10/23/2018 WE REALLY USE THE BRAIN TO HEAR; GIVE YOUR CLIENTS THE - - PDF document

10 23 2018
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

10/23/2018 WE REALLY USE THE BRAIN TO HEAR; GIVE YOUR CLIENTS THE - - PDF document

10/23/2018 WE REALLY USE THE BRAIN TO HEAR; GIVE YOUR CLIENTS THE TOOLS TO COMMUNICATE STRESS FREE!!! Susan Antonellis, Au.D. CCC-A/F-AAA Director of Audiology Center for Hearing Health Program of Mill Neck Services INTRODUCTIONS


slide-1
SLIDE 1

10/23/2018 1

WE REALLY USE THE BRAIN TO HEAR; GIVE YOUR CLIENTS THE TOOLS TO COMMUNICATE STRESS FREE!!!

Susan Antonellis, Au.D. CCC-A/F-AAA Director of Audiology Center for Hearing Health

Program of Mill Neck Services

INTRODUCTIONS

  • SPEAKER
  • AUDIENCE
  • Who are your clients???
  • What is your client base???
  • Types of procedures seen???

STRESS HAS NO AGE LIMIT OR GENDER!!!!!!!

slide-2
SLIDE 2

10/23/2018 2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

10/23/2018 3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

10/23/2018 4

Cochlear .org

Hearing is thinking. You hear with your brain, not with your ears. Hearing, and especially speech understanding, is a cognitive process, not a mechanical one. The ears receive sounds and it is in the brain that they are processed to give meaning to you.

RESEARCH SHOWS!!!

cognitive hearing science.

  • This field examines the way our minds process the auditory signals

being sent to the brain, factor in the complexity of what we’re listening to, and adjust to the quality of listening conditions.

  • The findings hold significance for people with hearing impairments
  • Long-term effects of insufficient bottom-up signal processing may

affect what is stored in the brain

  • (Ronnberg, J., 2/2016)
slide-5
SLIDE 5

10/23/2018 5

Cognitive hearing science is not just about auditory aspects of speech but also relates to lip reading and to visual language, such as sign language. It also includes cross-cultural comparisons of tests and tools that address the mechanisms involved in auditory perception.

“ ”

It really doesn't seem fair: Hearing loss, a troublesome fact of life for more than 48 million Americans, according to the Hearing Loss Association of America, may increase the risk of cognitive problems and even dementia. By the time Americans reach their 70s, two-thirds have hearing loss.

STATISTIC

BRAIN & HEARING

  • Hearing affects the brain

Speech understanding is a cognitive process – it happens in the brain. Research shows, that untreated hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and a higher risk of dementia. The greater the untreated hearing loss, the greater the risk of dementia. (Oticon, 2016)

slide-6
SLIDE 6

10/23/2018 6

HOW DOES OUR HEARING WORK?

  • YOUR EARS PICK UP SOUNDS AROUND YOU AND THEN

TRANSLATE THE AUDITORY STIMULI INTO INFORMATION YOUR BRAIN CAN UNDERSTAND.

  • THE IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER IS THIS PROCESS IS

COMPLETELY MECHANICAL—WHILE OUR OTHER SENSES INVOLVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS—HEARING IS COMPLETELY PHYSICAL.

THE PROCESS

  • The pinna serves to catch the sound waves. It has many curves and its’

structure helps you determine direction of sound. The way it bounces off the pinna alters the pattern of the sound wave. Your brain recognizes the change in patterns and determines whether the sound is in front of you, behind you, above you or below you.

THE EAR CATCHES THE SOUND WAVES!

  • THE EAR NEEDS TO DO THREE BASIC THINGS:
  • 1-DIRECT THE SOUND WAVES INTO THE HEARING PART OF

THE EAR.

  • 2-SENSE THE FLUCTUATIONS IN AIR PRESSURE.
  • 3-TRANSLATE THESE FLUCTUATIONS INTO AN ELECTRICAL

SIGNAL THAT YOUR BRAIN CAN UNDERSTAND.

slide-7
SLIDE 7

10/23/2018 7

SOUND THEN TRAVELS TO THE MIDDLE EAR

  • The sound waves then travel

down the ear canal and then vibrate the tympanic membrane—more commonly known as the eardrum.

  • The eardrum is positioned

between the ear canal and the middle ear.

SOUND THEN TRAVELS TO THE MIDDLE EAR

  • The eardrum is rigid and sensitive---

it is attached to the tensor tympani muscle, which constantly pulls it inward.

  • This keeps it tight so it will vibrate

no matter which part of it is hit by a sound wave.

  • THE EARDRUM IS THE

ENTIRE SENSORY ELEMENT IN YOUR EAR.

THE COCHLEA

  • The cochlea is in the inner

ear and conducts sound through a flluid, instead of through air.

  • Of course it is harder to

move through fluid than through air, so the sound has to be amplified.

slide-8
SLIDE 8

10/23/2018 8

THE COCHLEA

  • That is the job of

the ossicles—the tiny bones in the middle ear—in fact they are the smallest bones in the body.

“ ”

THE COCHLEA IS THE MOST COMPLEX PART OF THE EAR!

  • Its job is to take the

physical vibrations caused by the sound wave and translate them into electrical information that the brain can recognize as distinct sound.

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

  • THIS TYPE OF HEARING LOSS IS ONE IN WHICH THE INNER

SYSTEM IS AFFECTED.

  • BOTH AIR CONDUCTION AND BONE CONDUCTION IS

AFFECTED EQUALLY ON THE AUDIOGRAM.

  • IT VARIES IN DEGREE.
  • IT IS USUALLY IRREVERSIBLE.
  • IN OLDER ADULTS WE REFER TO IT AS PRESBYCUSIS.
slide-9
SLIDE 9

10/23/2018 9

CAUSES OF SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

  • PRESBYCUSIS
  • SPOUSACUSIS
  • LABRYNTHITIS
  • ADOLESTHITIS
  • NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
  • HEAD TRAUMA
  • OTOTOXICITY
  • ACOUSTIC NEUROMA

Presbycusis

*Hearing loss due to aging. *Usually a sloping hearing loss. *Poor understanding of speech. *Difficulty hearing in noise.

