Women in the Progressive Era By; Cynthia Galvan, Leslie Estrada, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Women in the Progressive Era

By; Cynthia Galvan, Leslie Estrada, Emma Siemens

Accomplishments

• Women's suffrage- 19th amendment in 1920, Susan B,

Anthony

• Reform in family structures- Jane Addams, Hull House
• Labor Reform- UMWA, West Virginia Strike (1911-12),

Colorado Strike (1913-14)

• Muckraking- Ida B Wells, Ida Tarbell
• Peace Movements- Women's Parade Committee, Women’s Peace

Party

• Sanitary Reform- Caroline Bartlett Crane, Mary E

McDowell, Edith W. Pierce, Catherine Beecher

Background Information

• Primary gathering to gather support for women's rights in

1948 in Seneca Falls

• Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton unsuccessfully

lobbied lobbied Congress to include women in the 14th and 15th amendments

• Focuses exclusively on the right to vote in wake of Civil

War

Background Information

• California Senator Aaron Sargent

introduced a women’s suffrage amendment in 1878, was unsuccessful and the movement stalled

• In the late 1880s women started

to become more involved in their community

• Helped motivate more women to

support the suffrage movement

Susan B. Anthony Early life

• Born on February 15th, 1820, in Addams

Massachusetts

• Raised in a Quaker family
• Taught for 15 years at Canajoharie

Academy- equal wages

• Turned to temperance- first public

speech at Daughters of Temperance meeting in 1848

• Invited to Sons of Temperance meeting

to listen and learn- attends first women’s rights convention (1852)

Susan B. Anthony

• Formed Women’s State Temperance Society- petition to

regulate liquor sales in New York but was dismissed

• Joined anti-slavery movement- American Anti- Slavery

Society

• Focused on Women’s rights- needed voice in government

for any reform to occur

• Founded American Equal Rights

Association (1868)

• Became Editor of The Revolution

○ “Men their rights, and nothing more; women their rights, and nothing less”

Susan B. Anthony

• Founded National Woman Suffrage Association (1869)
• Voted illegally in presidential election of 1872
• Published first volume of History of Woman Suffrage with

Elizabeth Stanton, Ida Harper, & Matilda Gage

Jane Addams early life

• Born September 6th, 1860- Died May 21, 1935

in Cedarville, Illinois

• Father was a local political leader and state

senator

• Graduated from Rockford Female Seminary in

1881

• Dropped out of medical school and toured

Europe

• Visited settlement house-Toynbee Hall
• Opened similar house in Chicago for

underprivileged- Hull House (1889)

Jane Addams

• Became involved in Peace reform
• Spoke against WWI Entrance in 1914
• Became president of Women’s International League for

Peace and Freedom until 1929 - 6 international conferences

Hull House

• Originally began as reading center
• Women needed childcare- began kindergarten
• Sewing and cooking lessons, lectures
• Expanded to other buildings used for classes, clubs,

nursery school, public library, gymnasium

• Became center for Women/Family Reform

Margaret Sanger

• 10.14.1879-10.6.1966
• Practiced obstetrical nursing in the

Lower East side of New York City

• Saw high rates of infant and maternal

fatalities, deaths from illegal abortions, and poverty levels rising with uncontrolled fertility

• Decided to devote her life to educating

the population about contraception

Margaret Sanger

• Published many written pieces on the topic
• Including: “What Every Girl Should Know” for the New York

Call, “The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda” for the Birth Control Review, issued a magazine titled “The Women Rebel”, and books titled What Every Mother Should Know and My Fight For Birth Control

• She was indicted for sending out mail advocating birth

control, but the charges were later dropped

Margaret Sanger

• Opened the first Birth Control Clinic in the U.S in

Brooklyn in 1916

• Was arrested and charged with maintaining a “public

nuisance”

• The legal harassment helped sway public opinion
• She prompted the federal courts to allow physicians to

educate their patients about birth control

• She also helped the courts to reinterpret the Comstock

Act of 1873

Margaret Sanger

• Founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL)
• ABCL helped found the Birth Control Federation of America
• Birth Control Federation of America became Planned

Parenthood Federation in 1942

Carrie Chapman Catt

• 1.9.1859-3.9.1947
• Graduated from Iowa State Agricultural College
• Advanced from teacher to superintendent
• Married twice, Leo Chapman and George Catt

Carrie Chapman Catt

• Joined the Iowa Woman Suffrage

Association in the late 1880s

• Became involved with the National

American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

• Was a very influential speaker, spoke all
• ver the country
• Elected president of NAWSA in 1900

Carrie Chapman Catt

• Founded the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
• Retired in 1904 to care for dying husband
• Decided to mourn and travel abroad
• Assisted in founding the Woman’s Peace Party in 1915
• Returned to NAWSA Presidency in 1915
• Devised the “Winning Plan”
• Helped ensure final victory

Carrie Chapman Catt

• Combined the New York City suffrage

groups into the Woman Suffrage Party

• Greatly contributed to New York state

suffrage victory in 1917

• Founded League of Women Voters
• Served as their honorary

president until her death

Carrie Chapman Catt

• During her life she also focused on issues such as world

peace, child labor, and nazisim.

