1 Abaloparatide: PTHrP Synthetic Analogue of Human PTHrP 1-34 PTH - - PDF document

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1 Abaloparatide: PTHrP Synthetic Analogue of Human PTHrP 1-34 PTH - - PDF document

Whats New and On the Horizon for Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest Prescription Medicines I serve on the Global Advisory Boards of the following companies: Amgen, Lilly, Merck I receive honoraria from the following companies: Alexion,


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OOC Michael R. McClung, MD, FACP

Director, Oregon Osteoporosis Center Portland, Oregon, USA

What’s New and On the Horizon for Prescription Medicines

Images Courtesy of Dr. David Dempster

North American Menopause Society

Las Vegas, NV October 1, 2015 OOC

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

I serve on the Global Advisory Boards of the following companies: Amgen, Lilly, Merck I receive honoraria from the following companies: Alexion, Amgen, GSK and Merck Michael McClung, MD 2015 OOC

  • Real or perceived intolerance
  • Concerns about safety, especially the long-term safety of

bisphosphonates

  • Inconvenient or awkward dosing regimens
  • Poor adherence to therapy
  • No agent restores skeletal structure or strength to normal

levels

  • i.e., no “cure” for osteoporosis
  • Expense

Current Osteoporosis Treatments: Limitations

M McClung. Personal opinion

OOC Cathepsin K inhibitors New analogs of PTH Biological activators of bone formation Anti-sclerostin antibody

Emerging Treatments

Anti-resorptive agents Anabolic agents

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SLIDE 2

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OOC

  • PTH and PTHrP bind to same PTH receptor – but kinetics of

effects are different: much longer with teriparatide vs PTHrP 1-

  • 36. This may account for greater effects on bone resorption and

calcium mobilization.

PTHrP

  • PTHrP 1-36:
  • Phase 1 studies: PTHrP(1-36) increased markers of bone

formation but had little effect on bone resorption and did not cause hypercalcemia.

  • Phase 2 study – vs teriparatide:
  • Smaller increases in markers of bone formation and

resorption

  • Minimal differences in BMD response
  • Same or more hypercalcemia

Horwitz MJ et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2013; 28:2266-76.

OOC

Abaloparatide:

Synthetic Analogue of Human PTHrP 1-34

Functional optimization of BA058 based on amino acids 22-34 More selectively binds to R*G PTH receptor than does PTHrP

22 30 34

100% hPTHrP 38% hPTHrP

hPTH1-34 hPTHrP1-34 PTHrP analog (BA058)

Hattersley R et al. Endocrine Society. OR31-5, 2014.

OOC

  • Compared to 20 ugm teriparatide daily, 80 ugm

abaloparatide daily resulted in

  • Smaller increases in markers of bone formation and

especially of bone resorption

  • Larger increases in spine and especially hip BMD
  • Lower frequency of hypercalcemia

Daily subcutaneous dosing was well tolerated

Abaloparatide: Phase 2 Studies

Hattersley R et al. Endocrine Society. OR-08, 2012. Leder BZ et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:697-706.

OOC

Radius Health Form 8-K: January 12, 2015

Abaloparatide:

Pivotal Phase 3 Study Design (ACTIVE)

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OOC

APTD-80 2460 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis Interventions: Abaloparatide 80 ugm QD Teriparatide 20 ugm QD Placebo Placebo 4 8 12 % Change from baseline

Lumbar spine Total hip

TPTD-20

ANCOVA approach

ACTIVE Trial: Abaloparatide vs Teriparatide

Bone Mineral Density – 18 Months

Radius Health Form 8-K: January 12, 2015 Miller PD et al. Endocrine Society 2015

P=0.016

OOC

ACTIVE Trial: Abaloparatide vs Teriparatide

Morphometric Vertebral Fractures (worsening and/or new)

Placebo N = 820 Abaloparatide N = 822 Teriparatide N = 818 Evaluable patients at 18 months 711 690 717 Fracture rate (RRR) 1 4.36% 0.72% (83%) 0.98% (78%)

RRR = Relative risk reduction

  • 1. Radius Health Form 8-K: January 12, 2015
  • 2. Miller PD et al. Endocrine Society. 2015

OOC

Radius Health Form 8-K: January 12, 2015

ACTIVE Trial: Abaloparatide vs Teriparatide Non-vertebral Fractures

Placebo Teriparatide Abaloparatide

Log-rank p-values: Abaloparatide vs PBO: 0.0489 Teriparatide vs PBO: 0.2127 Abaloparatide vs teriparatide: 0.4363