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10/23/2018 10

THE PARTNERSHIP

NOW HEAR THIS!!! CAN YOU HEAR THIS?? WHAT DO YOU MEAN?? I HEAR JUST FINE!!! YOU MUMBLE!

SPOUSACUSIS

NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

slide-11
SLIDE 11

10/23/2018 11

CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, FEB. 2017

  • Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition

in the US. Almost twice as many people report hearing loss as report diabetes or cancer.

  • Noise exposure away from your job can damage your hearing just as

much as working in a noisy place.

  • Being around too much loud noise—like using a leaf blower or going

to loud concerts—can cause permanent hearing loss. And once it’s gone, you can’t get it back!

More about noise…. .

  • About 40 million US adults aged 20-69 years have

noise-induced hearing loss.

  • More than 1 in 2 US adults with hearing damage from

noise do not have noisy jobs.

  • About 1 in 4 US adults who report excellent to good

hearing already have hearing damage.

LET’S SUMMARIZE THUS FAR!!!!

HEARING LOSS CAUSES MANY PROBLEMS.

  • Continual exposure to noise can cause

stress, anxiety,

  • depression, high blood pressure, heart

disease, and many

  • other health problems.

SOME PEOPLE ARE AT HIGHER RISK FOR HEARING LOSS, INCLUDING THOSE WHO: 1. are exposed to loud sounds at home and in the community. 2. work in noisy environments (especially noise of 85 dB or more for 8 hours or longer). 3. take medicines that increase their risk. 4. are male. 5. are age 40 or older.

slide-12
SLIDE 12

10/23/2018 12

OTOTOXICITY

Drugs that can cause hearing loss: MYCIN DRUGS:

  • Gentamycin
  • Kanamycin
  • Neomycin (found in many OTC

antibiotic ointments) DRUGS CAUSING TINNITUS:

  • Cancer Medications
  • Some Diuretics
  • Salicytates

SPEECH H RECOGNIT NITION N SCORE RE SRS OR WRS

  • INTELLIGIBILITY
  • DISCRIMINATION
  • ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND SPEECH SOUNDS
  • ASSISTS IN DETERMINING A GOOD HEARING AID

CANDIDATE.

slide-13
SLIDE 13

10/23/2018 13

HEARING LOSS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO AGE

In Jan. 2014-Health Day News reported in a new study suggesting that older adults with impaired hearing may have a faster rate of brain shrinkage as they age. Many studies have found that older people with hearing loss tend to have a quicker decline in their memory and thinking skills, compared to those with normal hearing.

slide-14
SLIDE 14

10/23/2018 14

  • Dr. Lin’s Findings from Johns Hopkins

University in Baltimore

  • Older adults with hearing problems lose brain volume more

quickly than their peers with normal hearing.

  • The big question---Dr. Lin said—Does treating hearing

impairment slow changes in the brain structure and more importantly delay dementia?

  • He is planning a trial to test that idea.

THE STUDY

  • Results are based on 126 adults ages 56-86 who underwent annual MRI scans

to track brain tissue changes for up to 10 years.

  • At the time of the first scan-a hearing test was performed and a physical.
  • 51 of the participants showed some degree of hearing loss-majority of mild

degree.

  • Dr. Lin’s team found that older adults with hearing problems showed a faster

decline in brain volume over years---especially in brain regions involved in processing sound and speech.

CONCL CLUSIO SIONS

“USE IT OR LOSE IT”

slide-15
SLIDE 15

10/23/2018 15

Things to think About!!!

  • The study is interesting---does treating hearing loss prevent

brain tissue loss and slow mental decline.

  • Dr. Ian Storper, an otologist from Lenox Hill Hospital says “

we need a study to test that and it has yet to be done.”

  • Even though we have found a link between hearing loss and

mental decline—we still have not proven causation.

REPEAT THESE WORDS IN ORDER!!!!

ONION TOMATO FRENCH FRIES PICKLES HAMBURGER BUN LETTUCE KETCHUP

New Research Links Alzheimer’s and Hearing Loss

slide-16
SLIDE 16

10/23/2018 16

HEARING LOSS MAY BE LINKED TO ALZHEIMER’S

  • In Healthy Aging, 2014, findings indicated
  • lder adults who experience hearing loss may

be at increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.

  • The risk of dementia likely increases as

hearing loss worsens.

  • Hearing loss is one reason why people stay

away from social activities and leisure— leading to a sedentary lifestyle.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins have done studies looking at how hearing loss may influence cognitive

  • decline. In each case, they met with a number of seniors over several years and tracked which ones

developed Alzheimer’s and how quickly the disease progressed. In each study, the people with hearing loss had higher rates of dementia.

  • These studies don’t suggest that hearing loss itself causes dementia, but it does show

that there’s a link between the two. The researchers have a few theories on why that might be:

  • Change in brain function: The particular part of your brain in charge of hearing and

processing auditory information may simply start to work differently when the hearing part of that equation goes away (or becomes strained), causing a change to how your brain is structured, which could be related to the effects of Alzheimer’s.

  • Cognitive load: When you can’t hear well, you have to work a lot harder to make

sense of what people are saying. Every conversation you participate in requires more mental energy and work. If your everyday conversations are taking up most of the mental energy you have, then there’s less left for you to put toward memory or other cognitive functions. Researchers at Johns Hopkins have done studies looking at how hearing loss may influence cognitive

  • decline. In each case, they met with a number of seniors over several years and tracked which ones

developed Alzheimer’s and how quickly the disease progressed. In each study, the people with hearing loss had higher rates of dementia.

  • Social isolation: We know that social isolation can have some very serious effects on

both physical and mental health. When it’s hard to hear, it becomes harder to maintain social connections, which can lead to feeling alienated and experiencing all the negative effects of social isolation and loneliness.

  • They share a cause: The researchers behind the study are confident they managed to

control this, but concede there is some possibility Alzheimer’s and hearing loss may both be caused by some third health issue that people who experienced both in the study shared.

