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Working together for a world free of chemical weapons www.opcw.org - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Working together for a world free of chemical weapons www.opcw.org Working together for a world free of chemical weapons At At SA SAB-22 22, The Direct ctor-Genera General request quested ed the Scie ientific tific Ad Adviso visory


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Working together for a world free of chemical weapons

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  • make technical recommendations on how stereoisomers of chemicals relevant

to Schedule 1, 2 and 3 under the Chemical Weapons Convention should be considered in relation to the Convention, taking into account the SAB’s previous advice on CAS registry numbers (RC-2/DG.1, dated 28 February 2008, in paragraph 3.5 of the Annex).

  • assess whether the chemical properties of a chemical are altered, when

subject to isotopic labelling, in a manner that would affect its relevance to the schedules of chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention; and

  • make technical recommendations on isotopic labelling of chemicals relevant

to Schedule 1, 2 and 3 under the Chemical Weapons Convention – in light of the SAB’s previous advice on CAS registry numbers (RC-2/DG.1, dated 28 February 2008, in paragraph 3.5 of the Annex); At At SA SAB-22 22, The Direct ctor-Genera General request quested ed the Scie ientific tific Ad Adviso visory Board Board (SA SAB) B) to to:

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Working together for a world free of chemical weapons

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  • make technical recommendations on how stereoisomers of chemicals relevant

to Schedule 1, 2 and 3 under the Chemical Weapons Convention should be considered in relation to the Convention, taking into account the SAB’s previous advice on CAS registry numbers (RC-2/DG.1, dated 28 February 2008, in paragraph 3.5 of the Annex).

  • assess whether the chemical properties of a chemical are altered, when

subject to isotopic labelling, in a manner that would affect its relevance to the schedules of chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention; and

  • make technical recommendations on isotopic labelling of chemicals relevant

to Schedule 1, 2 and 3 under the Chemical Weapons Convention – in light of the SAB’s previous advice on CAS registry numbers (RC-2/DG.1, dated 28 February 2008, in paragraph 3.5 of the Annex); At At SA SAB-22 22, The Direct ctor-Genera General request quested ed the Scie ientific tific Ad Adviso visory Board Board (SA SAB) B) to to:

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Working together for a world free of chemical weapons

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Working together for a world free of chemical weapons

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Part 1: Chemic emical al Abstrac racts ts Servic vice e (CA CAS) S) Re Regis gistr try y Number er?

Is a uniqu que numeric ric identi ntifier er Desig ignat nates es on

  • nly on
  • ne subs

bstance nce Con

  • ntai

ains ns no c

  • che

hemic ical al infor formatio ation, n, yet et is a l link to

  • a wealth

th of

  • f i

infor formati mation

  • n abo

bout a speci cific ic ch chemical cal subs bstance nce

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Part 1: Chemic emical al Abstrac racts ts Servic vice e (CA CAS) S) Re Regis gistr try y Number er?

Is a uniqu que numeric ric identi ntifier er Desig ignat nates es on

  • nly on
  • ne subs

bstance nce Con

  • ntai

ains ns no c

  • che

hemic ical al infor formatio ation, n, yet et is a l link to

  • a wealth

th of

  • f i

infor formati mation

  • n abo

bout a speci cific ic ch chemical cal subs bstance nce

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How M How Many y CA CAS Registr try Nu Numbe bers s Ha Have ve Been Assigne igned? d?

1993 CWC Opened For Signature

Grows by ~15,000/day

> 155,000,000 CAS Numbers Assigned since 1993 (Schedules created)

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1A(1), ), 1A(2), ), 1A(3) > 1.3 Million

  • n

Poss ssibil ilities ities! 2B(4) 4) Limited ed only ly by imaginat ination! ion! Only y 17 chemi micals cals in Schedu dule le 3 Or are there? e?

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1A(1), ), 1A(2), ), 1A(3) > 1.3 Million

  • n

Poss ssibil ilities ities! 2B(4) 4) Limited ed only ly by imaginat ination! ion! Only y 17 chemi micals cals in Schedu dule le 3 Or are there? e?

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How w Many y Scheduled led Chemica icals ls Have e CA CAS Re Regis gistr try y Numbers? s?

1993 CWC Opened For Signature

Grows by ~15,000/day

~30 30,000 ,000

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How w Many y Scheduled led Chemica icals ls Have e CA CAS Re Regis gistr try y Numbers? s?