• Organized the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War
• Worked with Jewish refugees during Hitler’s rise to power

Alice Paul

• 1.11.1885-6.9.1977
• Parents taught gender equality
• Mother was a suffragist
• Attended Swarthmore College
• Earned PhD from University of

Pennsylvania

• Went to England and met Lucy Burns and

joined women's suffrage effort there

• Joined National American Woman Suffrage

Association

• Lead Washington DC chapter

Alice Paul

• Lobbied Congress for a Constitutional

Amendment

• Differences in political strategy led Paul and
• thers to leave NAWSA
• Formed National Woman’s Party
• Organized many marches supporting suffrage
• Largest march in Washington DC on March 3,

1913

• Approx. 8,000 women participated
• Met with Woodrow Wilson on March 17th, said it

was to early to amend constitution

Alice Paul

• Organized a demonstration and founded the Congressional

Union for Woman Suffrage

• In January 1917, Paul and over 1,000 other “Silent

Sentinels” started their picketing in front of the White House

• Harassed by spectators
• Arrested on “Obstructing Traffic” charges
• Paul sentenced to 7 months in jail
• News of her treatment gathered public support, by 1918

Woodrow Wilson publicly supported suffrage

Hanna McCormick

• 3.27.1880-12.31.1944
• Attended elite private schools

throughout her youth

• When 16, her father was elected

into US Senate and they moved to Washington DC

• Married Medill McCormick, heir

to the Chicago Tribune, in 1903

Hanna McCormick

• Joined the Settlement House Movement
• Also active in the pure foods movement
• Started her own dairy farm and breedery, sold quality

milk to the public

Hanna McCormick

• Was active in the Suffrage Movement from 1913-1920
• Worked as a lobbyist to confirm the Illinois Equal

Suffrage Act passed in 1913

• Succeeded ALice Paul as the chair of the Congressional

Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association

• Wanted to bring women into the Republican Party
• In 1918 she was elected to direct the Republican Women’s

National Executive Committee

Hanna McCormick

• Became the first National Committeewoman from Illinois
• Husband failed to get re-elected for senate
• Hanna blamed his loss on a lack of female voters
• Spent the following 4 years creating GOP women’s clubs
• Had a club in 90 out of Illinois’ 102 counties

Hanna McCormick

• Believed it was best to keep U.S
• ut of war
• Elected U.S Representative from

Illinois in 1928

• Decided to run for Senate,

nominated by the Republican Party

• First Woman to be nominated for

Senate by a major party

• Didn’t win due to a plethora of

reasons

Hanna McCormick Simms

• Married Albert Gallatin Simms in 1932
• He was also a Representative during the

71st Congress

• First time two concurrent Members had

married

• Moved to New Mexico
• She started an all girls’ school
• Continued to manage two newspapers and a

radio station in Illinois

• Sold dairy farm and bought 250,000 acres
• f cattle land in Colorado :)

Hanna McCormick Simms

• Became first woman to manage a presidential campaign in

1940

• Worked for Thomas Dewey
• Gave multiple speeches a day

Hanna McCormick Simms

• Fell off a horse on her ranch in Colorado
• Broke her shoulder and was diagnosed with pancreatitis
• Pancreas burst on December 4th, died on December 31st

Ida B Wells

• One of the founders of the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People

• Became a teacher after parents and brother died, being a

black woman, she was only paid $30 a month while white teachers were being paid $80

• First was a civil rights activist, then involved herself

in Women Reform

• 1864-Helped form a Republican Women’s Club in Illinois in

response to granting women the right to vote for a state elective office

Ida B Wells

• After being involved in civil rights movement, she

involved herself in women’s movement.

• 1896-Wells founded the National Association of Colored

Women’s Club and National Afro American Council.

• NACWC motto “Lifting as we climb”.

Caroline Bartlett Crane

• From Kalamazoo, Michigan, was hired as a consultant by
• ver 60 municipalities to prepare sanitary surveys.
• One of the leads for sanitary reform.
• Acquired a national reputation for municipal

housekeeping.

• Compiled a manual in 1904 called “Studies in

Housekeeping” for the Michigan State Federation of Women’s Clubs and taught a course in her hometown.

Caroline Bartlett Crane

• By 1917, she had inspected 62

cities in 14 states earning a reputation as “America's public housekeeper” (Notable 402)

• She discovered unsanitary

conditions in slaughterhouses, and was able to successfully campaign for meat inspection.

• Founded the Women’s Civic

Improvement League in 1903-04

• The purpose of the league was to

improve and beautify Michigan

Mary E McDowell

• With Elizabeth Harrison’s support she began teaching

Kindergarten classes in the Hull House

• Worked with residents of the stockyard to improve their

neighborhood through education of political rights and civic consciousness.

• Major initiative she headed early on was establishing

civic clubs for both women AND men.

• 1894-Opened up the University of Chicago Settlement House

to alleviate the crowded, unsanitary housing immigrant families often faced.

Mary E Mcdowell

• She lobbied the US Government to establish the Women’s

Bureau to study living and working conditions of women and children.

• The Women’s Bureau then became a war-time service to

employ women. Was established just two months before women could vote.

• Also commonly known as the “garbage lady”
• Effectively caused substantial changes in the solid waste

disposal practices of Chicago, Illinois.

Women’s Bureau

• Focused on women’s working conditions in industries

including manufacturing, household employment, and clothing industry.

• 21% of Americans employed at this time were women, who

worked long hours with little wages.

• Successfully advocated for the inclusion of women under

the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which, set minimum wages, and maximum working hours.

Edith W Pierce

• Rewarded for service in 1913 when she became

the first female inspector of street cleaning

• Morris L Cooke noted her responsibilities

would be much more different that men inspectors.

• Had to inspect the whole city, motivated by

the 3 C’s, Care, Common-Sense, and Cooperation.

• Efficiently carried out her official

assignments

• Organized sectional associations for keeping

streets, sidewalks, homes, and schools clean.

• Founded a Junior Sanitation League

The End :)