  • Though we don’t know if the relationship between Alzheimer’s and hearing loss is

due to one of these things or some combination of them, but simply knowing the relationship exists is a step toward being able to do something about it.

slide-17
SLIDE 17

10/23/2018 17

MINI COG. (RECOMMENDED BY THE ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION)

  • Administration. the Mini-Cog test is a 3-minute instrument to screen

for cognitive impairment in older adults in the primary care setting. The Mini-Cog uses a three-item recall test for memory and a simply scored clock-drawing test.

Actively Using Hearing Aids Reduces the Risk of Cognitive Decline (Oticon, 2017)

  • A new study, “Self-Reported Hearing Loss: Hearing Aids and Cognitive

Decline in Elderly Adults: A 25-year Study”, just published in the Journal

  • f the American Geriatrics Society, compared the trajectory of cognitive

decline among older adults who were using hearing aids and those who were

  • not. The study found no difference in the rate of cognitive decline between

people with no reported hearing loss and people with hearing loss who used hearing aids.

  • Hélène Amieva, “Self-Reported Hearing Loss: Hearing Aids and Cognitive Decline in

Elderly Adults: A 25-year Study," Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

slide-18
SLIDE 18

10/23/2018 18

RESEARCH SUPPORTING AMPLIFICATION

MORE RESEARCH!!!!

University of Maryland Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Reports, June 2018

MORE SUPPORT!!!!!!!!

According to the National Institutes of Health, as many as 28.8 million Americans could benefit from wearing hearing aids, but less than a third of that population actually uses them.

slide-19
SLIDE 19

10/23/2018 19

EFFECT ON MENTAL HEALTH Claudia Dewane, DEd, LCSW

  • Hearing loss plays a role in how older adults experience and react to

environmental stressors.

  • There is a cultural continuum of hearing loss. A sense of belonging is

important to mental health, yet individuals who are hard of hearing don’t belong entirely in the hearing world or in the deaf culture. A significant cultural difference exists between older adults who are somewhat deaf and those who are Deaf, that is, totally without

  • hearing. (The distinction is noted by lowercase and uppercase of the

letter D.) Varying degrees of dependence on assistive listening devices extend along the continuum. Hearing loss can create a psychological solitary confinement. Yet many older adults with hearing loss deny the disability or the impact it exerts on their quality

  • f life. The average delay in seeking help following a diagnosis of hearing loss is

five to seven years. Thus, an audiologist working with older adults experiencing hearing loss may need to ascertain the individual’s stage of acceptance, as well as the location along the cultural continuum. Family members who attribute hearing loss to normal aging and physician descriptors of hearing loss as mild or moderate inadvertently bolster individuals’ denial.

Older adults who are hard of hearing often report that when their hearing loss causes communication problems, it can result in difficulty thinking or concentrating. This results in inattentiveness, distraction, and boredom. The most serious consequence is withdrawal or abandoning participation. The self-talk is predictable: “I can’t participate, so I might as well pack it in. I can’t contribute, so what good am I?”

slide-20
SLIDE 20

10/23/2018 20

PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

The desire to hide hearing aids often arises from feelings of shame. Hearing aids render visible the fact that an older adult differs socially from others. Society’s value on physical perfection and beauty affects everyone, including older adults. Many elders who are hard

  • f hearing report subtle and sometimes overt prejudice toward those with hearing aids
  • r implants. The ancient terminology of “deaf and dumb” carries a new meaning.

Hearing-impaired older adults may feel shame related directly to difficulties in understanding what is being said. Inability to understand verbal communication results in feelings of isolation when elders are left out of group conversations. To avoid shame, elders with hearing loss sometimes choose isolation. (Social Work, 2010)

Hearing Loss in Older Adults Tied to More Hospitalizations and Poorer Physical and Mental Health

The John’s Hopkins team's analysis of the health survey data from 1,140 men and women aged 70 and older with hearing loss found that those with hearing deficits were 32 percent more likely to have been admitted to a hospital than 529 older men and women with normal hearing. All study participants had volunteered to have their hearing tested over a four-year period, as part of a larger, ongoing study, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Hearing Loss in Older Adults Tied to More Hospitalizations and Poorer Physical and Mental Health

"Hearing loss may have a profoundly detrimental effect on older people's physical and mental well-being, and even health care resources," says senior study investigator and Johns Hopkins otologist and epidemiologist Frank Lin, M.D., Ph.D. "Our results underscore why hearing loss should not be considered an inconsequential part of aging, but an important issue for public health," says Lin, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the university's Bloomberg School of Public Health. According to Lin, as many as 27 million Americans over age 50, including two-thirds of men and women aged 70 years and older, suffer from some form of hearing loss.

slide-21
SLIDE 21

10/23/2018 21

HEARING LOSS IS LINKED TO DEPRESSION

A study by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) shows that more than 11 percent

  • f those with hearing loss also had depression, as opposed to only 5

percent in the general population. Depression was most prevalent in those between the ages of 18 and 69. “We found a significant association between hearing impairment and moderate to severe depression," said Dr. Chuan-Ming Li, a researcher at NIDCD and the author of the study. The study does not confirm the nature of the cause-and-effect of the connection.

HEARING LOSS IS LINKED TO DEPRESSION

Hearing loss is the third-most occurring condition in older adults. Presbycusis, the most common form of hearing loss is associated with aging, occurs gradually. It is characterized by loss of the high frequency consonant sounds and trouble understanding speech in the presence of background noise. Between 25 and 40 percent of those over the age of 65 have hearing loss. Unfortunately, in the majority

  • f older adults, hearing loss goes undetected and untreated. The reason could be

that only 9 percent of internists recommend hearing tests to their older patients. Even with testing, only 25 percent of those whose hearing loss is treatable take action to get amplification.

Contemporary Psychiatrist William Glasser, MD, proposes that all individuals have five basic needs. How might hearing loss affect these needs?

  • Survival: Is the sense of security threatened when an elder is concerned about

hearing a fire alarm or a car horn?

