Overview of Global Green Programs and Volatile Organic Compounds - - PDF document

▶
overview of global green programs and volatile organic
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Overview of Global Green Programs and Volatile Organic Compounds - - PDF document

Dec 21, 2023 214 likes •400 views

ASC Webinar July 23, 2009 Structure Structure 1. Introduction & background of speaker 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination Overview of Global Green Programs and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 3. Determination of VOC

slide-1
SLIDE 1

1 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Overview of Global Green Programs and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Measurement Techniques By Reinhard Oppl, Eurofins Product Testing A/S Denmark, Germany, France, California

ASC Webinar – July 23, 2009

2 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

3 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

4 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

History History Eurofins Eurofins

  • Started in Nantes / France 1987 with Wine Testing (SNIF-NMR)
  • Expanded to Food Testing (origin of food, GMO in cans, etc.)
  • Acquired a number of other labs, now 4 divisions:
  • Food - pharma - environment - product testing
  • Still expanding by acquisition
  • Headquarters in Brussels
  • Noted at stock exchange (Paris, Frankfurt)
  • 8000 employees in 30 countries, over 150 laboratories,
  • 800 million USD / 630 million EUR turnover in 2008
  • Eurofins Product Testing A/S, Galten / Denmark
  • 40 employees, 5 million USD / 4 million EUR turnover in 2008
  • Testing portfolio: Hazardous ingredients, migration, consulting, REACH, GHS
  • VOC emission chamber testing: World market leader
  • Reinhard Oppl:
  • Director VOC Testing for Eurofins Product Testing A/S, Galten / Denmark
  • world-wide responsible for that market segment
slide-2
SLIDE 2

5 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Global presence (Product Testing) Global presence (Product Testing)

Laboratory Sales Office

6 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Oslo Copenhagen Galten Stockholm

Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

Galten Galten, Denmark , Denmark close to Arhus close to Arhus Airports: Airports:

  • Arhus AAR (via Copenhagen)

Arhus AAR (via Copenhagen)

  • Billund

Billund BLL BLL

Train: Train:

  • Direction Arhus to

Direction Arhus to Skanderborg Skanderborg

  • from Copenhagen 3 h

from Copenhagen 3 h

  • from Hamburg 6

from Hamburg 6-

  • 7 h

7 h

Car: Car:

  • from

from Billund Billund 1 1½ ½ h h

  • from Copenhagen 3 h

from Copenhagen 3 h

  • from Hamburg 3 h

from Hamburg 3 h 7

www.product-testing.eurofins.com

History History Eurofins Eurofins Reinhard Oppl:

  • Director VOC Testing for Eurofins Product Testing A/S, Galten /

Denmark - world-wide responsibility for that market segment

  • Member of Technical Council of GEV

(operating the EMICODE label of European adhesive industries)

  • Member of CEN TC 351 WG2

(developing new testing standard for VOC emissions from construction products)

  • Member of US GBC Technical Advisory Group “Indoor

Environmental Quality”

  • Member of BIFMA FES working group on ANSI/BIFMA M7.1

standard for VOC emissions from office furniture

  • and more …

8 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED
slide-3
SLIDE 3

9 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

NO DIRECT CORRELATION between content and emission NO DIRECT CORRELATION between content and emission

  • Content in the product

Content in the product

  • Calculated or tested

Calculated or tested

  • Emissions at a give time depend on:

Emissions at a give time depend on:

  • % content in product, partial pressure, matrix effect

% content in product, partial pressure, matrix effect

  • Emission into air

Emission into air Measurement in test chambers that simulate Measurement in test chambers that simulate

  • typical conditions of use, or

typical conditions of use, or

  • worst

worst-

  • case conditions

case conditions

  • Migration into food, skin etc.

Migration into food, skin etc. VOC VOC – – in products, and released in products, and released

10 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

11 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Purpose: Protection of atmosphere, not Indoor Air Quality Purpose: Protection of atmosphere, not Indoor Air Quality

  • Traditional:

Traditional: Determination of all volatiles, incl. water Determination of all volatiles, incl. water

  • Weight difference after 1h at 110

Weight difference after 1h at 110 ° °C C

  • Subtraction of water and of non

Subtraction of water and of non-

  • ozone
  • zone-
  • depleting VOC

depleting VOC ( (“ “exempt compounds exempt compounds” ”) )

  • SCAQMD rule 1168, SCAQMD methods 304/303,

SCAQMD rule 1168, SCAQMD methods 304/303, ASTM D2369 & D3960, EPA method 24, ISO 11890 ASTM D2369 & D3960, EPA method 24, ISO 11890-

  • 1

1

  • LEED IEQ credit 4.1

LEED IEQ credit 4.1

  • More recent:

More recent: Determination of VOC Determination of VOC

  • Dilution with solvent, gas chromatography

Dilution with solvent, gas chromatography

  • Green Seal GS

Green Seal GS-

  • 11, ASTM D6886, EU

11, ASTM D6886, EU Decopaint Decopaint Directive, Directive, ISO 11890 ISO 11890-

  • 2, Blue Angel

2, Blue Angel

  • EU: VOC all substances with boiling point max 250

EU: VOC all substances with boiling point max 250° °C, C, USA: up to max 280 USA: up to max 280 ° °C C

