110401367 Transportation Engineering and Planning Dr. Randa Oqab - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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110401367 transportation engineering and planning
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110401367 Transportation Engineering and Planning Dr. Randa Oqab - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 07, 2023 133 likes •734 views

110401367 Transportation Engineering and Planning Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli Introduction of Transportation Engineering Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli Importance of Transportation to Economy: Transportation as a Share of Consumer Spending In jordan

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110401367 Transportation Engineering and Planning

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Introduction of Transportation Engineering

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Importance of Transportation to Economy: Transportation as a Share of Consumer Spending In jordan according to DOS statistics:

  • Private vehicle ownership

45.7% (2012)

  • Average Annual Income HH

JD 8823.9 (2010)

  • Housing

27.8% (2010)

  • Transportation

17.2% (2010)

  • Health Care

2.7% (2010)

  • Education

6.5 % (2010)

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Transportation Engineering 1- Introduction

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Transportation:

Movement of people and goods

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Modes of Transportation:

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  • 1. Highway Transportation (cars)
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2. Rail Transportation (trains)

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  • 3. Air Transportation (airplanes)
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4. Water Transportation (ships)

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  • 5. pipeline Transportation (oil, gas,…)
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Roles of Transportation in Society:

  • A. Economically:
  • 1. availability of goods and services
  • 2. effective use of natural resources
  • 3. expansion of trade
  • 4. decentralization of industries & promotion of regional

specialization

  • 5. increasing large scale production & reducing the cost of

production

  • 6. providing competition that produces low prices & high

quality Transportation level is an index of economy and development.

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Index of Economic Impact of Transportation (red = worst, green = best)

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  • B. Socially:
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1. provides mobility for cultural, recreational and social purposes

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2. Affects population distribution and housing requirements 3. Affects employment opportunities

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  • C. Environmentally:

Its pollution affects the air, water & land qualities which are dangerous to human, animal & plant lives.

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  • D. Politically:
  • 1. increase the ability of the country to defend itself
  • 2. promotes the political unity of the nation

F117

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering is a branch of the engineering that deals with planning, design, & operation of various transportation systems and their components, to achieve a safe, efficient, convenient and economical movement of persons and goods.

  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli
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Transportation Problems:

  • 1. Congestion, pollution
  • 2. Energy problems
  • 3. Environmental problems
  • 4. Safety problems
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Congestion in Urban “Freeways”

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Congestion in Urban “Freeways”

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Highway Safety

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System Approach to Problem Solving:

  • 1. Identifying the problem
  • 2. Defining goals and objectives in solving the

problem

  • 3. Searching for alternative methods of meeting

the requirement

  • 4. Choosing & developing the best alternative
  • 5. Implementing its operation
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Trends in Transportation Development

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  • 1. Integration of transportation systems
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  • 2. Optimization of transportation systems

Source: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/transportation_systems/imperatives/index.html

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  • 3. Employment of computers & new technologies
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  • 4. Minimization of energy use
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  • 5. Increasing efficiency of existing facilities

Safety, Congestion, Schedules, Pollution, Prices …etc.

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Physical elements of the transportation system:

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highways waterways railways

  • 1. Travel ways
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airports water ports train stations

  • 2. Terminals
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automobiles trains airplanes ships

  • 3. Carriers
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Transportation Planning

  • It is a methodological process of preparing physical

facilities and services of modes for transportation needs

  • Needed because of:
  • Increased demand of new facilities and services
  • Huge investments in transportation projects
  • Land use development
  • Many alternatives exist for any transportation project
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BASIC ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

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1. Situation definition 2. Problem definition 3. Search for solutions 4. Analysis of performance 5. Evaluation of alternatives 6. Choice of project 7. Specification and construction

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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1. Situation definition:

  • The present system is analyzed and its characteristics are

described

  • Information about the surrounding area, its people, and their

travel habits may be obtained.

  • Previous reports and studies that may be relevant to the present

situation are reviewed

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning :

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2. Problem Definition:

  • Objectives to be accomplished by the project (such as to

reduce traffic congestion; to improve safety; to maximize net highway-user benefits; and to reduce noise)

  • Translate those objectives into criteria that can be quantified, for

example, the objective “to reduce traffic congestion” might use “travel time” as the measure of effectiveness.

