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History: conventional 2.5 bedroom bungalow, built 1950s, extended 1980s, sun room extension + eco-retrofit, summer 2008 (except where stated) Space: heated living space ~125m2. Houses 2 to 3 people

• Starting point:
• ld gas (65% efficient) non-condensing boiler for heating

(radiators + foil + control valves) & hot water; 1950s cavity walls with cavity insulation, double glazing, reasonable loft insulation. ‘Baseline’ starting point on CO2 for ‘house’ - heat, light, water - was 7.4 tonnes CO2/yr. ‘Low hanging fruit’ on insulation was already done.

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There are ‘low hanging fruit’ actions relevant to all properties: loft & cavity wall insulation, low energy light bulbs, double glazing, maybe floor insulation.. (we were

• n gas for heating & HW.)

Beyond that the best combination of actions depend on: your objectives: less CO2 (major reduction), get off fossil fuels, less running cost, more comfort? and: your property details, your starting point, and your £ to invest ( > £100k - major extension and roof renewal etc)

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Annual solar electricity generation: 2,200kWh, replacing mains, 60% out of annual 4040

• kWh. CO2 saving = 1200kgCO2/yr (16%)

20 panels

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South- facing roof 2 DC-AC inverters,

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wall in loft

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24 tubes, 2 pumps, two-coil HW tank, controls. (does ~ all hot water, May – September)

Saved ~1240 kWh/yr, out of 2800 for HW. This

saves 230kg CO2/yr with the old gas boiler (OGB), but only 30kg/yr with the wood pellet boiler (WPB). But the 2 pumps use extra 35 kWh mains electricity/yr = + 20kgCO2/yr. So net kgCO2/yr saving = -210 (v. OGB); but only

• 10 (v. WPB) – pumps cancel out pellets saving.

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Saved ~730 kWh/yr – 65% out of ~1130 kWh/yr for lighting CO2 saving = 390kg/yr (5%)

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Thermographic Survey

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Insulation/MVHR saves 15% (4000kWh) of

heating energy (& cost). This saves 780kg CO2/yr with the old gas boiler (OGB), but only 90kg/yr with the wood pellet boiler (WPB). But the fan runs 24hrs/365days; extra 900kWh mains electricity/yr = + 475kgCO2/yr. So net kgCO2/yr effect = -300 (v. OGB) - only 40% of saved gas energy; but + 385 (v. WPB)

Sloping roof

insulation Ducts, fan, heat exchanger 80% exhaust air heat recovery claimed.

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Air Permeability Test achieved 8.6 m3/(h.m2), vs. target

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Cost-effective for comfort; not for CO2? But helps allow boiler

• ff longer in summer..
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• Replaces fossil fuel gas (boiler @ 65% eff.) with 22,000 kWh (4.6 tonnes) of

‘renewable’ wood pellets. But; fans, pumps & ignition add 350 kWh/yr mains electricity, with CO2 =190kg/yr CO2 saving = 4600kg/yr (62%) – without the other additional items; these further reduce pellet use to 3.84 tonnes, 18,250 kWh/yr

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25 kW capacity, running at 10 kW; 100% automatic – ash cleaning once/yr automatic feed from 3 tonne hopper in shed; truck delivery 2 x/yr usually runs October to April – 7 months. Efficiency varies v. demand:

• av. 79% (v. claimed 86%)

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You need hopper space & lorry access

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washing, drying, pot plants, gardening (‘cold frame’) some heat input into house ventilation system views of garden

• ‘passive solar’ effect contributes to energy efficiency, but not quantified

clothes drying saves tumble dryer (but we didn’t have one anyway)

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LH column is the original BASELINE; middle columns show the effect of each option separately, on all day heating programme, compared with Baseline. RH column is the WHOLE HOUSE AS IT IS NOW, in combination. (Costs are rounded, so columns and rows may not add up.). NB: operating costs are old – see next slide for latest.

Total costs BASELINE:

• ld gas

boiler Low energy lighting Wood pellet boiler Solar PV electricity (2003) Solar hot water (2005) Insulation + MVHR Rain water Harvesting WHOLE HOUSE AS IT IS NOW Comments Capital installation costs, for each option (£) Equipment 1000 16000 (alt 8600?) 14000 6500 2000 (MVHR) 2000 41500 To outside supplier Civ./Build. Wk. 8000 200 33000 9000 50000 Will have some – it depends.. Fees 1000 4500 1500 7000 VAT 200 2000 700 300 5500 2000 10700 5 or 17.5% Other costs 4000 2500 6500

• Eg. garden,
• temp. Accom

Total capital 1200 27000 14700 7000 49000 17000 110000 Total annual energy operating costs, with each option installed (£/year 2009 )- *actual costs of gas, electricity, wood pellets. Total energy 1800 1700 1500 1500 1800 1750 1800 1100 Maintenance 80 80 185 80 150 140 130 375 It depends! Total

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1900 1800 1700 1600 1900 2000 2000 1500 Operating Cost saving % Base case 5% 11% 16% (-1%) 1% (-1%) 23% Carbon emissions (tonnes CO2/yr) CO2 emissions 7.5 7.0 2.75 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 1.5 CO2 saving % 5% 62% 16% 3% 4% (-3%) 78%

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The three different objectives may lead to different orders of investment.