VOC VOC – – content determination content determination -

  • I

I

12 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Example of limit values (LEED 2009, CI, credit IEQ 4.1) Example of limit values (LEED 2009, CI, credit IEQ 4.1) VOC VOC – – content determination content determination -

  • II

II

slide-4
SLIDE 4

13 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Technical impact of both testing principles Technical impact of both testing principles

  • Traditional:

Traditional: Determination of all volatiles, incl. water Determination of all volatiles, incl. water

  • Can be calculated instead of tested

Can be calculated instead of tested

  • Weight difference after drying = easy test

Weight difference after drying = easy test

  • (Water determination, exempt compounds more sophisticated)

(Water determination, exempt compounds more sophisticated)

  • More recent:

More recent: Determination of VOC by GC Determination of VOC by GC

  • Needs lab testing, but no water content test required

Needs lab testing, but no water content test required

  • Same analysis also good enough for exempt compounds

Same analysis also good enough for exempt compounds

  • Both

Both – – take care: take care:

  • Different US States may have different limit values

Different US States may have different limit values

  • Different lists of exempt compounds are in use

Different lists of exempt compounds are in use

  • In Europe,

In Europe, no no subtraction of neither water nor exempt compounds subtraction of neither water nor exempt compounds

VOC VOC – – content determination content determination -

  • III

III

14 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

15 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • VOC emissions may be tested for

VOC emissions may be tested for

  • Compliance with legal requirements

Compliance with legal requirements

  • e.g. REACH documentation

e.g. REACH documentation

  • Application for voluntary labels (like EMICODE)

Application for voluntary labels (like EMICODE)

  • Compliance with customer requirements

Compliance with customer requirements (LEED, clean rooms, car and aircraft industry) (LEED, clean rooms, car and aircraft industry)

  • Internal purposes

Internal purposes Emissions testing Emissions testing

16 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Evaluation, e.g. by emissions test, standard schedule:

Evaluation, e.g. by emissions test, standard schedule:

  • after 1 or 3 days (early exposure, renovation) and

after 1 or 3 days (early exposure, renovation) and

  • after 10 or 14 or after 28 days (long

after 10 or 14 or after 28 days (long-

  • term exposure)

term exposure)

  • Deviations may occur, e.g.

Deviations may occur, e.g. Greenguard Greenguard: Test after 7 days : Test after 7 days

Emission over Time Emission over Time

Example of a decay Example of a decay curve curve

Days Days Emissions Emissions

slide-5
SLIDE 5

17 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Simulation of a small room of 7 m Simulation of a small room of 7 m² ² and 2.5 m height and 2.5 m height

  • Size: up to 120

Size: up to 120 -

  • 240 litres and more

240 litres and more

  • FLEC cell: very small, higher air velocity

FLEC cell: very small, higher air velocity

  • Microchamber

Microchamber: 3 or 40 ml : 3 or 40 ml

  • Temperature: 23

Temperature: 23 ° °C (but Japan: 28 C (but Japan: 28 ° °C, Korea: 25 C, Korea: 25 ° °C) C)

  • Relative Humidity (50 %)

Relative Humidity (50 %)

  • Air exchange / Loading = Area Specific Flow Rate

Air exchange / Loading = Area Specific Flow Rate

  • For flooring and adhesives (as an example):

For flooring and adhesives (as an example):

  • Air exchange = 0.5/h

Air exchange = 0.5/h

  • Loading = 0.4 m

Loading = 0.4 m² ²/m /m³ ³

  • Area Specific Flow Rate 1.25 m

Area Specific Flow Rate 1.25 m³ ³/(m /(m² ²xh) = 1.25 xh) = 1.25 m/h m/h

  • Air speed 10 mm above test specimen: 0.1

Air speed 10 mm above test specimen: 0.1 – – 0.3 0.3 m/s m/s Emission Test Chamber Emission Test Chamber

18 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Emission Testing: VOC, formaldehyde Emission Testing: VOC, formaldehyde … …

VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds: Solvents, plasticisers, ... VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds: Solvents, plasticisers, ...

19 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Test chambers Test chambers -

  • I

I

Photo: Photo: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

20 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Test chamber Test chamber with samples with samples and test and test specimen specimen

(cans and trowel (cans and trowel placed in chamber placed in chamber

  • nly for
  • nly for

demonstration demonstration purposes) purposes)

Test chambers Test chambers -

  • II

II

Photo: Photo: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

slide-6
SLIDE 6

21 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Asian ADPAC Asian ADPAC test chamber test chamber and and seal box seal box JIS A 1901 JIS A 1901 KS M 0000 KS M 0000-

  • 2

2

Test chambers Test chambers -

  • III

III

22 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

FLEC FLEC Field and Field and Laboratory Laboratory Materials Materials Emissions cell Emissions cell ISO 16000 ISO 16000-

  • 10

10

FLEC FLEC

23 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Markes Markes Microchamber Microchamber Volume: 3 ml or 40 ml Volume: 3 ml or 40 ml 23 23 -