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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3. Search for Solutions:

  • consideration is given to a variety of ideas, designs, locations,

and system configurations that might provide solutions to the problem.

  • “brainstorming stage”
  • includes preliminary feasibility studies
  • some data gathering, field testing, and cost estimating to

determine the practicality and financial feasibility of the alternatives being proposed

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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4. Analysis of Performance:

  • To estimate performance of proposed alternatives under present and

future conditions.

  • Determination of the investment cost of building the transportation

project, as well as annual costs for maintenance and operation.

  • Involves the use of mathematical models for estimating travel demand.
  • Determine use of the system (such as trip length, travel by time of day,

and vehicle occupancy)

  • Environmental effects are estimated
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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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5. Evaluation of Alternatives:

  • How well each alternative will achieve the objectives of the

project as defined by the criteria.

  • Performance data produced in the analysis phase are used to

compute the benefits and costs that will result if the project is selected.

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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6. Choice of Project:

  • It is made after considering all the factors involved.
  • Whether the factors were a single criterion such as cost

(select the lower cost)

  • In more complex projects other factors might be considered,

selection is based on how the results are perceived by those involved in decision-making

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Basic elements of Transportation Planning

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7. Specification and Construction:

  • Detailed design phase in which each of the components of the

facility is specified.

  • This involves its physical location, geometric dimensions, and

structural configuration.

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Summary: Situation definition Inventory transportation facilities, Measure travel patterns, Review prior studies Problem definition Define objectives (e.g., Reduce travel time), Establish criteria (e.g., Average delay time), Define constraints, Establish design standards Search for solutions Consider options (e.g., locations and types, structure needs, environmental considerations) Analysis of performance For each option, determine cost, traffic flow, impacts Evaluation of alternatives Determine values for the criteria set for evaluation (e.g., benefits vs. cost, cost-effectiveness, etc) Choice of project Consider factors involved (e.g., goal attainability, political judgment, environmental impact, etc.) Specification and construction Once an alternative is chosen, design necessary elements of the facility and create construction plans

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Example 11-1: Planning the relocation of a rural road (simple, yet good enough to explain the steps…)

Step 1: Situation definition:

  • to understand the situation that gave rise to the perceived need for a transportation

improvement

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Step 2: Problem definition

Purpose of the step: Describe the problem in terms of the objectives to be accomplished and translate those objectives into criteria. Example: Objective = Statements of purpose: Reduce traffic congestion, Improve safety, Maximize net highway-user benefits, etc. Criteria = Measures of effectiveness: Travel time, accident rate, delays (interested in reductions in these measures of effectiveness (MOEs)

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Step 3: Search for solutions

Brainstorm

  • ptions at this

stage.

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Step 4: Analysis of performance

  • Estimate how each of the proposed alternatives would perform under present and

future conditions.

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Step 4: (cont) Ranking of alternatives (in terms of MOE)

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Step 5: Evaluation of alternatives

This is a multi-objective evaluation problem.  Determine how well each alternative will achieve the

  • bjectives of the project as

defined by the criteria. Cost- wise best Improvement-wise superior

Improves this way Improves this way

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Urban Transportation Planning

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  • Involves the evaluation and selection of highway or transit facilities

to serve present and future land uses.

  • For example, the construction of a new shopping center, airport, or

convention center will require additional transportation services. Also, new residential development, office space, and industrial parks will generate additional traffic, requiring the creation or expansion of roads and transit services.

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Urban transportation planning time horizons.

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1. short-term:

  • to select projects that can be implemented within a 1- 3 year

period

  • These projects are designed to provide better management of

existing facilities by making them as efficient as possible.

  • Involve programs such as

 traffic signal timing to improve flow,  car and van pooling to reduce congestion,  park-and-ride fringe parking lots to increase transit ridership,  and transit improvements.

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Pictured above: Leesburg, VA Park & Ride Lot w/ bus shelters and bike lockers http://www.commuterconnections.org/commuters/transit/park-ride-locations/

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  • Dr. Randa Oqab Mujalli

Highway bus lane on Gyeongbu Expressway in South Korea.

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Urban transportation planning time horizons.

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2. long-range:

  • identifies the projects to be constructed over a 20-year period.
  • Involve programs such as

 adding new highway elements,  additional bus lines or freeway lanes,  rapid transit systems and extensions, 

  • r access roads
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Comprehensive Urban Area Transportation Planning Process