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Temperature 24 29 34 R e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y 30 70
- T. confusum
- T. castaneum
y t i T. castaneum d i m u indeterminate h e T. confusum - - PDF document
y t i T. castaneum d i m u indeterminate h e T. confusum - - PDF document
70 y t i T. castaneum d i m u indeterminate h e T. confusum v i t a l e 30 R 24 29 34 Temperature Exploitation and competition interact (Park 1948) Tribolium Predator - prey cycles: lynx and hare Modelling predator - prey
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Refuges and the importance of environmental structure Huffaker (1958) Huffaker’s results Simple universe More complex
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Huffaker’s results continued - complex universe Tray design - barriers Rosenzweig - MacArthur predator-prey model Population of prey (Nh) Population of predators (Np)
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Rosenzweig - MacArthur predator-prey model Population of prey (Nh) Population of predators (Np)
Prey ZNGI peaks outside Pred ZNGI
stable
Prey carrying capacity
Rosenzweig - MacArthur predator-prey model Paradox of enrichment…. Population of prey (Nh) Population of predators (Np)
Prey ZNGI peaks outside Pred ZNGI Prey ZNGI peaks inside Pred ZNGI
stable unstable
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Mycorrhizal fungi – one of THE mutualisms Present in all but a few plant families (92%) >80% of plant species estimated to house mycorrhizae AM associations may have originated with the colonization of land.>400 Mya Arbuscular mycorrhizae Ectomycorrhizae Interaction Continuum Example: Mycorrizae work by Johnson et al. (1993, 1997)
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Tripartite Mutualism Leaf-cutter Ants Fungus Streptomyces Combats Escovopsis
Animal Pollination – Another one of THE mutualisms
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