RRR 28% 43%

RRR = Relative risk reduction

% of patients with npn-vertebral fracture

Overall effect on racture risk did not differ significantly between active treatment groups, but the reduction in risk appeared to occur earlier with abaloparatide

OOC

ACTIVE Trial: Abaloparatide vs Teriparatide Adverse Events of Interest

Placebo N = 820 (%) Abaloparatide N = 822 (%) Teriparatide N = 818 (%) Back pain 10.0% 8.6% 7.2% Hypercalciuria 8.9% 10.9% 12.5% Hypercalcemia (uncorrected serum calcium) 1.2% 6.0% 10.8%

Radius Health Form 8-K: January 12, 2015 Miller PD et al. Endocrine Society. 2015

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OOC

  • Will be used like teriparatide
  • Its specific role will be determined by
  • More careful analysis of non-vertebral fracture data vs TPTD
  • Convenience of dosing vs TPTD (non-refrigerated)
  • Cost relative to TPTD

Abaloparatide: Future Use

M McClung. Personal opinion

OOC

Cathepsin K Inhibitors

Odanacatib

  • Cathepsin K is major osteoclast-derived protease
  • Genetic deficiency causes osteocyte-rich osteosclerosis

with decreased resorption but formation is present

  • Odanacatib is a non-lysosomotropic selective inhibitor
  • f CatK
  • Very strong pre-clinical program
  • Decreased resorption but no change or even increase in

numbers of osteoclast

  • Increased periosteal formation
  • Increased cortical bone thickness and strength

OOC

Odanacatib Preserves Bone Formation while Inhibiting Bone Resorption: Preclinical Evidence

  • Odanacatib reduces the activity of cathepsin K in osteoclasts
  • Same number of resorption pits, but shallower
  • Allows subsequent bone formation

Vehicle Odanacatib

Cat K = cathepsin K; pOC = pre-osteoclast; OC = osteoclast; Cat Ki = Cat K inhibitor; Ob = osteoblast; pOb = pre-

  • steoblast; P = resorption pit; RANK = receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B; RANKL = RANK ligand .

Duong LT. BoneKEy Reports.2012;1. Article no. 67. Leung P et al. Bone. 2011;49:623–635.

OC P P OC

OOC

  • ODN effects on bone formation

are site specific:

  • Trabecular surface of spine, ODN

dose-dependently inhibited BFR

  • At proximal femur, ODN increased

endocortical and periosteal bone formation

Effects of Odanacatib on Periosteal Bone Formation in Ovariectomized Monkeys

Masarachia PJ, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27:509-23

Bone

73.8 µm

TCY CAL

209.3 µm

Bone

CAL TCY

Periosteum

Vehicle ODN (30 mg/kg)

Calcein labelling at 12 months; tetracycline at Month 21

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SLIDE 5

5

OOC Lumbar Spine

Full-Analysis-Set Population / LOCF Month % Change from Baseline (Mean ± SE)

Placebo

13 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60

  • 2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

ODN 50 mg/ Q week

11.9%

Femoral Neck

Month % Change from Baseline (Mean ± SE)

1 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60

  • 2

2 4 6 8 10 12

9.8%

Langdahl et al. J Bone Miner Res 2012 ;27:2251-8.

Odanacatib:

Bone Mineral Density: 5 Years

Marked and progressive increase in BMD OOC

LOFT: Phase 3 Fracture Trial

Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover

Percent change from baseline (geometric LS mean ± SE) Time (months)

12 24 36 48 N: N: 20 10

  • 60
  • 10
  • 20
  • 30
  • 40
  • 50

Urinary NTx/Cr

Time (months)

Serum P1NP (ng/ml)

6 603 619 516 516 438 406 49 52 554 569 634 650 543 545 460 433 59 55 594 613 12 24 36 48 20 10

  • 60
  • 10
  • 20
  • 30
  • 40
  • 50

6 ODN 50 mg OW Placebo OW McClung MR, et al. ASBMR 2014 NTX is a product of CatK digestion

  • f type 1 collagen

CTX is only a product of CatK activity No effect on formation markers after 2-3 years

OOC

  • In LOFT study of more than 16,000 women with

postmenopausal osteoporosis, odanacatib 50 mg po

  • nce weekly significantly reduced fracture risk
  • Relative risk reduction % (ODN vs PBO)
  • vertebral

54% (2.3% vs 7.2%)

  • hip

47% (0.7% vs 1.2%)

  • non-vertebral *

23% (6.5% vs 8.0%)

Odanacatib: Effect on Fracture Risk

* Time-dependent decrease in non-vertebral fracture risk

McClung M et al. ASBMR 2014

OOC

  • Final safety data are being adjudicated
  • Results of the full 5 year blinded extension study

will be available shortly

  • Regulatory filing anticipated soon.