  • Love and belonging: Where do elders who are hard of hearing belong in the

larger society? How does hearing loss affect a relationship or the ability to have a relationship?

  • Power and recognition: Does hearing loss affect job performance or others’

perceptions of the abilities of the individual who is hard of hearing?

  • Freedom: How is autonomy or self-sufficiency affected?
  • Fun: Does the loss impair elders’ abilities to hear jokes, banter, or music or to

have fun in any number of ways?

slide-22
SLIDE 22

10/23/2018 22

Hearing Loss May Be Tied to Memory Loss for Some (Feb, 2018)

  • American Academy of Neurology: 1,604 participants, with an average age of

75, whose hearing and thinking and memory skills were tested.

  • 26 % had peripheral hearing loss and 12 % had central hearing loss, 33 % were

diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment.

  • found that people with central hearing loss were twice as likely to have mild

cognitive impairment as people who had no hearing loss.

  • people with central hearing loss, 75 %, had mild cognitive impairment people

with no hearing loss, 60 percent, had mild cognitive impairment.

Hearing Loss May Be Tied to Memory Loss for Some (Feb, 2018)

  • people with peripheral hearing loss were no more likely to have mild cognitive

impairment than people with no hearing problems.

  • central hearing loss may share the same progressive loss of functioning in brain cells

that occurs in cognitive decline, rather than the sensory deprivation that happens with peripheral hearing loss

  • It’s a problem with perception. Tests of hearing perception should be given to

people who are older than 65 and also to people with cognitive impairment.”

  • people who had lower scores on speech discrimination also had lower scores on a

test of thinking and memory skills.

PLEASE REPEAT THE EIGHT WORDS THAT YOU REPEATED BEFORE!

slide-23
SLIDE 23

10/23/2018 23

  • WE NEED TO GIVE OUR CLIENTS OTHER STRATEGIES WHEN

COMMUNICATING.

  • WE NEED TO GIVE THEM LESS STRESS WHEN THEY

COMMUNICATE.

  • WE NEED TO HELP THEM TO MODIFY THEIR BEHAVIOR

TO MAKE LISTENING EASIER. Aural rehabilitation refers to services and procedures for facilitating adequate receptive and expressive communication in individuals with hearing impairment. These services and procedures are intended for those persons who demonstrate a loss

  • f hearing sensitivity or function in

communication situations as if they possess a loss of hearing sensitivity. The services and procedures include, but are not limited to:

slide-24
SLIDE 24

10/23/2018 24

MONITORING HEARING AID PERFORMANCE AND USE OF HEARING AID LIPREADING AUDITORY TRAINING COUNSELING HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY

AURAL REHABILITATION IS NOT NEW!!!

Aural rehabilitation has been around for decades. Due to costs and time management, it is not implemented as often as practitioners would like. The need is there but fulfilling it is difficult.

slide-25
SLIDE 25

10/23/2018 25

OTHER FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A HARD OF HEARING INDIVIDUAL’S COMMUNCIATION

  • Gain attention
  • Maintain eye contact
  • Avoid covering or changing the shape of your lips and mouth
  • Speak naturally
  • Rephrase rather than repeat
  • Converse away from background noise

NECESSITY OF AURAL REHABILITATION

  • AURAL REHABILITATION IS A NECESSARY TOOL FOR A

SUCCESSFUL HEARING AID USER.

  • IT ENHANCES THE HEARING AID EXPERIENCE.
  • IT GIVES THE HARD OF HEARING INDIVIDUAL THE ABILITY TO

USE OTHER OPTIONS IN ADDITION TO HEARING ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE BETTER.

  • IT WILL GIVE THEM A NEW INDEPENDENCE.
  • IT WILL STIMULATE THE BRAIN!

TYPES OF AURAL REHABILITATION

  • AURAL REHABILITATION CAN BE PERFORMED ON AN

INDIVIDUAL BASIS OR IN A GROUP.

  • SOME GROUP SESSIONS ARE CONDUCTED WITH

SPOUSES OR CHILDREN OF THE HEARING IMPAIRED PERSON.

  • INDIVIDUAL SESSIONS CAN INCLUDE A COMBINATION

OF LIPREADING AND AUDITORY TRAINING SKILLS.

slide-26
SLIDE 26

10/23/2018 26

FAMILY INVOLVEMENT

  • FAMILY MEMBERS NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE

LIMITATIONS THAT COME WITH HEARING LOSS.

  • SPEAKING THROUGH WALLS AND WHILE THE

WATER IS RUNNING DOES NOT WORK.

  • VISUAL AND CONTEXTUAL CUES ARE OF THE

UTMOST IMPORTANCE AND GETTING THE PERSON’S ATTENTION TOO!

How does hearing loss affect the partnership?

  • Hearing loss had a limited impact on the allocation of responsibilities, although in general the

hearing partner did most telephoning work. In most cases neither partner resisted this; however, occasionally, hearing partners resisted taking this on where they were pushing for the person with hearing loss to retain as much independence as possible.

  • Couples reported a change in the content and nature of communication, describing how those

aspects of communication that are small but important, such as reflections on events, can be

  • lost. In some cases, this led to a sense of isolation in both partners.
  • Hearing loss caused frustration for both partners.
  • In some circumstances, hearing loss led to couples talking at cross-purposes, causing friction

which would sometimes spill over into ongoing resentment.

How does hearing loss affect the partnership?

  • Both participants with hearing loss and their partners reported feelings of loneliness.
  • However, hearing partners, in particular, spoke of feeling lonely and felt that they

were missing out on companionship.

  • People with hearing loss and their partners had curtailed social activities. This

illustrates how the couple, not just the individual with hearing loss, can withdraw from social interaction. This also suggests that couples can become lonely despite the partners interacting with each other. (Echalier, Royal National Institute of Deaf People-2016)

  • Participants reported mixed experiences of how their children adjusted to their

hearing loss.

slide-27
SLIDE 27

10/23/2018 27

Family Communication

Two simple rules for family communication (Healthy Hearing, May 2016)

  • Family communication is vital, whether hearing loss affects the family or not.
  • Try to follow these two rules:

1- If you are the speaker, it's your job to be sure what you're saying is being heard and understood. If it isn't, you need to fix it. 2- If you are the listener, it's your job to let the speaker know whether you've heard and understood.