1993 CWC Opened For Signature

Grows by ~15,000/day

~30 30,000 ,000

55 in Annex x

  • n Chemical

emicals (3 are not

  • t

Schedu dule led) d)

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Par art 2: : Is Isotopes

  • pes
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But First Atoms…

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But First Atoms…

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But First Atoms…

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And Elements…

= Atomic Number = Number of Protons Protons = Electrons (neutral atom)

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And Elements…

= Atomic Number = Number of Protons Protons = Electrons (neutral atom)

“H” “D” “T”

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St Stable able an and Unstable stable Is Isot

  • top
  • pes

Numbe ber of Neutr trons

  • ns

Numbe ber of Pro rotons ns

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St Stable able an and Unstable stable Is Isot

  • top
  • pes

Numbe ber of Neutr trons

  • ns

Numbe ber of Pro rotons ns

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And Back to Atoms… and Molecules

Chemi mical bo bonding ing is al all ab about ut electro trons! s!

(isot

  • top
  • pes

s do not

  • t differ by electr

tron

  • ns

s : c chemis istr try y of isot

  • tope
  • pes
  • f the same

me eleme ment is fo for practic ical purp rposes the same me)

= =

= H-C-H (a “C” with 4 “bonds”, H’s are not shown)

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What at Abou

  • ut

t Schedul heduled ed Chem hemic icals? als?

No Assigned CAS Registry Number

Is Is it it sti till ll Schedule hedule 1? 1?

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Nat atural ural Abundan undance ce of

  • f St

Stable able Is Isot

  • top
  • pes

No isot

  • top
  • pes

es indicated ed

for prac actical ical purposes, , we we assume ume a sam ample le indica cated by this is struct cture contains ins all isotopes pes of each ch eleme ement nt in their eir nat atur ural l abundan bundance ce

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What at Schedule hedule Is Is It It?

Schedule 1A(1) or 2B(4) If CD3 is considered “not Me”, this is unscheduled

= C-H CH3= “Me” =

D7 i-Pr

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Par art 3: : St Stereoi ereoisomer somers

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  • Enantiom

iomer ers:

  • “Mirror image” chemical structures
  • Atom with 4 different substituents = “Chiral Center”
  • Chemical properties are the same for each enantiomer
  • Enantiomers are designated “R” and “S”

Three ree Dim imens nsio ional nal Mol

  • lecul

ecular ar St Structure ructure

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CAS CAS Regist gistry Number mbers s an and St Stereoisomer ereoisomers

(R)-3-Qu Quinucl uclidinyl yl benzilat ate CA CAS Number mber 62869-69 69-6 (S)-3-Qu Quinuc uclidi dinyl yl benzi zilat ate CA CAS Number mber 62869-68 68-5

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Not

  • t Enantiome

antiomers Not

  • t Enantiome

antiomers

What at if if Th There ere is is Mor

  • re

e than an One e Chiral iral Cent enter? er?

C( C(S)P( )P(R) LD LD50

50 > 2000 mg/kg

C( C(R)P )P(S) LD LD50

50 99

99 mg/kg Enantiom antiomer ers C( C(R)P )P(R) LD LD50

50 > 5000 mg/kg

C( C(S)P( )P(S) LD LD50

50 38

38 mg/kg Enantiom antiomer ers Diastereome ereomers Differ eren ent t Proper perti ties! es!

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St Stereoc ereochemistr hemistry y an and Li Life Processes rocesses

Soman (

) adduct

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C( C(R)P )P(R) LD LD50

50 > 5000 mg/kg

C( C(S)P( )P(R) LD LD50

50 > 2000 mg/kg

C( C(R)P )P(S) LD LD50

50 99

99 mg/kg C( C(S)P( )P(S) LD LD50

50 38

38 mg/kg

St Stereoc ereochemistr hemistry y an and Li Life Processes rocesses

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Le Less ss Toxic ic For

  • rms

ms of

  • f Som
  • man

an?

