1 2 Ozone forms from NOX+VOC+Sun 3 Source: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ozone forms from NOX+VOC+Sun

Source: www.montgomerycountymd.gov/DEP/Resources/Images/outreach/air/ozoneformation.jpg

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Progress: Reduced in O3 precursors

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519 320 351 236 100 200 300 400 500 600

VOC NOX

Tons per day 2011 2017

Source: RAQC, 2017 Emissions Inventory and Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration DRAFT, March 2016

Progress: Inflection point VMT vs Pop

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Note: Colorado GDP up 30% since 2000

Source: DRCOG (draft 20 May 2015)

VOC Emissions: What is being done?

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 New car/truck standards  Cleaner fuels/ Alternative fuels  Inspection/maintenance programs  New vehicle technologies  Transportation/land use programs  Travel reduction programs  Oil and Gas (O&G)

• New regulations

established by Air Quality Control Commission in Feb. 2014

 Lawn and garden equipment change-out programs

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 New car/truck standards  Cleaner fuels/ Alternative fuels  Inspection/maintenance programs  Diesel retrofits  New vehicle technologies  Transportation/land use programs  Travel reduction programs  Power Plants

• Clean Air Clean Jobs Act
• Renewable energy/energy efficiency

programs

• Clean Power Plan

 Small engine standards  Non-road engine standards  Locomotive engine standards  Emissions Standards for Large Engines and Boilers

NOx Emissions: What is Being Done?

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Background ozone is a significant issue, especially in the West

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“Background ozone” is from natural events and non-U.S. anthropogenic sources

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Past and recent studies have shown >55-60% of high

• zone in NFR and Colorado

due to background ozone

Background Ozone

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US Background ~42-47 ppb 55-60% Colorado ~18-25 ppb 25-35% Interstate ~8-12 ppb 10-15%

What can you do?

♦ Next board meeting: Friday 6 May at

9:30am at Chamber building

♦ Mower exchange: Sat 7 May at Dicks

Sporting Good park (must pre-register)

♦ Ozoneaware:

• Everytripcounts.org : commit to reduce 2 car

trips per week this summer

• Log trips: ozoneaware.org/calculator/

♦ RAQC.org

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Regional Air Quality Council

Lead agency for air quality planning for the Denver/ North Front Range region Primary responsibilities

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Planning to meet federal air quality standards (SIPs) and state standards

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Conduct programs of public education and awareness

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Implement public/private projects to reduce emissions and improve air quality

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Represent and assist local governments in the air quality planning process

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√Carbon Monoxide – attained in 1995 √PM-10 – attained in 1993 √PM-2.5 – never violated

√ 1997 Standard √ 2006 Standard √ 2012 Standard

√Ozone

√ 1-hour standard (125 ppb) – attained in 1987 √ 1997 Standard (84 ppb) – attained in 2009 X2008 Standard (75 ppb) – out of compliance X2015 Standard (70 ppb) – out of compliance

Federal Standards

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14 69 70 71 65 72 71 70 74 73

Map Modified from FHWA (www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/conformity/reference/maps/ozone_2008/co_denver.cfm);

DV

= Design Value (2013-2015)*,** * Data current as of 9/30/2015 ** Orange Exceeds Standard

79 79 77

2013-2015 Design Values

Monitor 2013-2015 Design Value (ppb)* Welby 71 Aurora East 69 South Boulder Creek 74 CAMP 65 La Casa 69 Chatfield State Park 79 Welch 73 Rocky Flats 79 NREL 80 Aspen Park 70 Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park 70 Fort Collins - West 77 Fort Collins - CSU 71 Greeley - Weld Tower 72

 = Denver Regional Council

• f Governments (DRCOG)

