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Word order variation in Dutch and German verb clusters Liesbeth - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Word order variation in Dutch and German verb clusters Liesbeth Augustinus HeadLex16 - 29 July, 2016 OUTLINE Introduction HPSG analysis of verb clusters Analysis of word order variation in verb clusters Conclusions omdat ik

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Word order variation in Dutch and German verb clusters

Liesbeth Augustinus

HeadLex16 - 29 July, 2016

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OUTLINE

  • Introduction
  • HPSG analysis of verb clusters
  • Analysis of word order variation in verb clusters
  • Conclusions
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CLUSTER FORMATION

  • mdat ik Marie een liedje heb horen zingen
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VERB CLUSTERS

DU ... dat hij dat boek moet1 hebben2 gevonden3. ... that he the book must have found ‘... that he must have found the book.’ GE … dass er das Buch finden3 können2 wird1. … that he the book find can will ‘… that he will be able to find the book.’

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VERB CLUSTERS

DU ... dat hij dat boek moet1 hebben2 gevonden3. ... that he the book must have found ‘... that he must have found the book.’ GE … dass er das Buch finden3 können2 wird1. … that he the book find can will ‘… that he will be able to find the book.’

àCharacteristic for Dutch and German àNot in English

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VERB CLUSTERS

DU ... dat hij dat boek heeft1 kunnen2 vinden3. ... that he the book has can find GE … dass er das Buch hat1 finden3 können2. … that he the book has find can ‘... that he has been able to find the book.’

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VERB CLUSTERS

DU ... dat hij dat boek heeft1 kunnen2 /*gekund vinden3. ... that he the book has can.IPP/*can.PSP find GE … dass er das Buch hat1 finden3 können2/*gekönnt. … that he the book has find can.IPP/*can.PSP ‘... that he has been able to find the book.’ à Infinitivus pro Participio Ersatzinfinitiv, double infinitive

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VERB CLUSTERS

DU ... dat hij dat boek moet1 hebben2 gevonden3. ... that he the book must have found ‘... that he must have found the book.’ ... dat hij dat boek moet1 gevonden3hebben2. ... dat hij dat boek gevonden3moet1 hebben2. à Word order variation without change of meaning

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VERB CLUSTERS

GE … dass er das Buch finden3 können2 wird1. … that he the book find can will ‘… that he will be able to find the book.’ … dass er das Buch wird1finden3 können2. ? … dass er das Buch finden3 wird1können2.

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VERB CLUSTERS ≠ Word order variation with a change of meaning

Ik zag dat de hond de kat achtervolgde. I saw that the dog the cat chased ‘I saw that the dog chased the cat.’ Ik zag dat de kat de hond achtervolgde. I saw that the cat the dog chased ‘I saw that the cat chased the dog.’

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VERB CLUSTERS

  • In sum, Dutch and German both show
  • verb cluster formation
  • IPP effect
  • word order variation in verb clusters
  • Dutch and German verb clusters differ with respect to
  • canonical word order (ascending vs descending)
  • attested word order variation
  • set of clustering verbs
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COMPLEMENT RAISING

An HPSG analysis of verb clusters

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AN HPSG MODEL OF VERB CLUSTERS

  • Link verbs to their non-verbal arguments
  • Take into account word order variation
  • Binary-branching trees
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Hinrichs & Nakazawa (1989,1990,1994) Argument inheritance or generalizedraising … dass Ulrich dieses Buch lesen können wird. ... that Ulrich this book read can will ‘... that Ulrich will be able to read this book.’

GENERALIZED RAISING

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Hinrichs & Nakazawa (1989,1990,1994) Argument inheritance or generalizedraising adapted to Dutch … dat Peter het boek zal kunnen vinden. ... that Peter the book will can find ‘... that Peter will be able to find the book.’

GENERALIZED RAISING

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GENERALIZED RAISING

Hinrichs & Nakazawa (1989,1990,1994) Argument inheritance or generalizedraising

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Problematic, at least for Dutch!

GENERALIZED RAISING

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Van Eynde & Augustinus (2013, 2014) Augustinus (2015) … dat Peter het boek zal kunnen vinden ‘... that Peter will be able to find the book’

COMPLEMENT RAISING

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Constraint on headed phrases à very powerful!