  • 120

120 ° °C C

VOC: Other Testing Techniques VOC: Other Testing Techniques

Headspace Headspace GC GC Gerstel Gerstel Thermal Thermal Extractor Extractor 23 23 -

  • 350

350 ° °C C

Air Air

Photos: Photos: Eurofins Eurofins Environment A/S Environment A/S Photos: Photos: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

24 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Distribution Distribution

  • f adhesive
  • f adhesive

with a notched with a notched trowel trowel

Adhesives Adhesives

Photo: Photo: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

slide-7
SLIDE 7

25 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Application Application

  • f a cement
  • f a cement
  • n a glass
  • n a glass

plate with a plate with a frame (3 mm) frame (3 mm)

  • similar for

similar for gypsum gypsum

Cement, gypsum Cement, gypsum

Photo: Photo: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

26 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

2 2 Tenax Tenax TA TA tubes tubes in series in series 2 tubes sets in 2 tubes sets in parallel parallel

= 4 tubes per = 4 tubes per analysis analysis

Photo: Photo: Eurofins Eurofins Product Testing A/S Product Testing A/S

Air sampling from test chamber outlet Air sampling from test chamber outlet

27 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

GC/MS: GC/MS: VOC, TVOC VOC, TVOC HPLC: HPLC: Aldehydes Aldehydes, , isocyanates isocyanates

GCMS GCMS

Photo, data: Photo, data: Markes Markes International International

Analyses Analyses

28 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • ISO 16000:

ISO 16000:

  • Part 3 (

Part 3 (Aldehydes Aldehydes) )

  • Part 6 (VOC; TVOC)

Part 6 (VOC; TVOC)

  • Part 9 (chamber) (earlier: EN 13419

Part 9 (chamber) (earlier: EN 13419-

  • 1)

1)

  • Part 10 (FLEC) (earlier: EN 13419

Part 10 (FLEC) (earlier: EN 13419-

  • 2)

2)

  • Part 11 (Test specimen) (earlier: EN 13419

Part 11 (Test specimen) (earlier: EN 13419-

  • 3)

3)

  • EN 717

EN 717-

  • 1 Formaldehyde testing for E1

1 Formaldehyde testing for E1

  • Not really applicable to adhesives and sealants,

Not really applicable to adhesives and sealants, nevertheless used sometimes nevertheless used sometimes

  • USA: Section 01350, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1,

USA: Section 01350, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1, ASTM D5116 and more ASTM standards ASTM D5116 and more ASTM standards

  • Japan: JIS A 1901

Japan: JIS A 1901 International standards International standards

slide-8
SLIDE 8

29 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • What you get is:

What you get is: Chamber air concentration at given time Chamber air concentration at given time µ µg/m g/m³ ³

  • Calculate emission rate per area

Calculate emission rate per area µ µg/m g/m² ²h h (or per mass, or per device) (or per mass, or per device)

  • Calculate contribution to air concentration

Calculate contribution to air concentration µ µg/m g/m³ ³ in model room or in real room (source strength) in model room or in real room (source strength)

  • Consider ageing, coverage, adsorption, other sources

Consider ageing, coverage, adsorption, other sources

  • Consider limited precision

Consider limited precision Significance of test result Significance of test result

30 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Volatile organic compounds VOC Volatile organic compounds VOC

  • Various definitions are used today

Various definitions are used today

  • Conventional method (ISO 16000

Conventional method (ISO 16000-

  • 6), VOC = n

6), VOC = n-

  • C6

C6 – – n n-

  • C16

C16

  • Adsorption on

Adsorption on Tenax Tenax TA / thermal desorption / GC/MS TA / thermal desorption / GC/MS

  • Calibration as toluene equivalent, or as sum of all VOC

Calibration as toluene equivalent, or as sum of all VOC

  • Separate analyses are required for

Separate analyses are required for

  • Formaldehyde, other

Formaldehyde, other aldehydes aldehydes, ,

  • Ammonia,

Ammonia, isocyanates isocyanates … …

  • Methanol, other VVOC

Methanol, other VVOC

  • Results (single VOC, TVOC) are expressed in terms of:

Results (single VOC, TVOC) are expressed in terms of:

  • Concentration in test chamber air

Concentration in test chamber air

  • Emission rate / emission factor (per m

Emission rate / emission factor (per m² ² and per hour) and per hour)

  • Contribution to air concentration of a model room

Contribution to air concentration of a model room

  • % of LCI, R value, % of CREL,

% of LCI, R value, % of CREL, … …

31 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Eurofins emission tests are accepted by:

  • DIBt, Germany (floorings)
  • VOC regulations and AFSSET,

France (several building products)

  • M1, Finland

(all building products)

  • Blue Angel, Germany

(many different products)

  • Umweltzeichen, Austria

(many different products)

  • Indoor Air Comfort, Europe

(several products)

  • Danish Indoor Climate Label

(many building products)

  • Nordic Ecolabel ("Swan")

(several building products)

  • GuT, Europe (carpets)
  • EMICODE, Europe

(adhesives, sealants and more)

  • CertiPUR, Europe (PUR foam)
  • CertiPUR US (PUR foam)
  • California Section 01350

(many building products + furniture)