Odanacatib

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OOC

  • First line treatment or most patients with
  • steoporosis
  • Unique mechanism of action
  • anti-resorptive with minimal effect on formation
  • indirect anabolic agent
  • Better efficacy
  • Different tolerability and safety profile
  • Possible combinations with anabolic agents

What Will Odanacatib Offer?

M McClung. Personal opinion

  • possibly

OOC

  • Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of Wnt

signaling in osteoblasts, resulting in decreased bone formation

  • Sclerostin-deficient adults with sclerostiosis or Van

Buchem’s disease present with high bone mass of excellent quality

  • Heterozygotes of these conditions normal phenotype

except high bone

  • In animals, anti-sclerostin antibodies promote new bone

formation, normalizing bone mass, structure and strength

Anti-sclerostin Therapy

Li et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24.578-88. Ominsky MS et al. J Bone Miner Res 2010;25:948-59. van Lierop AH et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:2804-11.

OOC

Romosozumab

Phase 2 Study: Bone Mineral Density

Data are LS means and 95% CIs.

Percentage Change From Baseline

–2 2 4 6 8 10 12 3 6 9 12 11.3%

*†ʌ *†ʌ *†ʌ

*P < 0.0001 vs placebo

†P < 0.0001 vs ALN ʌP ≤ 0.0025 vs TPTD

Month Lumbar Spine

–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 4.1% 3 6 9 12

* *†ʌ *†ʌ

*P < 0.0001 vs placebo

†P < 0.0001 vs ALN ʌP < 0.0001 vs TPTD

Month Total Hip

Placebo ALN TPTD Romosozumab 210 mg QM

McClung et al. NEJM 2014;370:412-420.

OOC P1NP CTX

250 200 150 100 50 –50 –100 250 200 150 100 50 –50 –100 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12

Percentage Change from Baseline Month Month * * * *

*P < 0.02 vs placebo *P < 0.04 vs placebo

* * * *

Romosozumab Phase 2 Study

Serum P1NP and CTX

Placebo Romosozumab 210 mg QM

Except for Week 1, all values were collected pre-dose Data are medians and IQRs. P values are only shown for the romosozumab 210 mg QM group. Except for Week 1, all values were collected pre-dose

McClung MR et al. New Engl J Med 2014;370:412-420.

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OOC

Blosozumab Phase 2 Study

Lumbar Spine and Total Hip BMD

Total Hip Lumbar Spine

Recker RR et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30:216-224.

8.4% 17.7% 2.1% 6.7%

10 20 30 40 50 25 20 15 10 5

  • 5

Percent Change from Baseline (95% CI)

Weeks *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *

10 20 30 40 50 10 8 6 4 2

  • 2

Weeks *** ***

Blosozumab 270 mg Q2W Blosozumab 180 mg Q2W Blosozumab 180 mg Q4W Placebo

OOC

Bone Mineral Density – Year 2

Continued Romosozumab Therapy

Month

5 10 15 3 6 12 18 24

Month

2 4 6

  • 2

Lumbar Spine Total Hip

15.2% 5.5% Percent Change from Baseline 11.4% 4.2% 3 6 12 18 24

Romosozumab 210 mg QM ALN TPTD Placebo

  • 0.1%
  • 0.7%

0.4%

  • 1.5%

McClung MR et al. ASBMR 2014.

OOC

Bone Mineral Density – Year 3

Romosozumab Discontinuation: Transition to Denosumab

Month

Total Hip

36 30 24 18 12 6 3 BL

15 10 5

  • 5

36 30 24 18 12 6 3 BL

24 16 8

  • 8

Lumbar Spine

Romosozumab 210 mg QM* Denosumab 60 mg Q6M Placebo* Placebo Q6M

15.7% 19.4% 6.0% 7.1%

McClung MR et al. ASBMR 2014.

Percent Change from Baseline

OOC

Phase III studies are underway

  • evaluation of safety will be important

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 extension

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01575834

Romosozumab Denosumab Denosumab Placebo Denosumab Denosumab

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01631214

Romosozumab Alendronate Alendronate Alendronate

Anti-sclerostin Therapy

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OOC

New Prescription Therapy: Summary

  • Advances in understanding of the

molecular regulation of bone metabolism have provided exciting new therapeutic possibilities

  • We are entering a new phase in the

treatment of osteoporosis in which new therapies will improve the balance of bone metabolism and may be able to restore skeletal mass, architecture and strength in patients with severe

  • steoporosis

Osteoporosis Normal

Images courtesy of

  • Dr. David Dempster