Yemen's vulnerability communities: The case study of Sanaa, Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Adapting to water scarcity for Yemen's vulnerability communities: The case study of Sana’a,

Water Environmental Center Team

• Dr. Abdulla Noaman
• Dr. Mansour Haidera
• Dr. Saif Othman
• Dr. Khateeb Kebsi
• Dr. Abdulla Babaqi

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Project background ( Adapting to water scarcity for Yemen's vulnerability

communities)

Case studies, Sana’a , Aden and Sadah basins

Funding from:

Netherlands Climate Assistance Program

Administered by:

Environmental Protection Authority, Yemen

Conducted by:

Water and Environment Center, Sana’a University

With technical assistance provided by

Stockholm Environment Institute

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Objectives

Identify key water vulnerabilities under climate change with stakeholder consultation Develop scenarios exploring future water –related adaptation strategies using the Water Evaluation and Planning Software (WEAP) Prioritize adaptation strategies using stakeholder-driven Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA)

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Approaches and Methodology

• Data collection from different authorities and

related ministries

• Rapid appraisal for participatory assessments

among stakeholders.

• WEAP water modeling to evaluate water needs

and scarcity among all sectors under a range of potential climate change scenarios.

• Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) to identify a set of

adaptation measures

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Case study (Sana'a Basin) (highly urban area)

This case study was selected based on: representing a highly urban area Water scarcity problems

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Urban area expansion in Sana’a basin

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Background cont..

• Results:

 rapidly depleting aquifers and more frequent water conflicts due to

growing competition for water.

GW abstraction in Sana'a basin

50 100 150 200 250 300 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Million cubic meter GWL Recharge to the GW GW abstraction

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Rainfall trend for Sana’a

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The WEAP model of the Sana’a basin

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Sub-structure of each sub-basin

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The headflow/rainfed catchment nodes…

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The irrigated area catchment nodes…

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Simulation of hydrologic processes in the catchments…

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The reference scenarios is not able to create sustainable use of the all demand sites….

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Scenarios explore 6 different adaptation strategies…

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: Indigenous improved Wadi 1 Scenario use

unmet demand for all demand sites with scenario 1 compare to reference

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Groundwater storage for all demand sites with scenario 1 compare to reference

: Indigenous improved Wadi use 1 Scenario

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Replacing Qat with wheat production….

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Qat (Cathula edulis) has become a very large part of the economy - some estimate as much as 25% of GDP, 16% of employment and 30% of water use.

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Differences in crop coefficients are the driver of this scenario….

In this scenario, the monthly crop coefficient values for wheat versus qat are the key variables that drive the difference in water demand

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Yearly water demand for Qat versus wheat in Wadi A Sir….

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Replacing Qat with wheat results in less GW drawdown….

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Any one of the strategies alone is not enough to create sustainable use of the Central Plains aquifer….

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…..and for all aquifers

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But when the effects of scenarios are added via ‘inheritance’….

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Adding effects of strategies approaches sustainability for Central Plains aquifer….

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Possible future climate scenarios also analyzed….

‘OSU Core’ climate scenario is expected climate change: +2 degrees C And +5% rainfall by 2050 ‘UKHI dry’ climate scenario is worst case climate change: +2 degrees C And -20% rainfall by 2050

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Hydrology model in WEAP explicitly simulates climate effects on crop water demands….

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Climate has only small effect on groundwater volume….

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Consultations with Farmers and Decisions makers

The main aim was to discuss their concerns regarding issues of water scarcity as well as to assess their willingness to participate and be committed in implementing the project activities (adapted strategy).

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Identify a set of adaptation measures using MCA

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proposed location of check dam in Wadi

Asser

Implement one adaptation measure

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Examples of Adaptation) (Traditional Water Harvesting Techniques)

• Rehabilitation of

Terraces ,Cisterns and ponds and dikes)

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Terraces after the rainfall

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Traditional ponds and cisterns

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Traditional Cisterns

Source: SFD

greater capacity upward and easy access, Local material sediment trap

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Traditional subsurface cisterns in rural areas

Source: SFD

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Underground reservoir in mountainous area

Source: SFD

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Conclusion

• Increase knowledge and information on

the vulnerability of the water resources

• The need to emphasize awareness among

stakeholders and decision makers

• Mainstreaming Climate Change in all

governmental development plans and programs

• Special program on the issues of Climate

Change in various governmental offices

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Thanks for your attentions