  • FloorScore, USA (floorings)
  • BIFMA, USA (office furniture)
  • Indoor Advantage, USA

(several building products)

  • {CRI, USA} (carpets)
  • Green Label, Hong Kong

(several building products)

{ } - Eurofins approval under negotiation 32 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED
slide-9
SLIDE 9

33 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • LEED Indoor Environmental Quality credit 4.1,

LEED Indoor Environmental Quality credit 4.1, Adhesives and sealants Adhesives and sealants

  • VOC content determination (SCAQMD)

VOC content determination (SCAQMD)

  • Exception: LEED for Schools

Exception: LEED for Schools – – VOC emissions, Section 01350 VOC emissions, Section 01350

  • LEED 2011, expected change to VOC emissions, Section 01350

LEED 2011, expected change to VOC emissions, Section 01350

  • Green Building Initiative

Green Building Initiative

  • Final draft ANSI/GBI 01

Final draft ANSI/GBI 01-

  • 200XP:

200XP:

  • VOC content determination (SCAQMD)

VOC content determination (SCAQMD)

  • Extra points for VOC emissions determination

Extra points for VOC emissions determination

  • Green Seal: VOC content

Green Seal: VOC content

  • FloorScore

FloorScore, CRI Green Label, , CRI Green Label, Greenguard Greenguard: :

  • VOC emissions, different criteria and testing schedules

VOC emissions, different criteria and testing schedules

Approaches in USA Approaches in USA

34 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • VOC contents for USA and for LEED. Test methods:

VOC contents for USA and for LEED. Test methods:

  • SCAQMD rule 1168, SCAQMD methods 304 + 303,

SCAQMD rule 1168, SCAQMD methods 304 + 303, EPA method 24, ASTM D2356 EPA method 24, ASTM D2356

  • If EU

If EU Decopaint Decopaint Directive expands its scope to adhesives, then a Directive expands its scope to adhesives, then a gas chromatographic determination will be specified (ISO 11890 gas chromatographic determination will be specified (ISO 11890-

  • 2)

2)

  • Emission of VOC, formaldehyde

Emission of VOC, formaldehyde

  • After 28 days (France, M1)

After 28 days (France, M1)

  • After 3+28 days (AFSSET, Blue Angel,

After 3+28 days (AFSSET, Blue Angel, AgBB AgBB) )

  • After 10 days (EMICODE)

After 10 days (EMICODE)

  • After 11+12+14 days (Section 01350) or 1+14 days (CRI GLP)

After 11+12+14 days (Section 01350) or 1+14 days (CRI GLP)

  • For classification systems and labels:

For classification systems and labels:

  • EMICODE, M1, Blue Angel, French regulation, Section 01350, Floor

EMICODE, M1, Blue Angel, French regulation, Section 01350, Floor Score, CRI GLP, Score, CRI GLP, Greenguard Greenguard, BREEAM , BREEAM

Adhesives and Sealants Testing Adhesives and Sealants Testing

35 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Reference rooms Reference rooms – – Comparison Comparison

ISO 16000-9 New CEN standard CA

  • ffice

CA classroom Floor m² 7 12 11.1 89.2 Height m 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 Volume m³ 17.4 30 30.6 231 Temperature ° C 23 23 23 23 Relative Humidity % 50 50 50 50 Effective air change / h 0.5 0.5 0.675 0.81

36 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Testing program Testing program – – Comparison Comparison

EMICODE Blue Angel, France Section 1350 FloorScore Greenguard CRI GLP Testing, days 1 + 10 3 + 28 11+12+14 ½+1+2+3+4+7 CRI: 1+14 Reference room ISO/CEN CEN CA office + CA classroom GG office + GG classroom Ventilation in test, ach 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 Reference method EMICODE / ISO 16000 ISO 16000 Section 1350 Greenguard Lab quality requirements ISO 17025 acc. + proficiency t. ISO 17025 accredited None Approved against AQS License fee Membership 2500 – 5000 € BA: % of sales France: None None Calculated individually

slide-10
SLIDE 10

37 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Today different tests are needed,

Today different tests are needed, although covering the same process (emission) although covering the same process (emission)

  • Testing labs need to jump between very similar

Testing labs need to jump between very similar methods day in, day out methods day in, day out

  • Difficult to have large homogenous testing series in

Difficult to have large homogenous testing series in a laboratory when specifications are too different a laboratory when specifications are too different

  • Lower acceptance and lower use of voluntary labels

Lower acceptance and lower use of voluntary labels are a consequence (for cost reasons) are a consequence (for cost reasons)

  • Main differences:

Main differences:

  • Ventilation rate, loading factor, time schedule,

Ventilation rate, loading factor, time schedule, evaluation criteria (limit values) evaluation criteria (limit values)

Unnecessary costs Unnecessary costs from variety of test protocols from variety of test protocols

Harmonisation of test protocols Harmonisation of test protocols

38 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Combination of different tests, example: Combination of different tests, example:

Test Test Parameter Parameter AgBB AgBB DIBt DIBt AFSSET AFSSET French law French law Blue Angel Blue Angel Section Section 1350 1350 M1 M1