  • Not in P-initial PPs
  • Not in V-initial VPs
  • Not in CPs

COMPLEMENT RAISING

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Result: The COMPS list can shrink and expand at the same time if combined with the regular head-complement rule

COMPLEMENT RAISING

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WORD ORDER VARIATION

An HPSG analysis of verb clusters

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WORD ORDER VARIATION

  • Canonical word order
  • Dutch: ascending

e.g. zal1 kunnen2 lezen3 (will.FIN can.INF read.INF)

  • German: descending

e.g. lesen3 können2 wird1 (read.INF can.INF will.FIN)

  • But: variation in linear order
  • Dutch: position of past participle is variable
  • German: position of the finite verb is variable
  • Modelled with G(O)V(ERN)OR feature
  • cf. Kathol (2000), Bouma & Van Noord (1998)

~ FLIP in Hinrichs & Nakazawa (1994)

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WORD ORDER VARIATION

  • G(O)V(ERN)OR indicates the direction of the selector
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Dutch

  • Infinitival complements: [GVOR ←]
  • Past participles: [GVOR dir]
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Dutch

The canonical cases (1-2-3)

  • Moet1 hebben2 gevonden3 (must.FIN have.INF find.PSP)
  • Zal1 kunnen2 lezen3 (will.FIN can.INF read.INF)
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Dutch

Participle in the middle (1-3-2)

  • Moet1 gevonden3 hebben2 (must.FIN find.PSP have.INF)
  • *zal1 lezen3 kunnen2 (will.FIN read.INF can.INF)

à ruled out because lezen has [GVOR ←]

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: German

  • In most constructions:

infinitival complements: [GVOR à]

  • Past participles: [GVOR à]
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: German

The canonical cases (3-2-1)

  • Finden3 können2 wird1 (find.INF can.INF will.FIN)
  • Gelesen3 haben2 muss1 (read.PSP have.INF must.FIN)
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: German

The canonical cases (3-2-1)

  • Finden3 können2 wird1 (find.INF can.INF will.FIN)
  • Gelesen3 haben2 muss1 (read.PSP have.INF must.FIN)
  • * Haben2 gelesen3 muss1

à No equivalent to Dutch 1-3-2

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

Auxiliary flip (Oberfeldumstellung)

  • GE wird1 finden3 können2 (will.FIN find.INF can.INF)
  • DU kunnen2 lezen3 heeft1 (can.IPP read.INF have.FIN)
  • [GVOR à] for German and [GVOR ß] for Dutch

infinitival complements is too strict, but [GVOR dir] would overgenerate!

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  • Clustering verbs

Verbs which can select another verb in a verb cluster

  • GE wird1 finden3 können2(will.FIN find.INF can.INF)
  • DU kunnen2lezen3 heeft1(can.IPP read.INF have.FIN)

WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

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  • Clustering verbs

Verbs which can select another verb in a verb cluster

  • German

WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

Auxiliary flip (Oberfeldumstellung)

  • GE wird1 finden3 können2 (will.FIN find.INF can.INF)
  • DU kunnen2 lezen3 heeft1 (can.IPP read.INF have.FIN)
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  • Clustering verbs

Verbs which can select another verb in a verb cluster

  • Dutch

WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: Aux Flip

Auxiliary flip (Oberfeldumstellung)

  • GE wird1 finden3 können2 (will.FIN find.INF can.INF)
  • DU kunnen2 lezen3 heeft1 (can.IPP read.INF have.FIN)
  • Only in IPP-constructions, only in colloquial varieties of

Dutch

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • DU gevonden3 moet1 hebben2 (find.PSP must.FIN have.INF)
  • GE finden3 wird1 können2 (find.INF will.FIN can.INF)

à Main verb is not adjacent to its selector à Zwischenstellung à Problematic for binary-branching approaches

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • Bouma & Van Noord (1998): flat tree structures

+ More flexible w.r.t. word order variation

  • Additional features and constraints required to prevent
  • vergeneration
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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • Kathol (2000): domain feature to model linear order

à Phrase structure is not surface-oriented

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • Augustinus (2015): Dutch 3-1-2 as another instance of

complement raising e.g. gevonden3 moet1 hebben2 (find.PSP must.FIN have.INF)

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • Augustinus (2015): Dutch 3-1-2 as another instance of

complement raising à 3 can only be a past participle, as participles are [GVOR dir] à constructions of the type *lezen3 zal1 kunnen2 (read.INF will.FIN can.INF) are correctly ruled out ruled out because lezen has [GVOR ←]

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WORD ORDER VARIATION: 3-1-2

  • What about 3-1-2 constructions?
  • Extension to German 3-1-2: combining complement raising

with Oberfeldumstellung

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CONCLUSION

  • HPSG analysis of verb clusters
  • Taking into account word order variation
  • Binary branching
  • Combination of complement raising and linearization

constraints (using GVOR)

  • Accounts for the variation attested in Dutch and German

verb clusters

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Thanks for your attention!