GROUP REHABILITATION

  • THIS IS ANOTHER AVENUE OF HANDLING AURAL

REHABILITATION AND THE IDEAL SITUATION IS OF COURSE TO PROVIDE BOTH MODES FOR THE PATIENT.

  • SUPPORT GROUPS PROVIDE EMPATHY FOR HARD OF HEARING

INDIVIDUALS—THE FEELING OF BEING ALONE IS ALLEVIATED WHEN MEETING OTHERS WITH SIMILAR PROBLEMS.

IN THE GROUP DYNAMIC—PATIENTS ARE ABLE TO SHARE TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS THAT THEY EXPERIENCE ON A DAILY BASIS. KNOWING THAT THEY ARE NOT ALONE IS HELPFUL FOR THEM IN HANDLING THEIR PROBLEMS, ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO ARE HAVING DIFFICULTY WITH ACCEPTANCE.

slide-28
SLIDE 28

10/23/2018 28

  • The Ida Institute is an independent, nonprofit
  • rganization that aims to foster a better

understanding of the human dynamics associated with hearing loss.

IDA INSTITUTE

The Ida Institute as a Change Agent

1-An independent non-profit

  • rganization

2-Funded by the Oticon Foundation since 2007 3-Work with co-creating change toward patient- centered practice in audiology

Ida Institute Mission

To foster a better understanding

  • f the human dynamics

associated with hearing loss

slide-29
SLIDE 29

10/23/2018 29

THE WIDER MEDICAL CONTEXT Professionals often try to persuade patients to change their habits by:

  • Giving information
  • Making recommendations

“Hearing aids will improve your quality of life” “You should wear your aids every day” “An FM system is just what you need”

How Successful is the Change? Information and recommendations rarely work well

  • Patient fails to follow recommended practice
  • Patient may even drop out of treatment
  • Professional feels frustration and dissatisfaction

It is better to let the patient convince themselves of the need to change.

  • This is more effective
  • It has a longer-lasting impact
  • It utilizes professional expertise and time more effectively

BUT HOW??

Audiology: ✓Using hearing devices ✓Adopting effective communication strategies Personal: ✓Losing weight ✓Taking adequate exercise Medical: ✓Taking vital medication ✓Controlling sugar intake

Knowing is not automatically followed by doing

The Problem: It’s Hard to Change Habits

We often fail to do what has been recommended, even if we know it is for our own benefit.

slide-30
SLIDE 30

10/23/2018 30

  • Changing habits is fundamental in audiology
  • People follow a well-recognised pattern when changing any habits
  • Some simple tools can support the change process

Two lines… …a box… …and a circle

The Process of Changing Habits

Ida Motivation Tools A means to structure patient-centered dialogue Track record in other health care areas Well-established theoretical framework History of Motivation Tools

  • Early roots in Carl Rogers non-directive counseling (1953)
  • Based on the transtheoretical model of intentional behavior

change (Prochaska and DiClemente,1993)

  • Early work: smoking cessation, obesity, drug addiction
  • Examination and resolution of ambivalence is central
slide-31
SLIDE 31

10/23/2018 31

Today...

WHO: Collaboration Center for Evidence Based Health Promotion in Hospitals uses the tools as an approach to manage chronic health conditions Successfully implemented and used within the Danish Health Care System since 1990 Applicable in a variety of medical contexts e.g. nursing, surgical medicine, audiology, and occupational therapy

A Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

  • An integration of theories and evidence of intentional behavior change

from:

  • 1. Evidence from successful self-changers

and

  • 2. Across different schools of thought within psychology i.e cognitive

psychology, behavioural psychology and psychoanalysis (Prochaska et al, 1991,Babeau et al 2004)

TOOLBOX

  • The website tools provide practical, easy-to-use strategies to open communication

and engage clients in the self-management of their hearing loss.

  • By better understanding the needs and wishes of people with hearing loss, and

incorporating their needs into the rehabilitation process, these tools can help increase client satisfaction, encourage collaboration, and help lead to better

  • utcomes.
  • The tool room contains downloadable versions of all the Ida tools along with

educational resources to help you use them in your facility.

slide-32
SLIDE 32

10/23/2018 32

TOOLS AVAILABLE

MOTIVATION TOOLS: You must encourage your clients to take action on their hearing loss.

  • Personalize and structure communication with clients
  • Save time by getting to the heart of the matter faster
  • Quick and simple to implement
  • Evidence-based

The Circle

Let the Patient Tell You.....

Which best describes you?

1.

I am not ready for hearing aids at this time (Pre-contemplation)

2.

I have been thinking that I might need hearing aids (Contemplation)

3.

I have started to seek information about hearing aids (Preparation)

4.

I am ready to get hearing aids if recommended (Action)

5.

I am comfortable with the idea of wearing hearing aids (Maintenance) (Babeau, Kricos et al, 2004)

slide-33
SLIDE 33

10/23/2018 33

THE CIRCLE

  • The Circle helps you to gauge a person with hearing loss's readiness to

receive hearing care recommendations and to assess if they need more guidance in change of behavior or attitude.

  • The Circle provides a visual representation of a client's state of mind during

different phases of their rehabilitation, as well as the types of clinician interactions that may foster change. Client self-assessment and the hearing care professional's observations help to focus the discussion around the client's readiness for change. It is not necessary to share where you would place the client on the Circle with them. Identify the patient’s views with respect to:

  • How important it is to change their habits
  • How strongly they believe in their ability to change

The Lines

  • 1. How important is it for you to improve your hearing right

now? 0 = not at all 10 = very much

  • 2. How much do you believe in your ability to use hearing

aids, assistive listening devices or communication strategies? 0 = not at all 10 = very much

The Lines

slide-34
SLIDE 34

10/23/2018 34

The Core Part of the Dialogue

ASK: What is the reason for giving yourself 6 and not 1? RESPONSE: The patient begins to articulate their reasons and maybe thinking about it more. You are always more likely to be convinced by listening to your own arguments and voice

Don’t Stop There... Typical follow-up questions: ASK: What would it take to increase the importance from 5 to 9? ASK: What would it take to increase your belief in your ability to change habits from 3 to 8? ASK: What can I do to help you to go from 1 to 7?