TVOC 3 d TVOC 3 d X X X X X X (11 + 12 d) (11 + 12 d) TVOC 28 d TVOC 28 d X X X X X X X X (14 d) (14 d) X X TSVOC TSVOC 28 d 28 d X X X X (11 + 12 d) (11 + 12 d) Aldehydes Aldehydes 28 d 28 d X X X X X X X X (14 d) (14 d) X X LCI LCI X X X X individual individual limits limits X X CREL CREL R value R value X X X X X X VOC VOC without LCI without LCI X X X X X X

39 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

40 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Outrage caused by consumer organisations

Outrage caused by consumer organisations

  • European commission:

European commission:

  • Regulation of VOC in consumer products, in paints,

Regulation of VOC in consumer products, in paints, … …

  • CEN TC 351 on emission testing under Construction

CEN TC 351 on emission testing under Construction Products Directive CPD, Eurofins is participating Products Directive CPD, Eurofins is participating

  • Each country in Europe acts on its own

Each country in Europe acts on its own

  • VOC emissions regulated in Germany and in France

VOC emissions regulated in Germany and in France

  • Voluntary Quality Labels for Low Emissions

Voluntary Quality Labels for Low Emissions

  • Tendency towards harmonisation of testing schedule and

Tendency towards harmonisation of testing schedule and technique (ISO 16000) technique (ISO 16000)

  • TVOC will be limited (Total VOCs), so will carcinogenic VOCs

TVOC will be limited (Total VOCs), so will carcinogenic VOCs

  • LCI approach will be used as limit values for individual VOCs

LCI approach will be used as limit values for individual VOCs (see later slides) (see later slides)

  • Controversies on including semi

Controversies on including semi-

  • volatiles, and odour criteria

volatiles, and odour criteria

Developments in Europe Developments in Europe

slide-11
SLIDE 11

41 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

German and French VOC restrictions German and French VOC restrictions for building products for building products — — French VOC regulations French VOC regulations — — AgBB and DIBt AgBB and DIBt — — French AFSSET approach French AFSSET approach

Europe Europe

42 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Ordinances issued by French government

Ordinances issued by French government

  • Relevant only for sales in France

Relevant only for sales in France

  • Covering all construction and decorative products

Covering all construction and decorative products

  • 4 CMR VOC: Benzene, Trichloroethylene, DEHP, DBP

4 CMR VOC: Benzene, Trichloroethylene, DEHP, DBP

  • No emission higher than 1

No emission higher than 1 µ µg/m g/m³ ³ after 28 days allowed after 28 days allowed

  • In force in 2010 (Jan 1

In force in 2010 (Jan 1st

st)

)

  • Compulsory emissions labels

Compulsory emissions labels

  • 1st label = TVOC emission class

1st label = TVOC emission class

  • 2nd label = worst emission class of 11 target VOCs

2nd label = worst emission class of 11 target VOCs

  • Details will be published late 2009

Details will be published late 2009

  • In force during 2011

In force during 2011 -

  • 2014

2014

French VOC emissions regulation French VOC emissions regulation

43 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • AgBB = Task force of German authorities:

AgBB = Task force of German authorities: Health Health-

  • related evaluation of construction products

related evaluation of construction products

  • 3 + 28 days emission chamber test

3 + 28 days emission chamber test

  • Developed from ECA report # 18

Developed from ECA report # 18

  • Voluntary basic concept

Voluntary basic concept

  • Binding use by DIBt for authorisation before entry into

Binding use by DIBt for authorisation before entry into German market ( German market (Ü Ü mark) mark)

  • Floor coverings with CE mark (EN 14041) for use in

Floor coverings with CE mark (EN 14041) for use in “ “locations where prolonged stay of humans may occur locations where prolonged stay of humans may occur” ”

  • Planned: More products

Planned: More products

  • Promoted towards European Commission

Promoted towards European Commission

  • Same approach may become an element of CE marking of

Same approach may become an element of CE marking of several several “ “mandated mandated” ” construction products construction products

AgBB assessment scheme AgBB assessment scheme

44 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • AFSSET = Task force of French authorities:

AFSSET = Task force of French authorities: Procedure for emission characterisation Procedure for emission characterisation

  • f construction products, 2006
  • f construction products, 2006
  • 3+28 days emission chamber test

3+28 days emission chamber test

  • Developed from ECA report # 18 and from AgBB

Developed from ECA report # 18 and from AgBB

  • Voluntary basic concept

Voluntary basic concept

  • Binding use not foreseen, only aimed at voluntary use

Binding use not foreseen, only aimed at voluntary use

  • First described for solid products used indoors

First described for solid products used indoors

  • Adaptation planned in autumn 2009

Adaptation planned in autumn 2009 for furniture and for liquid products for furniture and for liquid products AFSSET assessment scheme AFSSET assessment scheme

slide-12
SLIDE 12

45 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • After 3 days:

After 3 days: Restriction of emission of Restriction of emission of

  • TVOC

TVOC

  • Carcinogenic VOC

Carcinogenic VOC

  • After 28 days:

After 28 days: "Health "Health-

  • related evaluation": Restriction of emission of

related evaluation": Restriction of emission of

  • TVOC

TVOC

  • Aldehydes

Aldehydes

  • Carcinogenic VOC

Carcinogenic VOC

  • Individual VOCs , see next slide :