C( C(R)P )P(R) LD LD50

50 > 5000 mg/k

/kg C( C(S)P( )P(R) LD LD50

50 >

> 2000 2000 mg/k /kg C( C(R)P )P(S) LD LD50

50 99 mg/k

/kg C( C(S)P( )P(S) LD LD50

50 38 mg/k

/kg

H2O H2O

Enantiom antiomer ers

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Thing ings s to Kn

  • Know

w Abou

  • ut

t St Stereois ereoisomer

  • mers
  • Not

Not all all stere reois isome mers wi will intercon convert

  • Unde

der “Achiral” Condi ditions ions

  • Chemical synthesis produces racemic mixtures
  • Chemical analysis does not distinguish between enantiomers
  • Pre

repa paration ration and isolatio tion of

  • f enantiom

tiomers

  • Chiral synthesis conditions
  • Biomediated processes
  • Chiral separation conditions

Presence sence of one e might t indicat cate presen sence ce of the ot

  • ther

Samp mplin ing g and analys lysis is is possi sible le with appropri

  • priat

ate e met ethods

  • ds and equipmen

pment

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Is Isot

  • topic
  • pic La

Labelling lling an and St Stereoisomer ereoisomers

(That’s Right, They are Not Unrelated!)

Sulfur lfur Mus ustard tard Replace “H” with “D” on Carbon 2 R or S?

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Som

  • me

e Ad Additi itional

  • nal Com
  • mplicat

plications: ions: Mixtures ixtures!

“HT”

This CA CAS numb mber er is not

  • t in the

Schedu dules les

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How Doe

  • es

s This is Repo port t Relat late e to t

  • the CWC?

C?

  • Eac

ach Stat tate Party ty sh shall all adop dopt the the necess ecessary measu measures res to to ensu ensure re that hat toxic xic chemi hemicals cals and nd their heir pre recu curso sors are re onl

  • nly de

develop eloped, ed, prod

  • duc

uced, ed, othe

  • therwise

wise acquir cquired, ed, reta retaine ined, d, transf ransferred, red, or

  • r used

used withi within its its territ ritor

  • ry or
  • r in

in an any othe

  • ther pl

plac ace unde under its its ju jurisdi risdicti ction or

  • r

control

  • ntrol for purposes

urposes not not pr prohibit hibited ed unde under th this is Con Convent ention

  • ion. To

To th this is end, nd, and and in in orde rder to to verify rify that that ac activit tivities es ar are in in acc ccor

  • rdan

dance ce wit with

  • bliga

bligation tions unde nder this his Con Conven ention tion, eac ach Stat tate Party ty sh shall all subj subjec ect toxi xic chemicals hemicals and and th thei eir pre recu curso sors list listed in in Schedule edules 1, 2 and and 3 of

  • f the

the Ann Annex on

  • n Chemi

Chemica cals, ls, faci cilities lities re rela lated ed to to su such chemicals, hemicals, and nd othe

  • ther fa

facili cilities ties as as spe specif cifie ied in in the the Veri erifica ication tion Anne nnex, th that are re lo loca cated on

  • n its

ts terr rritory or

  • r in

in an any other ther pl plac ace un unde der its its jurisdi jurisdicti ction

  • r
  • r con

control,

  • l, to

to veri erific icat ation ion measu measures res as as pr provide vided in in the the Verif rifica cation tion Ann nnex

CWC Article cle VI, VI, paragr grap aph 2

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Meet eting ing Obl bligations ations

  • To

To meet the these obligati bligations,

  • ns, and

and to to ensure ensure com comple plete and and acc accurat urate dec declarations larations by by CW CWC Stat tates es Par arti ties es to to the OPC OPCW, chem hemicals icals that that fal fall un under der Sc Schedul edules 1, 2, and and 3

  • f
  • f the Conventi

vention must be be clearly rly ide dentifi fiable able

Parts ts VI, I, VII VII and nd VIII VIII to to the he Convention’s Anne Annex on

  • n Im

Impl plementation ementation and nd Verif ifica cation tion set set out the relevant vant requ quirem ement ents

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Consist stent nt wi with Pre revious us Ad Advice ce from rom the SA SAB

  • One

One iss issue ue th that th the SAB AB noted ed in in th the con context xt of

  • f its

its pr previou ious recomm commenda ndati tion

  • ns
  • n
  • n salts

salts is is th the role

  • le of
  • f the

he Che hemical mical Abst Abstracts cts Ser Service ice (CAS) AS) Regis egistr try Numb umber ers indica indicated ed in in th the sc sched edul ules es of

  • f chemicals
  • hemicals. The

The SAB AB has has come come to to th the vie view th that, at, while while the the CAS AS Reg egistr istry Number mbers ar are a usef useful aid aid to to ide identifica tificatio tion, th they were ere int intended ended as as spec pecif ific ic id identifi entifier ers of

