Yemen experience on Climate Change Yemen experience on Climate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Yemen experience on Climate Change Yemen experience on Climate Change

Global Climate Change Alliance Bangkok, 14-18 March 2012

Geographic Location and Land Area

Yemen is an arid Middle Eastern country occupying an area of Yemen is an arid Middle Eastern country, occupying an area of

527,970 km2

It has a 2 250 km coastline along the Gulf of Aden and the Red It has a 2,250-km coastline along the Gulf of Aden and the Red

Sea

• Cont. Geographic Location and Land Area

Yemen is characterized by five major ecological Yemen is characterized by five major ecological

systems:

1.

Hot-humid Coastal Plain, i hl d

2.

Temperate Highlands,

3.

Yemen High Plateaus and Hadramout –Mahrah Uplands,

4.

The Desert Interior and

5.

The Islands Archipelago.

Vulnerability of Yemen to Climate Changes Vulnerability of Yemen to Climate Changes

• Water scarcity;
• Short and heavy storms;

y ;

• Floods;
• Long dry periods;
• Desertification;
• Land degradation and soil erosion.

Adaptation priorities under NAPA Adaptation priorities under NAPA

key sectors identified:

Water Resources Agriculture Agriculture Coastal zones Cross cutting issues ( awareness, capacity building, education,

and databases) 12 high priority projects 12 high priority projects Cost: About USD30 millions

Water:

Average annual per capita share of water resources is

Average annual per capita share of water resources is 137 m3

Extraction of ground water has exceeded the level of

Extraction of ground water has exceeded the level of replenishment capacity causing water depletion

Over 90% of water consumption is used for irrigation

Over 90% of water consumption is used for irrigation

Water needs are estimated at 3,521 million m3 in 2010 deficit of about 700 million m3 in 1995 expected to deficit of about 700 million m3 in 1995, expected to

increase to 921 million m3 in 2010 would result in the depletion of 12 157 million m3 of ground water by 2010 depletion of 12,157 million m of ground water by 2010.

i l Agriculture:

Remains the most important sector employing 54% of Remains the most important sector employing 54% of

Yemen labor force

Contributed around 21% in the total GDP Contributed around 21% in the total GDP Yemen current total cultivable area is about 16,700 km2 of

which: which:

• 72% uncultivated utilizing rain-fed, flood, and ground

water irrigations schemes water irrigations schemes

Rangelands together with forest and woodlands comprise 34%

• f total area.
• f total area.

Other land, mostly desert with limited use potential constitutes

about 49% of the total area

l d i h i Coastal and Fisheries:

Coastal line long is about 2250 Km, with185 Islands Coastal Cities, Harbors, Infrastructure, Fish Communities

Villages and Facilities

Coastal sensitive Habitats (Mangroves, Coral Reef, Seagrass,

Palm Groves, Wetlands, Lagoons, Sabkhas, Rocky Shores, S d B h ) Sandy Beaches)

Rich of fish and other marine resources species Fisheries contribution to GDP more than 2.4%, it is export

value reach more than 213 Million US$ per year Fi h i P id l l ith hi h lit f d

Fisheries Provides locals with high quality food Contribute on Poverty alleviation, by providing work

• pportunity for more than 350 thousands people
• pportunity for more than 350 thousands people

Aden is one of the top 20 cities

Aden is one of the top 20 cities in the world where the most people will be at the greatest i k f l l i d risk from sea level rise and storm surges in the developing world (Dasgupta, et. al; Center ( g p , ; for Global Development, September 2009

Vulnerability of Yemen’s Fisheries Sector to Climate Change y f g

Vulnerability of national economies of potential li t h i t fi h i (i t t 60,000 to 80,000 fishermen and their climate change impacts on fisheries (integrates exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) under IPCC scenario B2 (local development, lower emissions) families depend on fishing for their livelihoods emissions).

Ranked priority adaptation projects (1) p y p p j ( )

Project title Sector Time frame Budget (USD) 1 Develop and implement integrated coastal zone management Marine & coastal areas 4 years 3.2 million 2 Water conservation through reuse of treated waste water and grey water from mosques, and irrigation saving techniques Water and agriculture 3 years 3.2 million 3 Awareness raising on adaptation to climate changes Public awareness 2 years 0.65 million 4 Establishment and maintaining of climate change database Cross-cutting 2 years 0.35 million 4 Establishment and maintaining of climate change database Cross cutting 2 years 0.35 million 5 Planting and re-planting of mangroves and palms for adaptation to l l i Marine & coastal 5 years 2.45 million sea level rise areas 6 Develop and implement programs to improve Yemen’s preparedness to cope with extreme weather events Cross-cutting 4 years 5 million

Ranked priority adaptation projects (2) p y p p j ( )

Project title Sector Time frame Budget (USD) 7 Rainwater harvesting through various techniques including traditional methods Water and agriculture 3 years 2.81 million 8 Rehabilitation and maintenance of mountainous terraces Agriculture and land resources 5 years 4.78 million 9 Promotion of research on drought, heat and salinity tolerant varieties Agriculture and land resources 4 years 3.15 million 10 Sustainable land management to combat desertification and land degradation Agriculture and land 3 years 2.33 resources million 11 Sustainable management of fisheries resources Marine & coastal areas 5 years 1.18 million million 12 Incorporation of climate change and adaptation into school education Education & awareness 2 years 0.82 million

Proposed criteria for setting up priorities

Contribution to Sustainable Development;

l h d f l

Livelihood security of Local Communities; Poverty reduction to enhance adaptive capacity; Synergy with other multilateral environmental agreements and conventions; and

Sy gy g ;

Cost-effectiveness

Climate Change Institutional Structure

Establishment of CC Board, chaired by Deputy Prime Minister for Economical Affairs, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation and membership of the following institutions: M f W d E (MWE)

• Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE)
• Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI)
• Ministry of Fish Wealth (MFW)
• Ministry of Finance (MOF)
• Ministry of Local Administration (MOLA)
• Ministry of Oil and Minerals (MOM)
• Ministry of Transportation (MT)
• Ministry of Telecommunication and Information Technology (MTIT)
• Environment Protection Authority (EPA)