THE LINE

  • The Line
  • The Line asks clients to assess how important it is for them to improve their

hearing and how capable they feel they are to do it. The primary purpose of the Line is to help people with hearing loss evaluate their stories and offer sources of motivation.

  • The Line is used most frequently with those exploring their hearing loss or

those who have relapsed, for example, by no longer using hearing aids they have purchased.

slide-35
SLIDE 35

10/23/2018 35

The Box: Decisional Balance

1) What are the advantages

  • f continuing as you do

today? 2) What are the disadvantages of continuing as you do today? 3) What are the disadvantages of taking action on your hearing? 4) What are the advantages of taking action on your hearing?

Adapted from Janis and Mann 1977

‘Status quo’: Making no change in respect of hearing situation ‘Change’: Adopting instruments/strategies to hear better

The Box: Costs and Benefits of Change

1) What are the advantages of continuing as you do today? 2) What are the disadvantages

  • f continuing as you do

today? 3) What are the potential costs

  • f taking action?

4) What are the potential benefits of taking action?

Adapted from Janis and Mann 1977

‘Status quo’: Making no change in respect of hearing situation ‘Change’: Adopting instruments/strategies to hear better

I look normal I’ll be able to join in family conversation People will know I’m hard of hearing I feel left out and isolated

THE BOX

  • The Box asks the client to consider the positives and negatives of

maintaining the status quo versus taking action on their hearing loss. Hearing care professionals must be prepared to work with clients along a broad spectrum of readiness for change, including those openly rejecting hearing loss management.

  • Hearing care professionals need to help clients discover their motivation as

part of the counseling process on hearing and communication management. This can result in a facilitated counseling process and clients are more willing to take clinician recommendations.

slide-36
SLIDE 36

10/23/2018 36

Motivation

  • Identify and mobilize client’s intrinsic values
  • Motivation is elicited from the patient, not imposed from without
  • For increased motivation:
  • Elicit, clarify, resolve ambivalence and
  • Perceive costs and benefits associated with change

Resistance and Denial

  • Readiness to change is not a trait, but a product of interpersonal

interaction.

  • Resistance and denial are often signals to modify motivational

strategies.

  • Eliciting and reinforcing the patient’s belief in their ability to

achieve a specific goal. Good Practice

  • Listen
  • Support the patient in doing the talking
  • Repeat the last word like a question
  • Offer clear information
  • Reflect (so, on one side you say that …)
  • Do not argue with the patient, or counter their views
  • Let them hear their own answers
  • Let them convince you … and themselves
slide-37
SLIDE 37

10/23/2018 37

The Ida Moment

  • Did anything surprise you that you heard today?

LIVING WELL WITH CONDITIONS AND /OR CIRCUMSTANCES

  • Epilepsy

Fibromyalgia Hearing Loss

  • HIV/AIDS

Destitution Huntington’s disease

  • Chronic illness

Kidney donation Loneliness

  • Mental illness

Assisted living Osteoporosis

  • Low vision

Dementia Retirement communities Cancer Divorce Spinal Cord injury Motherhood Heart disease Hypothyroidism/Hyperthyroidism Homelessness Cystic fibrosis

  • Poverty

Older age Stroke Multigenerational Households Parkinson’s disease Stress Diabetes Menopause World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Health

ICF Focus:

  • Body
  • Person
  • Society
slide-38
SLIDE 38

10/23/2018 38

Implications of the ICF for Audiology

  • Focus on participation and activities rather than impairment.
  • Living well means different things to different people.
  • The person with hearing loss defines a successful outcome.
  • Clinicians must involve the person with hearing loss in defining the

problem and solution.

Why is it Important to Know What Living Well Means to Your Client?

Living well by taking part in activities Only person who can identify how they would like to take part HCP PATIENT Expert in own hearing loss and goals Expert in technological and communication strategies and AR process Shared decision making PATIENT

Why is Living Well with Hearing Loss important to hearing care professionals?

  • Novel, intriguing, challenging approach to rehabilitation.
  • Is patient-centered and holistic; promotes individualized rehabilitation planning considering the

whole person, not just ears/audiogram.

  • Approaches the rehabilitation process from a positive perspective rather than a medical, deficit-

model.

  • Is consistent with the WHO-ICF model as it would seem to integrate activities, participation,

personal and contextual factors.

  • Potentially allows persons with hearing loss to integrate their hearing loss into their desired lifestyle.
slide-39
SLIDE 39

10/23/2018 39

  • Closed questions = weak understanding
  • Too open a conversation = information overload
  • Effective counseling needs structure and a joint goal in mind

Some Challenges With Counseling

WHAT ABOUT PEDIATRICS?

The Living Well Tool

Patient selects important situations and tells HCP about them Patient rates each situation in terms of ease and importance Joint goal setting Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Patient and HCP discuss strategies

slide-40
SLIDE 40

10/23/2018 40

  • Can be applied both as clinical and a training tool
  • Use to include both patient and their communication

partner

  • Provides:
  • structure for conversation
  • joint goals for AR process
  • Positive and optimistic approach:

Focuses on growing personal successes

Advantages of Living Well Tool

My Turn to Talk for Parents Introduction My Turn to Talk for Parents can help you prepare for your child's next appointment. We will ask you to identify the people your child communicates with most often and then to fill out four brief questions.

IDA INSTITUTE HAS TOOLS FOR CHILDREN TOO!