  • f sc

sche hedul uled ed ch chem emicals

  • icals. There

There ap appear pears to to be be a questio uestion am among Stat tates es Partie ties ab abou

  • ut wheth

hether er the hese se nu numbe bers rs ha have a reg regulat lator

  • ry val

alue

  • ue. The

The SAB AB wo would uld lik ike to to cau aution tion again against st suc such a view, bec ecau ause se th there ere is is no not nec eces essar sarily ily a one-to to-on

  • ne relationsh

relationship ip be betw twee een CAS CAS Registr egistry Num Number bers an and che hemical ical structures

  • structures. Whi

While th these ese num umber bers ar are us usef eful ul in in the the ide identifica tificatio tion of

  • f chemical

emical com

  • mpounds,

pounds, this this us usef efuln ulnes ess sh shou

  • uld

ld not lea lead to to th the assum ssumpt ptio ion that hat th they shou hould ld ha have any reg egulat latory po power er with ithin in the the con

  • ntext

xt of

  • f

th the Convention

  • ntion. At

At the he same same ti time, me, it it coul could be be hel elpf pful ul if if th the OPC PCW Declara Declaration tion Handboo dbook were re to to pr provide vide ref refere erence ces to to th the var arious ious CAS AS number numbers th that at ar are relat related ed to to an an entr entry in in th the sche hedul ules es (f (for

  • r exampl

ample, for

  • r dif

differe erent isomer isomers of

  • f a

sche hedu duled led chemi emica cal and nd for mixt xtur ures cont ntainin ining a sche hedu dule led chemi mica cal) l).

RC RC-2/DG DG.1, dated 28 28 Fe February 2008 2008, in in paragraph 3.5 of

  • f the Annex

Declaration ations Handbook

  • k does provide refe

ferences s and e examples as s suggested

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Han andbo dbook

  • k on
  • n Chem

hemic icals als

https://www.opcw.org/our-work/non-proliferation/declarations-adviser/handbook-on-chemicals/

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Moving ing For

  • rwar

ard

  • Encourage

Encourage sharing haring of

  • f this

is SAB AB advice dvice with with Nati National

  • nal

Aut Authorities rities

  • Con
  • ntinue

inue current current practices practices in in regar regard to to decla declarations rations handb dbook and OCA CAD

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Mor

  • re

e to C

  • Com
  • me

e on

  • n Is

Isot

  • topes
  • pes an

and Chemical hemical Weapo apons ns

SAB Workshop #1: Chemical Forensics 20 – 22 June 2016, Helsinki, Finland (report forthcoming)

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OPCW Science and Technology Related Resources

https://www.opcw.org/special-sections/science-technology/science-technology-resources/ Science for Diplomats Chemical Weapons Convention S&T Monitor Science & Technology Resources Social Media Resources for Students and Teachers Fact Sheets Scientific Advisory Board The Hague Ethical Guidelines OPCW Today Capacity Building Programmes Director-General Speeches

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OPCW Science and Technology Related Resources

https://www.opcw.org/special-sections/science-technology/science-technology-resources/ Science for Diplomats Chemical Weapons Convention S&T Monitor Science & Technology Resources Social Media Resources for Students and Teachers Fact Sheets Scientific Advisory Board The Hague Ethical Guidelines OPCW Today Capacity Building Programmes Director-General Speeches

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Scienc nce Engage ageme ment nt

Pond Missio ssion n 2016

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Scienc nce Engage ageme ment nt

Pond Missio ssion n 2016

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Scienc nce and d Technol nology

  • gy For D

r Dipl plomats ats Upc pcoming ming Even vents ts

  • October 2016 (On the margins of EC-83, to be confirmed)
  • Science

e for Diplomat

  • mats:

s: SA SAB Re Repor ports ts fro rom Work rksho shops ps on Che hemic mical al Fore rensics nsics and nd Che hemical mical Warfare re Agent nt Toxic icity ity

  • December 2016 (at CSP-21, to be confirmed)
  • Briefing

fing on 2016 SA SAB activities vities

  • Science

e for Diplomat

  • mats:

s: SA SAB Re Repor port on Sample le Handling ling and St Storage

  • For more informatio

mation n on S&T &T fro rom OPCW

SciTech@OPCW.org (email) @OPCW_ST (Twitter) www.opcw.org/special-sections/science-technology/