Individual VOCs , see next slide :

  • LCI/NIK/CLI values, R value, VOC without LCI

LCI/NIK/CLI values, R value, VOC without LCI

  • TSVOC (only for AgBB)

TSVOC (only for AgBB)

  • (planned:) Odour testing

(planned:) Odour testing AgBB and AFSSET AgBB and AFSSET – – procedure procedure

46 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Evaluation criteria for single VOC

Evaluation criteria for single VOC

  • German LCI / NIK regular update

German LCI / NIK regular update

  • LCI derived from OEL by division with 100,

LCI derived from OEL by division with 100,

  • r with 1000 in case of C3 substances
  • r with 1000 in case of C3 substances
  • French LCI / CLI, next update late 2009

French LCI / CLI, next update late 2009

  • Same procedure, but also using indoor air limit values

Same procedure, but also using indoor air limit values

  • A number of significantly lower CLI than German NIK values

A number of significantly lower CLI than German NIK values

  • R value (

R value (Σ Σ (conc(i) / LCI (i)) ) < 1 (< 100% of all LCI) (conc(i) / LCI (i)) ) < 1 (< 100% of all LCI)

  • VOC without published LCI are restricted

VOC without published LCI are restricted

  • Bad examples dodecene, benzothiazole

Bad examples dodecene, benzothiazole

  • Non

Non-

  • identified compounds are included into restriction of

identified compounds are included into restriction of VOC without LCI VOC without LCI

AgBB and AFSSET AgBB and AFSSET – – evaluation evaluation

47 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • AgBB more or less copied:

AgBB more or less copied:

  • GUT, Blue Angel, Natureplus, former prEN 15052, ISO/DIS 10580

GUT, Blue Angel, Natureplus, former prEN 15052, ISO/DIS 10580

  • Other approaches with single VOCs evaluation:

Other approaches with single VOCs evaluation:

  • French VOC regulation: Few single VOC limit values

French VOC regulation: Few single VOC limit values

  • CHPS (California), FloorScore (US):

CHPS (California), FloorScore (US): C C-

  • REL as evaluation criteria

REL as evaluation criteria

  • Greenguard, CRI (US): C

Greenguard, CRI (US): C-

  • REL and OEL/10

REL and OEL/10

  • Danish DICL:

Danish DICL: ½ ½ odour and

  • dour and ½

½ irritation threshold irritation threshold

  • Without evaluation of single VOCs:

Without evaluation of single VOCs:

  • Finland, EMICODE, Nordic ecolabel

Finland, EMICODE, Nordic ecolabel

C C-

  • REL: Chronic Reference Exposure Limit, Californian EPA

REL: Chronic Reference Exposure Limit, Californian EPA OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit, several national lists OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit, several national lists

AgBB and AFSSET AgBB and AFSSET – – other

  • ther

48 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED
slide-13
SLIDE 13

49 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Today: VOC content determination is sufficient

Today: VOC content determination is sufficient

  • In future: VOC emissions will be asked for

In future: VOC emissions will be asked for

  • As already done for LEED for schools

As already done for LEED for schools

  • As already done by GBI

As already done by GBI

  • LEED outside the USA:

LEED outside the USA:

  • Normally just a copy of US GBC criteria

Normally just a copy of US GBC criteria

  • Examples: GBC Italia, Emirates GBC, GBC Australia

Examples: GBC Italia, Emirates GBC, GBC Australia

  • Emission testing in the USA:

Emission testing in the USA:

  • 3 main US labs as of today

3 main US labs as of today

  • Competition hindered by Greenguard and CRI

Competition hindered by Greenguard and CRI

  • No quality check by independent round robin tests available

No quality check by independent round robin tests available

  • Europe made excellent experience with such comparisons

Europe made excellent experience with such comparisons

LEED LEED

50 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

TVOC Reproducibility within Eurofins Laboratory: 6 Flooring Samples in 2 Test Chambers each (µg/m³)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2

Within lab reproducibility Within lab reproducibility

A - F: Different samples. 1, 2: Two test specimens taken from same sample.

51 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Reproducibility Reproducibility – – 20 labs 20 labs

1 lab did not report a TVOC

TVOC 2nd GEV Round Robin Test - 1 test adhesive

TVOC GE V (Results of Participants)

200 400 600 800

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Participants

µg/m³

Limit 500 µg/m³

52 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Reproducibility Reproducibility – – Single substances Single substances

  • 2. GEV Round Robin Test

Ethylene glycol: 20 labs testing ONE adhesive 100 200 300 400 500 G J O R W T X M E V U L P H Q D S I F Y µg/m³

6 Labs found NOTHING 14 Labs: 12 to 470 µg/m³

Participants

slide-14
SLIDE 14

53 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Differences between labs:

  • Minor contribution of
  • Sample preparation
  • Chamber device used
  • Analytical device used
  • Main problem shown to be:
  • Correct identification, with impact on:
  • Applying correct calibration factor (RRF)
  • Calculation of single substances
  • Calculation of sum parameters like TVOC
  • Core factor: Experience of the lab