Select people belonging to your child's social network below:

MOTHER FATHER SISTER TEACHER FRIEND HEARING CARE PROF. CHILD GRANDPARENT

slide-41
SLIDE 41

10/23/2018 41

2 1 2 3 CHILD MOTHER

HEARING CARE PROF. FRIEND

MY NOTES

  • I HOPE……
  • I AM CONCERNED ABOUT…
  • I NEED HELP WITH…
  • I WANT TO TALK ABOUT….
slide-42
SLIDE 42

10/23/2018 42

TOOLS FOR EVERYDAY LIFE

  • Caption Call Telephone
  • Tunity App

CAPTION CALL What does it have to offer patient?

  • First, it is FREE to all hard of hearing/deaf patients certified by an

audiologist.

  • It is installed in their home using their present telephone number.
  • Internet access is preferred.
  • Free installation and instruction.
  • Can also be installed on an I-Pad for portability.
slide-43
SLIDE 43

10/23/2018 43

MORE BENEFITS!

  • It amplifies the voice of the speaker.
  • The phone can be customized to the person’s audiogram.
  • It shows captions on the phone as the speaker speaks.
  • It shows captions from voicemails.

TUNITY APP

slide-44
SLIDE 44

10/23/2018 44

What does it do?

  • SCAN: Scan the TV. Tunity syncs to

that channel’s audio. STREAM

  • Stream the television’s audio directly to your device

Hear what’s happening in real time.

ANYWHERE

  • Through headphone or a speaker, you can now listen to any muted or low

volume television.

  • In a bar, gym, airport, doctor’s office, waiting area wherever you are.
slide-45
SLIDE 45

10/23/2018 45

WHAT IS LACE?

  • LACE is an interactive computerized training program designed for

home use. It assists in developing listening and communication skills and strategies that can help compensate for those communication situations when hearing is impaired and inadequate.

  • It is a very useful tool as part of an aural rehabilitation program.

LACE Online (LOL) is a browser-based web app that enables low cost LACE aural rehabilitation training from any device with an internet connection. With LOL there is nothing to download or

  • install. The app can be easily accessed through any modern web

browser at www.lacelistening.com. LOL training can be started on one device and easily completed

  • n another. So you can train at home or on the go and remain

completely synchronized across all devices.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

slide-46
SLIDE 46

10/23/2018 46

FEATURES OF LACE

  • Speech-in-Noise
  • According to the American Academy of Audiology, LACE’s Speech-in-Noise Training Works!
  • Rapid Speech
  • This module helps train you to better understand fast talkers.
  • Competing Speaker
  • This module trains you to understand the voice you want to hear when there are competing

speakers.

  • Word Memory
  • This module helps train your brain to fill in the blanks.

SPEECH IN NOISE

  • THE PATIENT IS ASKED TO REPEAT A SENTENCE THAT YOU

WILL HEAR IN BACKGROUND NOISE.

  • HE/SHE MUST INDICATE YES OR NO AS TO WHETHER YOU

UNDERSTOOD THE ENTIRE SENTENCE THAT WAS PLAYED.

RAPID SPEECH

  • THE PATIENT WILL HEAR A SENTENCE THAT WILL BE

PRESENTED VERY RAPIDLY TO YOU.

  • THE PATIENT WILL REPEAT THE SENTENCE TO THEMSELF OR

ALOUD.

  • HE/SHE WILL INDICATE YES OR NO AS TO WHETHER THEY

HEARD THE ENTIRE SENTENCE.

slide-47
SLIDE 47

10/23/2018 47

COMPETING SPEAKER

  • THE PATIENT WILL BE GIVEN A TARGET VOICE TO CONCENTRATE

ON:

  • MALE, FEMALE OR CHILD.
  • LISTEN FOR THAT VOICE AND REPEAT ALOUD OR TO YOURSELF

WHAT THE TARGET VOICE SAID.

  • THE PATIENT MUST INDICATE YES OR NO AS TO WHETHER

HE/SHE UNDERSTOOD THE ENTIRE SENTENCE THAT WAS PLAYED.

COMPETING SPEAKER EXERCISE WORD MEMORY

  • THE PATIENT MUST REMEMBER THE WORD THAT COMES

IMMEDIATELY BEFORE OR AFTER THE TARGET WORD IN THE SENTENCE.

  • THE PATIENT IS GIVEN THE DIRECTIVE AS TO “BEFORE” OR

“AFTER” AND THE TARGET WORD BEFORE THE SENTENCE IS GIVEN.

  • HE/SHE SHOULD INDICATE WHICH WORD THEY REMEMBER

FROM THE ONE SENTENCE BASED ON PARAMETERS GIVEN.

slide-48
SLIDE 48

10/23/2018 48

RESEARCH: SWEETOW & HENDERSON, 2006

  • By using individualized computerized training, LACE can overcome many

limitations of traditional therapy. Computerized training has been proven effective in sensory training for other visual deficits, as well as for cognitive disorders such as aging-associated memory deficits and early-stage Alzheimer's.

  • Also, well-established rules of perceptual learning can be easily implemented in a

computerized protocol. For example, it is essential that the patients being trained maintain a high level of interest. Visual graphics and dynamic interaction between the patient and the computer program help hold their attention.

RESEARCH: SWEETOW & HENDERSON, 2006

  • In addition, the task must be difficult enough to present a challenge, but not

so hard as to create frustration. One can accomplish this by keeping the level

  • f difficulty of the training close to the subject's threshold for the task. This

model has proven beneficial in driving neural plasticity. In other words, the difficulty level of the task is based on the accuracy of a person's response to the previous task. For example, if a subject can correctly identify a sentence presented at a +2 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the next presentation would be made at a 0-dB SNR. Or, if the subject cannot correctly identify the stimulus at a +2-dB SNR, the next presentation would be at a +4-dB SNR.

STARKEY HEAR COACH

slide-49
SLIDE 49

10/23/2018 49

BACKGROUND OF HEAR COACH

  • Individuals with hearing loss tend to have increased difficulty understanding

speech in noise and as a result experience communication breakdowns. Tasks like the ones in this game have been shown to help improve listening ability in noise. When people have improved listening in noise they don't have to work as hard to hear and can relax and participate in conversations without straining, even in loud or busy environments. Hear Coach is a suite of listening games developed by Starkey Laboratories; it features games that challenge both your cognitive and auditory sharpness.

