Worker Re-Entry Exposure within the Framework of the BROWSE Project - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Informa Life Sciences CIR 2013 congress 4 – 5 September 2013, Barcelona, Spain

Worker Re-Entry Exposure within the Framework of the BROWSE Project

Kim Doan Ngoc

Overview of the presentation

Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation

The BROWSE project

= Bystanders, Residents, Operators and WorkerS Exposure models for plant protection products (PPPs) supported by: project partners:

Start Jan 2011 End Dec 2013 Now

The main objective is to develop improved exposure models

available data

improved exposure models

stakeholder input gender and regional differences transparancy Sustainable Use Directive Regulation 1107/2009

The main output is a user-friendly software tool

WP1 WP2 WP3 WP5 WP6

software tool

tools and guidance in support

• f regulation 1107/2009

risk indicators and web platform on training materials

Each model has a set of priority scenarios

Operator

Boom sprayer Mixing and loading (l/s) Orchard sprayer Hand-held sprayer

Residents and bystanders

Boom sprayer Orchard sprayer Hand-held sprayer

A worker exposure scenario is a combination of a crop group and a task

• utdoor

indoor harvesting

• rchard fruit

harvesting grapes harvesting

• rnamentals

harvesting fruiting vegetables

Inhalation, dermal and oral exposure are taken into account

residue

• n crop

residue in air dermal exposure inhalation exposure

• ral

exposure application absorbed amount

Overview of the presentation

Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation

The conceptual model starts from the application

application initial deposit

• n crop

deposit on crop at re-entry concentration in air at re-entry inhalation contact with crop dermal exposure inhalation exposure

• ral exposure

hand-to-mouth contact volatilisation and dispersion absorbed amount modelled by PEARL-OPS

Dermal exposure is the result of contact with residue on the crop

Contact Residue Duration Clothing/PPE

Expressed by transfer coefficient

• User input
• EFSA guidance
• (Distribution based on literature)

Expressed by DFR

• User input
• Modelled by PEARL-OPS

Predefined options available Coverage Migration factors Two options available

• User input
• Default based on survey data

Inhalation exposure results from inhalation

• f contaminated air

Concentration air Breathing rate Duration

Modelled by PEARL-OPS Substance properties Application rate Crop properties Meteorological data User input From Exposure Factors Handbook Intensity activity Gender

Hand-to-mouth contact leads to

• ral exposure

Exposure hands Contact Duration

Defined by: ►Fraction of hand in contact with mouth ►Hand-to-mouth transfer efficiency ►Number of contacts Modelled by dermal exposure module

The PEARL-OPS model uses meteorological data to create a distribution

Meteorological data of 5 years 5 locations in 3 EU zones Simulates one application every week in period April-September Distribution of 120 data points Acute exposure: averaged over a single day Longer term exposure: averaged over longer period Daytime working period taken into account

In case of acute exposure, the target output is averaged over a single day

Time Target output re-entry interval application next application: residue is first set to zero

14/04 21/04

8 a.m.–6 p.m. 8 a.m.–6 p.m. re-entry interval

In case of longer term exposure, the target output is averaged over a longer assessment period

Time Target ouput longer term assessment period application next application: residue is first set to zero 14/04 21/04 8 a.m.–6 p.m.

The modules are combined in the software to estimate the different exposure routes

Overview of the presentation

Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation

The software

Dynamic process Will be available on the website for download:

www.browseproject.eu conceptual model developing algorithms coding developing and testing validation checking algorithms and results finished model working software tool iteration bug fixing and adapting features

WP2

The Assessment screen shows inputs which are common across all models

The Worker screen shows inputs which are specific for the worker model

Overview of the presentation

Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation

The estimated exposure levels seem to be in the same range as the currently used models

acute acute longer term longer term

0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 BROWSE median BROWSE 75th percentile EUROPOEM U.S. EPA wine grapes U.S. EPA table grapes Absorbed amount (mg/kg BW/d)

Harvesting of grapes

The estimated exposure levels seem to be in the same range as the currently used models

Harvesting of orchard fruit

acute acute longer term longer term

0,05 0,1 0,15 BROWSE median BROWSE 75th percentile EUROPOEM U.S. EPA Absorbed amount (mg/kg BW/d)

The estimated exposure decreases as the re-entry interval increases

Harvesting of orchard fruit

0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 Re-entry interval = 6 days Re-entry interval = 1 day Re-entry interval = 0 day Absorbed amount (mg/kg BW/d)

0,05 0,1 0,15 northern zone - Denmark central zone - Germany southern zone - Spain Absorbed amount (mg/kg BW/d) longer term acute

The estimated exposures are highest in the northern zone for a moderately volatile substance

Harvesting of orchard fruit

Dermal exposure is the most important exposure route

Harvesting of orchard fruit Contribution to total exposure

Northern zone Central zone Southern zone Dermal 99,3 99,2 99,1 Inhalation 0,0 0,1 0,2 Ingestion 0,7 0,7 0,7

The exposure increases as the vapour pressure decreases

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 low Vp medium Vp high Vp Absorbed amount (mg/kg BW/d) longer term acute

Harvesting of orchard fruit

Overview of the presentation

Introduction to BROWSE Overview of worker model Software Example outputs Indoor volatilisation

The volatilisation model for indoor scenarios is under development

Model development

vapour pressure temperature ventilation rate greenhouse type

Greenhouse experiments

vegetable greenhouses measure air concentration after application

comparison

Two types of sampling units and sorption tubes were used

1 small sampling unit 2 large sampling units

ORBO 42-L tubes

ORBO 42-L tubes inside crop

• utside crop

Two products were applied to a tomato crop in a single tank mixture

Applied products Scala (pyrimethanil) Corbel (fenpropimorf) Application rate 0,032 g/m² Sprayer type spray trolley

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Fenpropimorph 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 Pyrimethanil Single substance Mixture

Concentration in air (ng/m³)

Different sampling heights and sampling periods are considered

30 m 24 m large units small unit

Pump set-up 2 heights: 1,5 and 2,5 m Ventilation windows closed

• nly leakage losses

Sampling periods Day 0: consecutive periods of 15, 30, 60 and 120 min Day 1-4: sampling periods of 120 min during morning and afternoon

The highest levels are measured approximately 1 hour after application

5 10 15 20 25 20 40 60 80 Concentration (µg/m³) Hours

Breathing height Crop height

5 10 15 20 25 1 2 3 4

Fenpropimorf measured at aisle

The volatilisation experiments also help with identifying and confirming the most important factors

Temperature

in general: afternoon > morning

Vapour pressure

fenpropimorph > pyrimethanil

Location in greenhouse

centre > aisle

Sampling height

no pattern could be observed

Conclusions

Exposure estimates seem to be reasonable Model seems to react properly when changing inputs More testing and validation is needed The indoor volatilisation module is still under development

Questions?