Core factor: Experience of the lab

  • Analytical prescriptions in public standards

should be much more detailed ! Reproducibility Reproducibility in in Round Robin Tests Round Robin Tests

54 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Reliability of test results:
  • Variation +/- 20 % (RSD) around mean value

for duplicate chamber testing guaranteed within one lab (but sometimes much better)

  • Low concentration = higher uncertainty

(because of weaker MS signal)

  • Variation +/- 50% (RSD) around mean value

between different labs (RSD)

  • Could be improved to +/- 20-30% in Germany

(for DIBt approved labs)

VOC, SVOC test reproducibility VOC, SVOC test reproducibility

55 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Essential issues of quality and reliable test results: Public availability of test method Validation of test method Clear quality criteria for testing laboratories ISO 17025 accreditation of test lab

with VOC emission testing included in scope of the accreditation (important!) ISO 9001 certification is not good enough

Successful participation of labs in public proficiency testing Competition between testing labs Quality of testing Quality of testing

56 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Structure Structure

  • 1. Introduction & background of speaker
  • 2. VOC content vs. VOC emissions determination
  • 3. Determination of VOC content
  • 4. Determination of VOC emissions
  • 5. Comparison of approaches within USA, and with Europe
  • 6. Information for those with European interests
  • 7. Conclusions regarding LEED

THE END, but one hint:

slide-15
SLIDE 15

57 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

For more technical details: For more technical details:

www.product www.product-

  • testing.eurofins.com

testing.eurofins.com – – email: ReinhardOppl@eurofins.com email: ReinhardOppl@eurofins.com

58 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

Spare Slides to be shown possibly during discussion

59 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • 3 approaches

3 approaches

  • Prevention: Limit any emission

Prevention: Limit any emission -

  • then no specific problems will

then no specific problems will

  • ccur (Total VOC limitation)
  • ccur (Total VOC limitation)
  • Limit only VOC with irritating and odorous properties

Limit only VOC with irritating and odorous properties

  • Define limit values for VOC based on their specific properties

Define limit values for VOC based on their specific properties

  • Additional requirement: No carcinogens detectable

Additional requirement: No carcinogens detectable

(but not all carcinogens are detected with VOC test) (but not all carcinogens are detected with VOC test)

Limitation of VOC emission Limitation of VOC emission

60 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Limit values for VOC based on their specific properties

Limit values for VOC based on their specific properties

  • LCI, NIK, CLI (ECA report, AgBB, AFSSET)

LCI, NIK, CLI (ECA report, AgBB, AFSSET)

  • Find OEL, divide by safety factors:

Find OEL, divide by safety factors:

  • 10 for longer exposure than 8 hours

10 for longer exposure than 8 hours

  • 10 for sensitive population

10 for sensitive population

  • 10 for suspected carcinogens (C3)

10 for suspected carcinogens (C3)

  • Additional information from WHO, UBA, AFSSET

Additional information from WHO, UBA, AFSSET

  • California: C

California: C-

  • REL values

REL values (Chronic inhalation reference emission limits) (Chronic inhalation reference emission limits) VOC limit values VOC limit values

slide-16
SLIDE 16

61 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Stop test earlier than after 28 days; decisions:

Stop test earlier than after 28 days; decisions:

  • After 3 days for low emission carpets

After 3 days for low emission carpets if all parameters < 1/3 of 28 days criteria if all parameters < 1/3 of 28 days criteria

  • After 3 + 7 days for low emission flooring

After 3 + 7 days for low emission flooring if all parameters < 1/2 of 28 days criteria and if all parameters < 1/2 of 28 days criteria and if no parameter shows increase if no parameter shows increase

  • Reliability / reproducibility of the tests: Round

Reliability / reproducibility of the tests: Round-

  • robin tests

robin tests

  • Quantification limit of single VOC:

Quantification limit of single VOC:

  • 1

1 µ µg/m g/m³ ³ for carcinogenic VOCs, else 5 for carcinogenic VOCs, else 5 µ µg/m g/m³ ³

  • How to handle non

How to handle non-

  • identified VOC

identified VOC

  • Check list for detectable carcinogens

Check list for detectable carcinogens

  • DNPH

DNPH-

  • analysis (aldehydes) binding for some products

analysis (aldehydes) binding for some products

  • Odour test still uncertain

Odour test still uncertain AgBB discussion AgBB discussion

62 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Contact DIBt

Contact DIBt

  • Report formulation (recipe)

Report formulation (recipe)

  • Negotiate group authorisation for reducing costs

Negotiate group authorisation for reducing costs

  • 3+28 days emission chamber test

3+28 days emission chamber test

  • Application, authorisation for 5 year period

Application, authorisation for 5 year period

  • Contract with certification body, "

Contract with certification body, "Ü ÜZ Z-

  • Stelle"

Stelle"

  • In

In-

  • factory production monitoring

factory production monitoring

  • Spot tests after

Spot tests after Ü ÜZ body took samples on Z body took samples on-

  • site, 1 x / year

site, 1 x / year

  • Now: 3 days emission chamber test

Now: 3 days emission chamber test

  • In future: Thermal extraction / Microchamber test

In future: Thermal extraction / Microchamber test

  • Eurofins offers both testing and

Eurofins offers both testing and Ü ÜZ certification Z certification DIBt authorisation procedure DIBt authorisation procedure

