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Exception handling features help you deal with any unexpected or exceptional situations that occur when a program is running HTTPS://DOCS.MICROSOFT.COM/EN -US/DOTNET/CSHARP/PROGRAMMING -GUIDE/EXCEPTIONS/ 1 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS -

  1. Exception handling features help you deal with any unexpected or exceptional situations that occur when a program is running HTTPS://DOCS.MICROSOFT.COM/EN -US/DOTNET/CSHARP/PROGRAMMING -GUIDE/EXCEPTIONS/ 1 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  2. Internals of Exceptions CONTACT@ADAMFURMANEK.PL HTTP://BLOG.ADAMFURMANEK.PL FURMANEKADAM 2 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  3. About me Experienced with backend, frontend, mobile, desktop, ML, databases. Blogger, public speaker. Author of .NET Internals Cookbook. http://blog.adamfurmanek.pl contact@adamfurmanek.pl furmanekadam 3 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  4. Agenda Exception mechanisms overview Implementation details: ◦ How to rethrow, catch everything, and what cannot be handled? ◦ When are exceptions thrown and how to stop it? ◦ How to handle corrupted state? Even more implemenation details: ◦ SEH and its frame. ◦ .NET and double pass. ◦ Thread.Abort implementation. ◦ AccessViolation internals. ◦ VEH and machine code generation to catch StackOverflowException 4 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  5. Exception mechanisms overview 5 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  6. Popular mechanisms C++ C# try { try { ... ... } catch ( Exception e ) } catch ( std::exception& e ) { when ( e.Message == "Custom" ) { ... ... } finally { } ... } 6 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  7. IL handlers .try { ... } try, finally — the same as in C#. catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { ... } Catch: ◦ Inheritance order is not enforced by CLR, it is finally { ... } checked by the C# compiler only. fault { ... } Fault: filter { conditions } { code } ◦ Executed always when there was an exception (similar to finally). Filter: ◦ Indicates whether you want to handle the exception or not. ◦ This can be just a typecheck of some other logic (like content check). 7 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  8. Lower level mechanisms WINAPI, VSC++, GCC SEH __try { Structured Exception Handling (SEH). ... Vectored Exception Handling (VEH), } __except ( filter ) { Vectored Continuation Handling (VCH). ... } DWARF: ◦ Similar to SEH. __try { ◦ Table based. ... } __ finally { SetJump LongJump: ... ◦ Restores registers. } 8 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  9. SEH 9 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  10. VEH 10 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  11. VEH 11 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  12. 12 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  13. One might ask… 1. What value is returned if I return in both try 6. Can I catch an AccessViolation ? ThreadAbort ? and finally? What happens if I throw in those StackOverflow ? ExecutionEngine ? places? 7. Can I throw a non-exception in C#? Can I 2. Is finally executed if I have an unhandled catch a non-exception in C#? exception? 8. What happens if I throw an exception in a 3. Is finally executed if I exit the application by catch block? calling the exit or Environment.Exit ? 9. How do I catch an exceptions from the other 4. If it is how can I disable it? And what if I want threads? What about async ? What about only some of the finally blocks to be thread pools? executed? 10. Can I catch an exception during P/Invoke ? 5. Is finally executed if I have an 11. Can I call an async method in catch or finally ? OutOfMemoryException ? 13 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  14. Implementation details 14 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  15. Stacktraces in .NET Framework 07. void ThrowException () 08. { 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); 10. } 11. 12. void RethrowException () 13. { 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. ... 24. } 25. } 26. } 27. 28. void Main () 29. { 30. RethrowException (); 31. } 15 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  16. 07. void ThrowException () Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Invalid 08. { at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 23 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); at Main() in Program.cs:line 30 10. } 11. 12. void RethrowException () 13. { 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. throw e ; 24. } 25. } 26. } 0:000> !clrstack 27. 28. void Main () 00f3ee4c 755bdae8 [HelperMethodFrame: 00f3ee4c] 29. { 00f3eefc 01580537 RethrowException() [Program.cs @ 25] 30. MethodRethrowingException (); 00f3eff0 0158049c Main() [Program.cs @ 30] 31. } 16 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  17. 07. void ThrowException () Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Invalid 08. { at ThrowException () in Program.cs:line 9 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 23 10. } 11. at Main() in Program.cs:line 30 12. void RethrowException () 13. { 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. throw; 24. } 25. } 26. } 0:000> !clrstack 27. 00f3ee4c 755bdae8 [HelperMethodFrame: 00f3ee4c] 28. void Main () 29. { 00f3eefc 01580537 RethrowException() [Program.cs @ 25] 30. MethodRethrowingException (); 00f3eff0 0158049c Main() [Program.cs @ 30] 31. } 17 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  18. 07. void ThrowException () Unhandled Exception: System.Exception : Invalid 08. { at ThrowException () in Program.cs:line 9 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 16 10. } 11. --- End of inner exception stack trace --- 12. void RethrowException () at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 23 13. { at Main() in Program.cs:line 30 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. throw new Exception ( e.Message, e ) ; 24. } 25. } 26. } 0:000> !clrstack 27. 00f3ee4c 755bdae8 [HelperMethodFrame: 00f3ee4c] 28. void Main () 00f3eefc 01580537 RethrowException() [Program.cs @ 25] 29. { 30. MethodRethrowingException (); 00f3eff0 0158049c Main() [Program.cs @ 30] 31. } 18 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  19. Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Invalid 07. void ThrowException () 08. { Server stack trace: 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); at ThrowException () in Program.cs:line 9 10. } at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 16 11. 12. void RethrowException () 13. { Exception rethrown at [0]: 14. try at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 24 15. { 16. ThrowException (); at Main() in Program.cs:line 31 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. typeof( Exception ) .GetMethod ( "PrepForRemoting", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance ) .Invoke (new object [0] ) ; 24. throw e; 25. } 26. } 27. } 0:000> !clrstack 28. 29. void Main () 00f3ee4c 755bdae8 [HelperMethodFrame: 00f3ee4c] 30. { 00f3eefc 01580537 RethrowException() [Program.cs @ 26] 31. MethodRethrowingException (); 00f3eff0 0158049c Main() [Program.cs @ 31] 32. } 19 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  20. Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidOperationException: Invalid Server stack trace: 07. void ThrowException () at ThrowException () in Program.cs:line 9 08. { at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 16 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown --- 10. } 11. at RethrowException () in Program.cs:line 23 12. void RethrowException () at Main() in Program.cs:line 30 13. { 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture ( e ) .Throw () ; 24. } 25. } 26. } 0:000> !clrstack 27. 00f3ee4c 755bdae8 [HelperMethodFrame: 00f3ee4c] 28. void Main () 00f3eefc 01580537 RethrowException() [Program.cs @ 23] 29. { 30. MethodRethrowingException (); 00f3eff0 0158049c Main() [Program.cs @ 30] 31. } 20 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

  21. Stacktraces in .NET Core 07. void ThrowException () 08. { 09. throw new InvalidOperationException ( "Invalid" ); 10. } 11. 12. void RethrowException () 13. { 14. try 15. { 16. ThrowException (); 17. ThrowException (); 18. } 19. catch ( InvalidOperationException e ) 20. { 21. if ( e.Message != "Message" ) 22. { 23. ... 24. } 25. } 26. } 27. 28. void Main () 29. { 30. RethrowException (); 31. } 21 26.07.2020 INTERNALS OF EXCEPTIONS - ADAM FURMANEK

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