BACKGROUND OF HEAR COACH

Hear Coach allows you to track your progress over time and unlock more difficult levels as your performance improves. A different background noise stimulus within each of the levels provides you with varying degrees of difficulty to help you train your auditory system in different environments. This app is designed to help people who think they might have a hearing loss, people who have new hearing aids, and even experienced hearing aid users who want to get the most out of their listening.

slide-50
SLIDE 50

10/23/2018 50

ReadMyQuips™ is very effective for two reasons: it mimics real-life face-to-face communication, and it makes it a fun client experience. It is a realistic program. It gives contextual cues, facial expressions, and body language which is important in any communicative situation. *And the fun factor means your clients spend more time using the program. *They will want to use ReadMyQuips™, and “time on task” directly correlates to improved skills. *This system adapts to your clients’ skills as they improve. The first few puzzles are easy to hear, but as the client advances, they must rely more and more on visual cues as the noise level rises. *Your clients will be surprised at how much they can comprehend, even in a very noisy environment.

slide-51
SLIDE 51

10/23/2018 51

IT’S NOT ALL ABOUT THE EARS

Understanding speech requires not just hearing, but

  • seeing. When you learn to combine both these

senses, we call that visual-auditory speech comprehension.

“ ”

Research indicates that with consistent use, ReadMyQuips can improve speech comprehension by

  • ver 40%.

Every client will have the opportunity complete a puzzle just like this!

slide-52
SLIDE 52

10/23/2018 52

POSIT SCIENCE-BRAIN HQ

BrainHQ has more than two dozen brain- training exercises organized into six categories: Attention, Brain Speed, Memory, People Skills, Intelligence, and Navigation.

Faster AUDITORY PROCESSING Have you ever found yourself having difficulty understanding a person who's talking to you— especially in a crowded room? Or remembering details from a conversation from just a few days ago? When that happens, it's usually because your brain isn't processing what you hear quickly and accurately enough. This course is designed to work out the auditory processing machinery in the brain, challenging it to be faster and more accurate. By targeting your auditory processing skills, you'll be working towards improving your memory, too. That's because the clarity of what you hear greatly determines your ability to confidently and accurately remember it later.

Newest reports, July 2018-three important new studies on how exercises found in Brain HQ can have a positive effect on people’ s lives.

  • 1-A study in late June—Brain HQ exercises helped people who had persistent

cognitive issues following stays in hospital intensive care units.

  • 2-A study in early July----Brain HQ exercises improved processing speed in older

adults ( average age 81), whether in independent living or assisted living.

  • 3-A study with preliminary results announced at an Alzheimer’s conference, found a

Brain HQ exercise increased levels of a key chemical—acetylocholine—which usually decreases with aging and dramatically decreases with dementia.

slide-53
SLIDE 53

10/23/2018 53

BETTER MEMORY BASICS

A good memory is a great asset. When your memory is strong, you can do things better and with greater confidence, from recalling all the ingredients in a recipe to keeping up with every task at work. Sharp memory skills are also important to your social life, enabling you to keep track of names and faces, follow- up on prior conversations, and share news with others. In this challenge, you’ll have the opportunity to work out your memory with exercises focused on auditory memory, visual memory, and working memory.

LUMOSITY-APP

Lumosity is a full featured online brain training site with a large number of games that Lumosity claims will improve cognitive skills like memory, processing speed, attention, and problem solving. "Lumosity is based on the science of neuroplasticity, the idea that the brain can change and reorganize itself given the right kinds of challenges," says Erica Perng, Lumosity's head of communications. "People have a variety of reasons for wanting to boost their brain power, whether it's to focus at work, do better at school and standardized tests, or just to stay sharp.“ (US World 2018)

slide-54
SLIDE 54

10/23/2018 54

FACTS ABOUT LUMOSITY

  • NOT FOR CHILDREN UNDER 13 YEARS OF AGE
  • CAN IMPROVE MOOD & MEMORY ISSUES IN OLDER ADULTS WHO

HAVE BEGUN A DECLINE IN MENTAL ABILITY. (Health, 2016)

  • RESEARCHERS COMBINED AND ANALYZED DATA ONLY INVOLVING

PEOPLE WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, THEY FOUND THAT BRAIN TRAINING LED TO IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOBAL COGNITION, MEMORY, LEARNING AND ATTENTION, MOOD, AND SELF- PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE. HOWEVER, WHEN THEY ADDED IN DATA FROM THE 12 STUDIES ON PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA, THAT ASSOCIATION DISAPPEARED. (Health, 2016)

OTICON MEDICAL

OTICON MEDICAL offers to its patients an interactive game dedicated to auditory rehabilitation for patients with hearing loss. This game has two

  • bectives :

1- an opportunity to train. 2- gives a score of this training. With adults and children worlds, OTICON MEDICAL rehabilitation game will accompany children and adults throughout their discovery of the hearing.

TWO TRAINING CHOICES

  • ADULT GAME TRAINING

Detection Discrimination Identification

  • CHILD TRAINING

Detection Discrimination Identification

slide-55
SLIDE 55

10/23/2018 55

BRAINWELL APP

Brainwell will give your brain a daily workout and challenge your cognitive

  • abilities. Test your problem solving, attention and memory, challenge your brain

with cognitive exercises, and have fun as you play this mind training app that’s meant for both kids and adults. Brainwell trains attention, problem solving, memory, language, and visual skills. It is filled with challenging exercises for the mind, including more than 50 games designed with the knowledge of neuroscience. It’s an app for adults and kids to play to get a brain workout nearly anywhere – anytime!

CONCLUSIONS

The ear gathers sound –to the middle ear---- then to the cochlea— The energy is converted from mechanical-physical vibrations to electrical energy to be understood by the BRAIN. Therefore, we really hear with our BRAIN! In addition, you must keep the BRAIN active and stimulated to prevent degeneration. When hearing loss is identified, it should be treated immediately as to keep the BRAIN intact.

QUESTIONS