 = North Front Range Metropolitan

Planning Organization (NFRMPO) = 8-Hour Ozone 2008 Standard Nonattainment Area

69 80

2008 Ozone Standard – 75 ppb

♦ Established by EPA in March 2008 ♦ Denver/NFR area designated Marginal

nonattainment area in 2012

♦ Region failed to attain standard as required by

July 2015

♦ Region will be “bumped up” to Moderate Area

by EPA

♦ New air quality plan (SIP) due in 2017 ♦ RAQC, CDPHE, and AQCC are in process of

developing the plan

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Status of Initial 2008 Nonattainment Areas

46 Areas Nationwide

Marginal: Bump-Up (Not Attaining based on 2012-14 data) 11 areas Atlanta, GA El Centro, CA New York-New Jersey, NY-NJ Bakersfield, CA Grass Valley, CA Phoenix, AZ Chicago, IL Hartford, CT San Diego, CA Denver/North Front Range, CO Mariposa County, CA Marginal: 1-yr. Extension (based on 2014 data) 8 areas Cleveland, OH Pittsburgh, PA Sheboygan, WI Houston, TX

• St. Louis, MO

Washington-Arlington, DC-VA Philadelphia, PA San Luis Obispo, CA Marginal: Attained by July 20, 2015 (based on 2012-14 data) 17 areas Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ Columbus, OH Reading, PA Baton Rouge, LA Dukes County, MA Red Bluff, CA Calaveras County, CA Jamestown, NY Rock Springs, WY Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Knoxville, TN San Francisco-Oakland, CA Chico, CA Lancaster, PA Seaford, DE Cincinnati, OH Memphis, TN Moderate and Above (2018+ Attainment Date) 10 areas Baltimore, MD Morongo Band of Mission Indians, CA Oxnard, CA Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Riverside-San Bernardino, CA Los Angeles-San Bernardino, CA Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians, CA Sacramento, CA Los Angeles-South Coast Basin, CA San Joaquin, CA

New 2015 Ozone Standard - 70 ppb

♦ CAA section 109(d) requires EPA to review the scientific

information and National Ambient Air Quality Standards every five years.

♦ In setting NAAQS, EPA may not consider cost. (Whitman v.

American Trucking Associations, 531 U.S. 457, 473 (2001))

♦ EPA was under court order to review standard by December

1, 2014 and finalize decision by October 1, 2015.

♦ EPA proposed a standard range between 65-70 ppb in Dec.

2014

♦ EPA Administrator issued the final standard of 70 ppb on

• Oct. 1, 2015

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Statewide Ozone Status

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2014

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National Projections for 2015 Ozone Standard

Source: EPA - http://ozoneairqualitystandards.epa.gov/OAR_OAQPS/OzoneSliderApp/index.html; based on 2012-2014 data

2015 Standard Implementation

① Standard finalized at 70 ppb – Oct. 2015 ② State recommendations on area designations due Oct. 2016

• EPA issued guidance on this process in early 2016

③ EPA finalize area designations/classifications by Oct. 2017 ④ Marginal Area attainment date – Oct. 2020 ⑤ Moderate Area attainment date – Oct. 2023 (New SIP due Oct. 2020)

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① ② ③ ⑤ ④

Legal Challenges to 2015 Standard

♦ Some states and business groups have challenged

the standard in court as being too stringent

♦ Other states and environmental/public health

groups have challenged the standard as not being stringent enough

♦ In the meantime, EPA and the states are moving

forward with the process to implement the standard

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Annual Visibility In Denver

Source: Air Pollution Control Division (APCD) – 2013 Air Quality Data Report

Progression of EPA Ozone Standard

8-Hour Ozone Trend and Federal Standards

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8-Hour Ozone Standard: Based on a three-year average of the annual forth-highest daily 8-hour maximum ozone concentration.

84 83 86 81 83 87 84 82 81 85 86 82 78 78 82 83 82

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

8-Hour Ozone (ppb)

Year

Annual 4th Highest Daily Maximu m 8-Hour Ozone (ppb) 3-Year Average 4th Max (Regional Design Value)

1997 8-Hour Ozone Standard <85 ppb 2008 8-Hour Ozone Standard ≤ 75 ppb

Range Proposed by EPA for 2015 Standard