Incorporating Relative Importance selecting a polyphenol production method for agro-waste treatment in an environmental and economic multi-criteria decision making context By: Joshua Sohn, Giovanna Croxatto Vega, Morten Birkved, Stig Irving Olsen Presented by: Joshua Sohn
Overview • Introduction to TEA and LCA • Introduction to MCDA • Application in the assessment of polyphenol extraction technologies 2 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Techno-Economic Assessment - Introduction - Capital Economic Production Expenses model cost - Operational Expenses 3 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Life Cycle Assessment - Introduction Emissions to Air Emissions to Land Inputs Emissions to Water Every process in the life cycle Photo: www.agc-glass.eu 4 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Life Cycle Assessment – Introduction Emissions: The Cause and Efgect Chain Increased Airborne Midpoint Emission of Particles Blown Particle Particles to Air by Wind to City (Impacts) Concentration in City Increase in Endpoint Reduction in Respiratory Life Expectancy (Damages) Disease 5 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Life Cycle Assessment – Introduction The Uncertainty Trade-Ofg Least Uncertainty Least Decision Support Most Uncertainty Most Decision Support We usually stop at midpoint… In part because the uncertanty of the endpoints is too high… But, this, along with the TEA, leaves us with the multiple criteria problem . 6 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Life Cycle Assessment – Introduction The multiple Criteria Problem Idealized Comparison Real Life 6 6 ? 5 5 Environmental Impact 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 Imp. 1 Imp. 1 Imp. 2 Imp. 2 Imp. 3 Imp. 3 Imp. 4 Imp. 4 Imp. 5 Imp. 5 System A System A System B System B System C System C 7 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Multiple-Criteria Decision Assessment (MCDA) Consistent Predictable Transparent Relevant MCDA Introduce impact relavance to make relavant decisions. Photo: https://www.ministryinsights.com/interlocking-pieces/ Adapted from: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Healthcare 2014.03.12 Kwon, Sunhong 8 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Introduction to MCDA: TOPSIS The T echnique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution • Measures idealness: minimizing the Euclidean distance to the ideal solution and Criterion 2 maximizing Euclidean distance to (e.g. Cost) Alt.1 Anti-Ideal the anti-ideal solution Solution • Compensatory : good performance in one criteria can compensate for poor Alt.3 performance in another Ideal Solution Alt.2 Criterion 1 (e.g. GWP) 9 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
Introduction to MCDA: TOPSIS (0.90) Start with an assumption that (0.48) both criteria are in Euros. €6.83 Apply TOPSIS with equal But, what if criterion 2 had 10 weighting times the efgect of criterion 1? Criterion 2 (0.09) (e.g. Cost) Alt.1 Anti-Ideal (0.51) TOPSIS (0.63) Solution (0.72) €3.26 €2.4 Alt.3 Ideal Solution Alt.2 Alt.1 Alt.2 Alt.3 Criterion 1 (e.g. GWP) 10 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
MCDA – Criteria Weighting • In order to correlate the multiple criteria, a weighting profjle is introduced to relate the importance of each of the criteria with respect to the others • Personal/constituent values • Scientifjc consensus/modelling • Performance demands/thresholds • Etc. 11 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
MCDA Application to Polyphenol Extraction Pressurized Liquid Solvent Extraction Internally Normalized Impacts Extraction 100,00% Ethanol, Water & SCCO 2 Acetone & Water Ethanol & Water 90,00% 340 ton GA/y 290 ton GA/y 572 ton GA/y 80,00% solvent ratio: 2 solvent ratio: 2 70,00% solvent ratio: 60,00% solvent ratio: 5 (dryer solvent ratio: 5 (dryer solvent ratio: 5 10 50,00% required) required) 40,00% S-Acn-5 S-Acn-2 S-EtOH-5 S-EtOH-2 PLE-EtOH-10 PLE-EtOH-5 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% n y y n g y y n e y n y h s n n y n t s s m o t t o n t t o t o t t o o t o i i i i i i i o u l i c c i i c c i c i c a i i c i e t t m t t t t t c r i i i r i a a i a a e e a p a x x x d x a t x m o c r o o i o c h s l c o m n c a d n c p i i y o t t t t fj t s h a a h s e r o w o n o s u i o i c c r L t e p p e a o d d c c c s f i i c o l o i c e n n g e c m c e n a c u r e r r r r e e e o e b n a u r t e t u n l d u a e u g g i u c t o l o o z n o o t H a l i t e o o e a l i z r r a s G i s i r a n r P n n r o i t e e e m r a e , r s w o t r i i r n t t e s e c c M n I c s a h o e r l t r r l e i i a i e W a a a r s s r i r r t r e t a r r e s e w r T a c c a e e o M T h e r - l h m T F n n n u F p s a o i r , c M s e n o m n i o t r o f F r i t a u n e t a a H a n r p m t m o S e z r u n O o H i f F e n o z O S-Acn-5 S-Acn-2 S-EtOH-5 S-EtOH-2 PLE-EtOH-10 PLE-EtOH-5 12 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
MCDA Application: weighting • Developed using relationship of environmental impacts to the emissions of an average european Planetary boundaries are not yet developed such that they can be applied. RIF= relative importance factor, MI= Midpoint impact, NF= Normalization factor Normalized to the annual impact of the average European https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary- boundaries.html 13 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
MCDA Application: weighting • Developed using relationship of environmental impacts to the emissions of an average european Fine Ozone Fossil Freshwater Human Human non- Marine Mineral Ozone Stratospheric particulate Freshwater Global Ionizing Marine formation, Terrestrial Terrestrial Water resource eutrophicatio carcinogenic carcinogenic Land use eutrophicatio resource formation, ozone matter ecotoxicity warming radiation ecotoxicity Terrestrial acidification ecotoxicity consumption scarcity n toxicity toxicity n scarcity Human health depletion formation ecosystems 12.83 276.36 183.72 86.75 58.98 59.26 3.93 28.40 0.61 161.97 0.86 0.004 23.98 28.77 2.05 21.34 42.57 7.62 Important Unimportant Fossile Resource Scarcity (276) Mineral Ressource Scarcity (0.004) Freshwater Ecotoxicity (183) Land Use (0.6) Marine Ecotoxicity (161) Marine Eutrophication (0.9) Freshwater Eutrophication (86) Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (2.0) Human Carcinogenic T oxicity (59) Human Non-Carcinogenic T oxicity (3.9) Global Warming (59) Water Consumption (7.6) 14 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Incorporating Relative Importance: June 2019 MCDA polyphenol production
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