63 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Criticism:

Criticism:

  • AgBB / AFSSET

AgBB / AFSSET

  • too sophisticated,

too sophisticated,

  • too detailed,

too detailed,

  • too costly

too costly

  • Not enough scientific reasoning

Not enough scientific reasoning

  • Not enough consideration of analytical limitations

Not enough consideration of analytical limitations

  • But probably the guide for future European VOC

But probably the guide for future European VOC emissions limitations emissions limitations

  • Europe

Europe-

  • wide LCI values:

wide LCI values:

  • Highly desirable, but no actor is in sight who could establish

Highly desirable, but no actor is in sight who could establish Europe Europe-

  • wide accepted LCI values

wide accepted LCI values

AgBB and AFSSET AgBB and AFSSET – – future future

64 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Model room ISO / CEN

Model room ISO / CEN Basis: Average European living room Basis: Average European living room

  • ISO: Floor area 7 m

ISO: Floor area 7 m² ², Height 2.5 m, Volume 17.4 m , Height 2.5 m, Volume 17.4 m³ ³

  • Europe / CEN: Floor area 12 m

Europe / CEN: Floor area 12 m² ², Height 2.5 m, , Height 2.5 m, Volume 30 m Volume 30 m³ ³

  • 1 window, 1 door

1 window, 1 door

  • ISO: Wall area 24 m

ISO: Wall area 24 m² ², Sealant area 0.2 m , Sealant area 0.2 m² ²

  • Europe / CEN: Wall area 31 m

Europe / CEN: Wall area 31 m² ², Sealant area 0.2 m , Sealant area 0.2 m² ²

  • 1/2 air change per hour

1/2 air change per hour

  • 23

23 ° °C C

  • 50% relative humidity of supply air

50% relative humidity of supply air

Reference rooms Reference rooms – – ISO / Europe ISO / Europe -

  • I

I

slide-17
SLIDE 17

65 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Loading factor m

Loading factor m² ²/m /m³ ³

(open surface of product per room volume) (open surface of product per room volume)

  • Area specific ventilation rate m

Area specific ventilation rate m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

(air change, divided by loading) (air change, divided by loading)

  • Flooring: 0.4 m

Flooring: 0.4 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 1.25 m / 1.25 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • All walls / ISO: 1.4 m

All walls / ISO: 1.4 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 0.36 m / 0.36 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • All walls / Europe: 1.0 m

All walls / Europe: 1.0 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 0.5 m / 0.5 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • Small surfaces, e.g. a door: 0.05 m

Small surfaces, e.g. a door: 0.05 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 1 m / 1 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • Sealants etc. / ISO: 0.012 m

Sealants etc. / ISO: 0.012 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 44 m / 44 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • Sealants etc. / Europe: 0.007 m

Sealants etc. / Europe: 0.007 m² ²/m /m³ ³ / 71 m / 71 m³ ³/m /m² ²h h

  • Scenarios widely accepted in Europe

Scenarios widely accepted in Europe

with change from ISO to CEN on with change from ISO to CEN on-

  • going

going

Reference rooms Reference rooms – – ISO / Europe ISO / Europe -

  • II

II

66 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Model room CA Section 01350

Model room CA Section 01350 – – office

  • ffice
  • Floor or Ceiling area 11.1 m

Floor or Ceiling area 11.1 m² ²

  • Height 2.7 m, Volume 30.6 m

Height 2.7 m, Volume 30.6 m³ ³

  • Wall area 46.3 m

Wall area 46.3 m² ²

  • Acoustic ceiling panel area 22.3 m

Acoustic ceiling panel area 22.3 m² ²

  • Wall base 1.25 m

Wall base 1.25 m² ²

  • 0.75 air change per hour, 90% ventilated volume,

0.75 air change per hour, 90% ventilated volume, = 0.675 effective air change per hour = 0.675 effective air change per hour

  • 23

23 ° °C C

  • 50% relative humidity of supply air

50% relative humidity of supply air

Reference rooms Reference rooms – – CA Section 1350 CA Section 1350 -

  • I

I

67 www.product-testing.eurofins.com

  • Model room CA Section 01350

Model room CA Section 01350 – – class room class room

  • Floor or Ceiling area 89.2 m

Floor or Ceiling area 89.2 m² ²

  • Height 2.6 m, Volume 231 m

Height 2.6 m, Volume 231 m³ ³

  • Wall area 94.6 m

Wall area 94.6 m² ², Window 4.46 m , Window 4.46 m² ², Door 1.89 m , Door 1.89 m² ²

  • Acoustic ceiling panel area 179 m

Acoustic ceiling panel area 179 m² ²

  • Wall base 9.68 m

Wall base 9.68 m² ²

  • 0.9 air change per hour, 90% ventilated volume,

0.9 air change per hour, 90% ventilated volume, = 0.81 effective air change per hour = 0.81 effective air change per hour

  • 23

23 ° °C C

  • 50% relative humidity of supply air

50% relative humidity of supply air

Reference rooms Reference rooms – – CA Section 1350 CA Section 1350 -

  • II

II