Year 12 Unit 4 Planning Sustainable Places
Overview Short Answer Exam Questions. Students may be required to utilise Geographical skills within these questions/answers. Usually involves some source analysis.
Overview of Places and their Challenges Places: the process of urbanisation and its implications for world population growth and human wellbeing in urban and rural places the economic and environmental interdependence of urban and rural places the historical, cultural, economic and environmental factors that have contributed to the spatial distribution of urban and rural places in Australia the processes of urban sprawl, invasion and succession, renewal, planning, land use competition, inertia and agglomeration that have contributed to the characteristics and functions of urban and rural places in Australia the changing demographic, economic and social characteristics, including age, gender and socioeconomic and cultural distribution, in urban and rural places in Australia
The process of urbanisation and its implications for world population growth and human wellbeing in urban and rural places Urbanisation - t he increasing percentage or proportion of a population living in urban areas of a country. The term ‘level of urbanisation ’ is often used. Can also refer to urbanisation as a process. Urban Growth - an increase in the number of people living in urban places. Just over 50% of the World’s population live in cities - The 21 st century – the ‘urban century.’ Human well being - the recognition that everyone around the world, regardless of geography, age, culture, religion or political environment, aspires to live well. Many factors impact upon an individual’s ability to live well including social fragmentation, inequality, poverty, malnourishment as well as access to resources. 2019: Explain one implication of changes in the level of urbanisation for world population growth and one https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization implication for human wellbeing. (6 marks.)
The economic and environmental interdependence of urban and rural places Interdependency – Two ways. Many mutually beneficial interactions Strong linkages can improve the living conditions and employment opportunities of both rural and urban populations Economic: Rural places provide primary materials to city from agriculture, forestry and mining activities. Environmental: Urban areas rely on the raw materials found in the rural area. P . 165 WA ATAR Geography (GAWA)
The historical, cultural, economic and environmental factors that have contributed to the spatial distribution of urban and rural places in Australia Historical Factors Colonies and convict settlements. Cultural Factors Rural-urban drift, Migration and the Australian lifestyle Source: ABS
The historical, cultural, economic and environmental factors that have contributed to the spatial distribution of urban and rural places in Australia Economic Factors Capital cities, ports, minerals, agriculture, decentralisation and settlement schemes Environmental Factors Climate, hydrology, topography, soils 2018 WACE: Select two of the following factors and explain how they have contributed to the spatial distribution of urban and rural places in Australia. Refer to specific evidence from Source 7 in your response. (6 marks.) ● historical ● cultural ● economic Source: bom.gov.au ● environmental
The processes of urban sprawl, invasion and succession, renewal, planning, land use competition, inertia and agglomeration that have contributed to the characteristics and functions of urban and rural places in Australia Key Terms: Functions, Functional Zones, Internal Morphology and External Morphology. Page 174 WA ATAR Geography (GAWA) Key term and How has this process contributed to the characteristics and definition functions of urban and rural places in Australia? Urban sprawl invasion and succession www.researchgate.net
The changing demographic, economic and social characteristics, including age, gender and socioeconomic and cultural distribution, in urban and rural places in Australia Demographics: Refers to the characteristics of a population, such as their age, gender, ethnic or cultural background and socio-economic status Briefly cover waves of migration to Australia. Chain migration: Migrants are more likely to move to places where their relatives or people they know have moved. Cultural Distribution: Migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds are more likely to locate in larger urban areas compared to those from English speaking backgrounds. Rural places have attracted migrants with skills that can be applied to the land uses that are found in the area. E.g. The market gardening region around Geraldton has attracted a significant Vietnamese community. https://www.abs.gov.au/
Data by region https://www.abs.gov.au/
Age and Gender 2019 WACE Exam. With specific reference to the June 2006 population pyramid, describe one difference in the age and sex distributions between the capital cities and the rest of Australia. (2 marks.) With specific reference to the June 2006 and June 2017 population pyramids, describe one change that has occurred between 2006 and 2017 in the distribution of the population in the 20 to 34-year-old age groups. (2 marks.)
Overview of Places and their Challenges Challenges facing Places: an overview of the challenges facing rural and remote places in Australia, including Indigenous communities. Challenges include: population loss, economic restructuring, employment, housing, service and water provision, concentrations of socially vulnerable populations, social inclusion and exclusion, transportation, resource degradation, land use conflicts, declining political influence, isolation and remoteness, fly-in/fly-out work patterns. an overview of the challenges facing megacities and Australian metropolitan and regional centres. Challenges include: housing, economic restructuring, employment, transportation, congestion, environmental degradation, waste management, personal safety, land abandonment, urban sprawl, socio-spatial inequality, social inclusion and exclusion, changing demographics.
Overview of Challenges facing Rural Areas. Rural areas: A settlement of less than 1000 people, that is associated with Primary Industries (Farming, Forestry, Fishing and Mining.) A remote and isolated community is one that either is a long distance from highly populated settlements or lacks transportation links that are typical in more populated areas. Briefly define each of the challenges. Named example of a place affected, or statistics etc. Look more closely at 3 of the challenges.
Overview of Challenges facing cities A Megacity is a large metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people. A Metropolitan area is a region with a densely populated urban core surrounded by less densely populated suburbs. (In Australia, typically contain over 100,000 people.) Large regional towns are typically towns with a population of over 10,000 people, that are found away from the capital cities and provide goods and services to the surrounding regions. Briefly define the challenge or explain why it is a challenge. Give a named example of a place affected by the challenge – Perth/regional centre or mega city. Students will go on to look at four of these challenges in greater detail in the depth study.
Urban Sprawl Everything’s bigger in America, Especially Urban Sprawl. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smar t-news/everythings-bigger-in-america- especially-urban-sprawl-180948189/
Depth Studies Extended Response Exam Questions. Students need to know the chosen depth studies in enough detail to be able to complete at least an 8 mark extended response answer. 4-5 weeks for each depth study. Depth Study 1: Perth or a Regional Centre. Perth and Peel @ 3.5 million. Depth Study 2: A Megacity - New York, Tokyo, Jakarta… OneNYC. Syllabus dot point - the range of planning strategies used to address each of the two selected challenges, and how these compare with, and/or have been informed by, responses implemented in other world megacities Need alternatives.
Depth Study 1 Using fieldwork and/or secondary sources, students investigate significant related challenges in either metropolitan Perth or a regional urban centre in Western Australia and how these challenges are being addressed. For the purpose of this unit, a regional urban centre is a place large enough to support a school with Year 12 students. For the selected place, students study: the site, situation, internal and external morphology and functions the demographics
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