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Reduce CO2 Reduce Fossil Fuel kWh Reduce running cost £ But: after doing Low Energy Lights + Wood Pellet Boiler + Solar-PV, + Solar –Thermal, adding Insulation/MVHR and Rain Water Harvesting slightly worsens all 3 results. and, going for a New Gas condensing Boiler would be most ‘efficient’, in benefit per £ - but saves only 16-22% against each objective.

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Insulation and MVHR:

• The thermograph actually showed that the main roof was not bad; but

windows were poor: so still do dormers, but then look at triple glazing windows, floor insulation, not sloping roof?

• The MVHR has been worth it for comfort ; and helps us close down the

Wood Pellet Boiler [WPB] heating for longer – but don’t run it 24/7 in summer?

Renewable energy generation:

• If going ‘wood-burning’ think very hard about auto or manual – if auto,

what space and road access for bulk hopper and filling? - and spend longer getting smaller ,cheaper model?

• Heating alternatives: look at air source heat pump (we had no space for

ground source), maybe with a new condensing gas boiler for coldest. Also, consider Sterling engine CHP

• Low Energy Lights and Solar PV are great. But might not have done

solar thermal, if we had installed renewable heat (like the WPB) first.

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Graph shows ‘normalised’ costs and CO2, per m2 of heated house space* Can compare between properties – here, ours, and another one Houses have different start points – so ‘% reduction’ not very helpful as comparison Overall Govt. 80% CO2 reduction target for ‘retrofit’ houses implies ~ 15kgCO2/m2 target – the red dashed line: better to set targets this way?

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*So as not to favour those with big houses, also target kgCO2/occupant?

2##F #IM - tonnesCO2/yr

House: water, electricity, heat = 8.0 Transport: Car, flights, travel = 9.6

• Shopping: Food, shops, waste = 6.0

This saving on the house is approx. = one person’s return flight to LA per year

(Atmosfair: 6080kg)

(Guardian, ‘Earth’ Aug 2002; from International Energy Agency, and www.risingtide.org.uk)

• In one year, the average British

household generates this CO2 Our start was 7.4 Our saving was 5.7 [6.9] (77% [93%] less) Our final was 1.7* [0.5]* *(recalculated after 4 year’s operation)

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There are ‘low hanging fruit’ actions relevant to all properties: loft & cavity wall insulation, low energy light bulbs, probably double glazing, maybe floor insulation.. After that the best choice of actions depends on your objectives: less CO2, get off fossil fuels, less running cost, more comfort? And, for the renewables heating/insulation choices particularly: it depends on your property details, your starting point, and your £ to invest [Our boiler, solar thermal and insulation were more expensive than likely average] The sequence and total target of investment matters, and tells you the right point to switch from investing in insulation – less energy – to renewables – low carbon energy Its fun doing it (mostly!) and very satisfying when you’ve done it...

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().))-(

• 10 Founder Members from individual Transition Town groups -

Change4Chalfont, Chesham, Amersham, Low Carbon Jordans - started meeting as 'Energy Group' in August 2011.

• Formed a ‘bone fide cooperative’, registered by the FSA as IPS No.

31454R, on 7 November 2011. Aims: “to reduce carbon emissions by helping the community to save energy and generate renewable energy.”

• In January 2010, won ‘LEAF’ funding to do survey of Chilterns, and

prepare a business plan; will be done by 31 March..

• We need your help:

As Members, with time, contacts, or expertise to contribute As contacts with Community Buildings, the focus of our business plan As potential investors, investing £50 - £20,000, earning 3 or 4% interest plus EIS tax relief; We'd like to hear from you: If you are interested in our aims and plans and want to know more, please contact us at: lowcarbonchilterns@yahoo.co.uk (www.lowcarbonchilterns.org.uk)

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#NO

“So-called global warming is just a secret ploy by wacko tree-huggers to make America energy independent, clean our air and water, improve the fuel efficiency of our vehicles, kick-start 21st-century industries, and make our cities safer and more liveable. Don't let them get away with it!”

Thanks for listening – questions?

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