Winter and Spring Canola Fertility Management Don Wysocki, OSU - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Winter and Spring Canola Fertility Management Don Wysocki, OSU Haiying Tao, Bill Pan, Isaac Madsen, WSU

OSU Canola Fertilizer Guide D. J. Wysocki, M. Corp, D.A. Horneck and L. K. Lutcher http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8943-e.pdf EM 8943-E November 2007

DM and N Uptake 20000 250 236 189 187 200 197 15376 15000 153 175 Lb/acre 12212 150 121 124 12620 10000 9470 100 6954 5000 4534 50 2719 2407 0 0 0 0 P WR SR BOLT IB EB FB PF H

Phosphorus and Sulfur Uptake 50 47 41 44 44 41 40 40 39 lb/acre 30 33 30 23 27 22 20 14 15 14 10 9 S #/A P#/A 0 0 0 Sowing Winter Spring Bolting First Early Full Pod Harvest Rosette Rosette Bloom Bloom Bloom Filling

Phosphorus Soil Test Phosphorus Plant Available Amount P2O5 to (P) * Index Apply** ppm (lb/ac) 0 to 5 Very Low 25 to 30 6 to 10 Low 20 to 25 11 to15 Moderate 15 to 20 Over 15 High none *sodium bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus **banded or placed with drill

Sulfur Amount of Soil Test Plant Available Sulfur (S) to (SO4-S) (ppm) Index Apply (lb/ac) 0 to 5 Low 20 to 40* 6 to 10 Moderate 10 to 40 Over 10 High 10 * 1 lb S /100 lb seed yield N:S 7:1

Sulfur on Yellow Mustard 1000 +S -S 900 800 700 600 500 Lb/acre 400 300 200 100 0 P, S, P, S S S,Cl P, Cl P Cl Check Cl

Boron Soil Test (ppm) Amount to Apply (lb/ac) Broadcast Foliar <0.1 1-2 0.5-1.0 0.1-0.2 1 0.5 0.2-0.5 0-1 0-0.5 >0.5 None None

N Fertility Trials on Summer-Planted Canola Planting Date: June 2012, 2013 Variety: Amanda Seed rate: 6lb/acre N Rate: 140 lb/acre with split application @ planting, fall, or spring

N Fertility Trials 2013 and 2014 Planting Fall Spring 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 50 50 0 0 50 50 50 0 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 25 50 25 75 0 75

Yield % of Check 140 137 131 128 124 118 111 110 109 100 C P F P F P P P P P F S S F F F S S S S Check 2013 = 1038 2014 = 2085

Haiying Tao, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, WSU Area of Interest: Soil Fertility and Residue Management On-farm Research and Demonstration • Canola Fertility Trials • Grazing on winter canola • N inhibitor evaluation • Post-harvest evaluation for N management • On-farm monitor of N loss in tile drainage in high rainfall area

New N FertilityTrials for Winter Canola at Hartline, Ritzville, and St. John: Harsher conditions cause more plant dieback than at N. OR studies, may cause higher N requirements, different N timing strategies to support plant regrowth. Factor Treatments N Rate 0 Recommended rate – 50% Recommended rate Recommended rate + 50% N Timing Fall Spring 60% Fall + 40% Spring Micronutrients Yes NO

Grazing Early Planted Winter Canola Thanks to Rob Dewald, John Pearson Winter Canola Variety: Amanda Planting Date: June 28 Grazing Density: 250 cows/30 acre canola for 23 days Grazing Date: Sep. 18-Oct.10

Forage Yield DM 13% 87% Moisture

Canola Forage Nutrition Crude NDF ADF Crude Ash RFV NO 3 -N S protein Fat ----------------------------- % ----------------------------- Corn silage 8.0 42.5 25.9 3.2 4.2 153 Triticale silage 15.1 56.3 38.3 4.7 10.0 98 Alfalfa silage 20.0 37.2 32.0 4.0 8.0 161 Canola silage 21.1 20.7 19.9 4.1 16.6 324 Canola Sept 14 31.9 22.9 15.4 3.6 20.3 313 9856 0.88 Canola Sept 20 27.5 23.8 18.6 3.0 21.5 291 3779 0.96 Reference: UI

Forage Yield 3 Above Ground Dry Biomass 2.5 2 1.5 (ton/acre) 1 0.5 0

Canola Regrowth Photos Taken on November 17 th Grazing date Grazing date September 19-25 October 5-10

Fertilizer N Uptake vs. Residual Soil N (mostly carry over nitrate) Uptake by Wheat & Soil N Soil N Spring Nf Fall Nf Fall Nf Sowers et al., 1995. AJ 86: 942-8.

Sp Spri ring canola la UNRs (lb lb total l N su supply ly/100 lb lb se seed) ) decrease with ith in increasin ing water su supply ly and yie ield ld potentia ial Water supply

65 Years of Water-Nitrogen-Yield Predictions Halvorson, Koehler, 1975 Jacquot, 1953 Leggett, 1959 Koenig, 2005

Calculate spring canola N fertilizer requirement based on soil test results Total soil N supply = _________________ 69 lb soil N/A If the yield potential is 2000 lbs/acre, the total N supply requirement is 7 lbs N/100 wt x 20 100 wt = 140 lb N/A ______________________ and the fertilizer N requirement is 140 lb N/A – 69 lb soil N/A = 71 lb fert N/A ________________________. This soil (is, is not) deficient in P. This soil (is, is not) deficient in K. This soil (is, is not) too acid. This soil (has, does not have) salinity problems?

High N Field

Ammonia/Ammonium Toxicity to Canola Roots Isaac Madsen WSU 1/30/2017 Ritzville, WA

Canola vs. Wheat Roots  # Primary Axes  Geotropism  Rooting Depth  Main Axes Diameter  Root Hair Length

Wheat vs. Canola-Influence of Geotropism and Multi vs Single Main Axes

Increasing N Rate

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea lb/A Row Spacing (in) 6 76 12 38 18 25 24 19

Changing N Fertilizer Source

Changes in Roots System Architecture Due to Changing N Type (14.6 mg N /cm) Urea Ammonium Control Sulfate

www.lincoln-adams.wsu.edu/agriculture Tap root susceptibility to deep banded N? Winter Canola Yield (Lbs/ac) 840 820 a † 800 780 760 740 b 720 b 700 680 660 0 lbs N/ac 15 lbs N/ac30 lbs N/ac Banded N Fertiliz ization study wit ith win inter canola la north of Alm lmir ira Aaron Esser 2015

CANOLA FERTILITY Summary • Fertilizer carries over from one season to the next, so SOIL TEST! • Canola accumulates more N and more aggressively scavenges N than wheat. • Wheat yield based N recommendation method applies to canola N management, but with different UNRs. • UNRs (lb total N supply/100 lb seed) decrease with increasing water supply, ranging from 13 to 6 lb N/100 lb grain yield • 1 lb P/ 100 lb grain yield • 1 lb S/100 lb grain yield • B, Zn, Mo other micronutrients additional work needed • Beware of Ammonia toxicity of SOME N fertilizers at planting. N timing, placement, and source adjustments from wheat N management are recommended.

Suggestions and Your Needs for Canola Fertility Study?