Women in Peace Agreements An Analysis of the PA-X Dataset Research - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Women in Peace Agreements An Analysis of the PA-X Dataset

Research Questions • Under what circumstances are women accounted for in agreements? • When women are mentioned in the agreement, how are they accounted for? • Are recommendations found in agreements implemented?

The PA-X Dataset • 1,518 peace agreements • 1990-2015 • Coded on over 200 variables • Permits statistical analysis, but also searches of the full text

When are women included?

Change over time

Change over time- ‘Gender Score’ Women’s participation o Women’s equality o o Particular groups of women o International law on gender o New institutions for women o Violence against women o Transitional justice with regard for women o Institutional reform accounting for women o Development Women’s involvement in implementation o o Other references to women

Peace Process Stages Inter/Intra-state agreements Intra-state agreements Pre-Negotiation 9 (16%) 50 (12%) Framework-Substantive, Partial 8 (18%) 112 (38%) Framework-Substantive, Comprehensive 0 (0%) 56 (65%) Implementation/Renegotiation 13 (16%) 39 (20%) Renewal 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Ceasefire 0 (0%) 29 (12%)

Power-Sharing Inclusion of Women Gender Score Coeff. Sig. Coeff. Sig. Types of Power Sharing Political Power-Sharing 0.67 <0.001 0.30 <0.00 1 Territorial Power-Sharing 0.17 0.45 0.01 0.99 Economic Power-Sharing -0.21 0.50 0.03 0.83 Military Power-Sharing -0.18 0.43 -0.07 0.45 Controls Document Length 0.15 <0.001 0.05 <0.00 1 Year 0.06 0.001 0.03 <0.00 1 UN Signatory 0.29 0.12 0.18 0.01 Other Int Signatory -0.35 0.05 -0.18 0.1 UNR1325 0.43 0.15 -0.11 0.33 N 1518 1518 Cox & Snell R Squared 0.23 Adjusted R Squared 0.4

How are they accounted for?

Different ways women are discussed

Violence against Women

Transitional Justice Themes Codes Agreements Women as Prisoners Conditions 3 Amnesty 10 TOTAL 13 Needs of Women General 1 Resources 5 Rehabilitation 6 Burial of Children 2 Sport 1 As witnesses 3 Anti-Propaganda 1 TOTAL 19 Women as Victims General 6 Crime 1 Violence 4 Bereavement 10 Abduction 6 Rape/Gender based Violence 8 TOTAL 35 New Institutions for Women Truth Commissions 7 Education Program 2 Women’s organisations 4 involvement Task force/Working group 2 TOTAL 15 Women & TJ General 4

Implementation

Women & Implementation Women & Implementation UN Signatory 30 (3%) Non-UN Signatory 17 (5%) Intra-State 45 (4%) Inter-Intra State 2 (1%) Pre-Negotiation 6 (1%) Framework-Substantive, Partial 21 (6%) Framework-Substantive, Comprehensive 11 (12%) Implementation/Renegotiation 5 (2%) Renewal 0 (0%) Ceasefire 4 (2%) Before UNR1325 11 (1%) After UNR1325 36 (5%) Power-Sharing Agreement 25 (5%) Non-Power-Sharing Agreement 22 (2%)

Constitutional Changes