Winter and Spring Canola Fertility Management Don Wysocki, OSU - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Winter and Spring Canola Fertility Management

Don Wysocki, OSU Haiying Tao, Bill Pan, Isaac Madsen, WSU

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8943-e.pdf

• D. J. Wysocki, M. Corp, D.A. Horneck and L. K. Lutcher

OSU Canola Fertilizer Guide

EM 8943-E November 2007

2407 2719 4534 6954 9470 12212 15376 12620

121 124 189 187 236 197 175 153

50 100 150 200 250

5000 10000 15000 20000 P WR SR BOLT IB EB FB PF H

Lb/acre

DM and N Uptake

9 15 22 27 33 41 47 40 14 14 23 30 39 44 44 41

10 20 30 40 50

Sowing Winter Rosette Spring Rosette Bolting First Bloom Early Bloom Full Bloom Pod Filling Harvest

lb/acre

Phosphorus and Sulfur Uptake

S #/A P#/A

Phosphorus

Soil Test Phosphorus (P) * Plant Available Index Amount P2O5 to Apply** ppm (lb/ac) 0 to 5 Very Low 25 to 30 6 to 10 Low 20 to 25 11 to15 Moderate 15 to 20 Over 15 High none *sodium bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus **banded or placed with drill

Sulfur

Soil Test (SO4-S) (ppm) Plant Available Index Amount of Sulfur (S) to Apply (lb/ac) 0 to 5 Low 20 to 40* 6 to 10 Moderate 10 to 40 Over 10 High 10 * 1 lb S /100 lb seed yield N:S 7:1

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 P, S, Cl P, S S S,Cl P, Cl P Cl Check Lb/acre

Sulfur on Yellow Mustard

+S

• S

Boron

Soil Test (ppm) Amount to Apply (lb/ac) Broadcast Foliar <0.1 1-2 0.5-1.0 0.1-0.2 1 0.5 0.2-0.5 0-1 0-0.5 >0.5 None None

N Fertility Trials on Summer-Planted Canola Planting Date: June 2012, 2013 Variety: Amanda Seed rate: 6lb/acre N Rate: 140 lb/acre with split application @ planting, fall, or spring

Planting Fall Spring 100 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 25 50 25 75 75

N Fertility Trials 2013 and 2014

100 110 118 109 140 137 128 124 131 111 C P F P F F S P S P F S P F S P F S P S Yield % of Check Check 2013 = 1038 2014 = 2085

Haiying Tao, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, WSU Area of Interest: Soil Fertility and Residue Management On-farm Research and Demonstration

• Canola Fertility Trials
• Grazing on winter canola
• N inhibitor evaluation
• Post-harvest evaluation for N management
• On-farm monitor of N loss in tile drainage in high rainfall area

New N FertilityTrials for Winter Canola at Hartline, Ritzville, and St. John: Harsher conditions cause more plant dieback than at N. OR studies, may cause higher N requirements, different N timing strategies to support plant regrowth.

Factor Treatments N Rate Recommended rate – 50% Recommended rate Recommended rate + 50% N Timing Fall Spring 60% Fall + 40% Spring Micronutrients Yes NO

Grazing Early Planted Winter Canola

Thanks to Rob Dewald, John Pearson

Winter Canola Variety: Amanda Planting Date: June 28 Grazing Density: 250 cows/30 acre canola for 23 days Grazing Date: Sep. 18-Oct.10

Forage Yield

87% 13%

DM Moisture

Canola Forage Nutrition

Crude protein NDF ADF Crude Fat Ash RFV NO3-N S

• ---------------------------- % -----------------------------

Corn silage 8.0 42.5 25.9 3.2 4.2 153 Triticale silage 15.1 56.3 38.3 4.7 10.0 98 Alfalfa silage 20.0 37.2 32.0 4.0 8.0 161 Canola silage 21.1 20.7 19.9 4.1 16.6 324 Canola Sept 14 31.9 22.9 15.4 3.6 20.3 313 9856 0.88 Canola Sept 20 27.5 23.8 18.6 3.0 21.5 291 3779 0.96 Reference: UI

Forage Yield

Above Ground Dry Biomass (ton/acre)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Canola Regrowth

Photos Taken on November 17th Grazing date September 19-25 Grazing date October 5-10

Fertilizer N Uptake vs. Residual Soil N (mostly carry over nitrate) Uptake by Wheat &

Sowers et al., 1995. AJ 86: 942-8.

Soil N Fall Nf Soil N

Fall Nf

Spring Nf

Sp Spri ring canola la UNRs (lb lb total l N su supply ly/100 lb lb se seed) ) decrease with ith in increasin ing water su supply ly and yie ield ld potentia ial

Water supply

65 Years of Water-Nitrogen-Yield Predictions

Jacquot, 1953 Halvorson, Koehler, 1975 Leggett, 1959 Koenig, 2005

Total soil N supply = _________________ If the yield potential is 2000 lbs/acre, the total N supply requirement is ______________________ and the fertilizer N requirement is ________________________. This soil (is, is not) deficient in P. This soil (is, is not) deficient in K. This soil (is, is not) too acid. This soil (has, does not have) salinity problems? 7 lbs N/100 wt x 20 100 wt = 140 lb N/A 140 lb N/A – 69 lb soil N/A = 71 lb fert N/A

Calculate spring canola N fertilizer requirement based on soil test results

69 lb soil N/A

High N Field

Ammonia/Ammonium Toxicity to Canola Roots

Isaac Madsen WSU 1/30/2017 Ritzville, WA

Canola vs. Wheat Roots

 # Primary Axes  Geotropism  Rooting Depth  Main Axes Diameter  Root Hair Length

Wheat vs. Canola-Influence of Geotropism and Multi vs Single Main Axes

Increasing N Rate

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Increasing rate of deep banded urea

Row Spacing (in) lb/A

6 76 12 38 18 25 24 19

Changing N Fertilizer Source

Changes in Roots System Architecture Due to Changing N Type (14.6 mg N /cm)

Urea Ammonium Sulfate Control

Banded N Fertiliz ization study wit ith win inter canola la north of Alm lmir ira

www.lincoln-adams.wsu.edu/agriculture

660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840

0 lbs N/ac 15 lbs N/ac30 lbs N/ac

Winter Canola Yield (Lbs/ac)

a†

b b

Aaron Esser 2015

Tap root susceptibility to deep banded N?

CANOLA FERTILITY Summary

• Fertilizer carries over from one season to the next, so SOIL TEST!
• Canola accumulates more N and more aggressively scavenges N

than wheat.

• Wheat yield based N recommendation method applies to canola

N management, but with different UNRs.

• UNRs (lb total N supply/100 lb seed) decrease with increasing

water supply, ranging from 13 to 6 lb N/100 lb grain yield

• 1 lb P/ 100 lb grain yield
• 1 lb S/100 lb grain yield
• B, Zn, Mo other micronutrients additional

work needed

• Beware of Ammonia toxicity of SOME N fertilizers at planting.

N timing, placement, and source adjustments from wheat N management are recommended.

Suggestions and Your Needs for Canola Fertility Study?