Wildlife in the Tropical wwfthai. Wetlands org Dr . Chavalit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wildlife in the Tropical wwfthai. Wetlands org Dr . Chavalit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 17, 2023 46 likes •718 views

www. Wildlife in the Tropical wwfthai. Wetlands org Dr . Chavalit Vidthayanon Senior Freshwater Biologist WWF Greatermekong Thailand www. wwfthai. org Example of wetland wildlife cases Freshwater dolphins Dugong Wetland

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www. wwfthai.

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  • Dr. Chavalit Vidthayanon

Senior Freshwater Biologist WWF Greatermekong Thailand

Wildlife in the Tropical Wetlands

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  • Example of wetland wildlife cases
  • Freshwater dolphins
  • Dugong
  • Wetland dependent mammals
  • Amphibians
  • Freshwater & Sea turtles
  • Aquatic reptiles
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Keystone-Flagship species samples

Mekong basin: Giant catfish, big fishes, Irrawaddi

dolphin

Central plains: big fishes, stingrays, croc. Coastal : Cetacea, sharks and rays Peat swamp forests: Stenotopic fishes, croc. Seagrass beds: dugong, dolphins, fishes Lagoon and Lake: Irrawaddi dolphin, sharks and rays

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  • Endangered aquatic mammals

– Irrawaddi dolphin : Mainstreams, lagoons – Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin: Coastal waters – Smooth-coated otter: forested streams – Hairy-nosed otter: peatswamps

– Dugong: seagrasses

  • Endangered aquatic Reptiles

– จระเขน้ําจืด Siamese Crocodile: flooded forests – มานลาย Giant softshell turtle: river sand dunes – เตากระอาน Batagur baska: lowland rivers, estuaries

แหลงอาศัยของสัตวปา Critical Species and Habitats

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  • Over 300 species of Migratory Birds
  • นกใกลสูญพันธุของโลก Globally threatened waterbirds

– กระเรียน Eastern sarus crane – นางนวลแกลบทองดํา Black-bellied tern – นางนวลแกลบแมน้ํา Indian river tern – กระแตผียักษ Great thick-knee

– Giant ibis – White-shouldered ibis

  • Endemic birds

– Mekong wagtail – Mekong Bengal florican

Mekong Wetlands as Bird Habitats and Birding Sites

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Globally Threatened Waterbirds

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Wetland dependent mammals

Baycat: Endangered Flathead cat: Endangered Hairy-nosed otter Giant otter Otter civet

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Asian Rhinos: EN to Critical Saola: EN Wild buffalos

Asian Mega fauna

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Barasinga Eld’s deer Pere david’s deer Asian tapir

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Indochinese hogdeer

Axis porcinus annamiticus

Critically Endangered: CR

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Congo Rain Forest Wetlands Neotropic Rain Forest Wetlands

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OKAVANGO SWAMP

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Quiz of the hour

  • Cetaceans is the closest relative to ???

– Dugong – Seals – Pigs

Me? Me?

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Coastal cetaceans

Bryde’s whale Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin

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GLOBAL 200 ECOREGIONS Boto, Amazon River dolphin Tucuxi Baiji, Yangtze dolphin Finless porpoise Susu, Ganges dolphin Bhulan, Indus dolphin Irrawaddy dolphin

Freshwater dolphins under threats

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Ganges River dolphin,susu

(Platanista gangetica gangetica)

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Indus River dolphin, bhulan

(Platanista gangetica minor)

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Yangtze River dolphin, Baiji

(Lipotes vexillifer) EX

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Yangze Finless Porpoise

(Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)

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Amazon River dolphin, Boto,

(Inia geoffrensis)

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Irrawaddy dolphin, Pa Kha\

(Orcaella brevirostris)

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Irrawaddi dolphin โลมาหัวบาตรครีบหลัง

2.5 m/160kg Food: Catfishes,

fishes and squids

Habitat: coastal to

inner river, up to 1,000 km from the sea.

Mandalay Chilika Lagoon Siphandon-Kratie Bangpakong Thale noi Mahakam R. Important inland populations Different species

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Threats to dolphins !

  • Intensive catch for Dolphinaria,

Zoos and aquarium

  • International trade
  • Habitat lost
  • Pollution
  • By-catch dead
  • Over 90 dolphinaria in Asia
  • More than 50 dolphins exported

From Thailand, Indonesia (2003)

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IUCN Red list of Freshwater Dolphins

Indus River dolphin: ENDANGERED (EN) Ganges River dolphin: ENDANGERED (EN) Irrawaddy dolphin/some populations: CRITICALLY

ENDANGERED (CR) (DD)

Finless porpoise: ENDANGERED (EN) Yangtze river dolphin: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

(CR/PE)

Amazon river dolphin: VULNERABLE (VU) Tucuxi: Data deficient (DD)

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  • Dolphin/whale watching

tourism

  • Local tourism benefit

Value of cetaceans

Laos-Cambodian Mekong Inner Gulf of Thailand Chilika Lake India Monkey Mea Aus.

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Seagrass specialist

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Seagrass beds as fishes nursing ground and dugong habitats

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Dugongs farm seagrass – when dugongs are lost from an area it may decline in habitat quality

From Helene Marsh 23 Aug. 05 Dugong Conservation Workshop James Cook University Australia Dugong biology, ecology, populations and behaviour

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Area of occupancy: shallow coastal waters potentially > 125,800 km2 Area of occupancy: shallow coastal waters potentially > 125,800 km2

Critical habitat seagrass beds < 10m especially <3m Critical habitat seagrass beds < 10m especially <3m

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Threats to the dugong

Boat strikes Agricultural pollution Food/medicine/artefacts for subsistence Gill netting Coastal development

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Uncertain prospects

Population size thousands ? % global range 45 % of range believed declining 19 % range declining/ unknown 100 % range gill nets 91-100 % range human settlement 100 % range harvested food/ medicine/ artefacts 89-99 Threat score High

South East Asia

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High risk of extinction

Population size thousands No % global range 3 % of range believed declining 97 % range declining/ unknown 100 % range gill nets 97 % range human settlement 100 % range harvested food/ medicine/ artefacts 97 Threat score Very High

Indian region

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from World Resource Institute

Threats from human settlement in the dugong’s range Food security is an issue in much of the range

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Quiz of the hour

  • Which animal that is cousin of Dugong, Manatees

and Sea cows ???

  • Cattles
  • Elephants
  • Hippos
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Global 22 species. All CITES List 8 spp. In Asian wetlands

Farmed over 10 species, annually over 10 million crocs consumed.

Crocodilians

True Wetland reptiles

Control mammal and fish populations, including their carrions

Mostly tropical, 3 subtropical and temperate

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Depended on wetland biodiversity: Forest-waters

Invert.-Amphibians-Fishes-Mammals/Birds

Chinese alligator Temperate croc.

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Indo-Pacific Crocodile Crocodylus porosus widest distribution Siamese croc. Crocodylus siamensis False gharial Tomistoma schelegeli

Southeast Asian Crocs

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Other wetland depended reptiles

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Coastal Seasnakes Consumed in Philippines and Okinawa as food and traditional medicine

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Trionycidae Bataguridae Platysternidae

14 Spp in Redlist 2 CR in S-SEA 9 Spp in Redlist 1 CR in S-SEA 35 Spp in Redlist 9 CR in S-SEA

Testudinidae

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Endemic Countries

Viet Nam Myanmar

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Main threats Critical Critical Critical

Delicacy: China, VN Wildlife pet trade: Japan,EU

Heosemys depressa Myanmar Chitra chitra TH Callagur borneensis SEA

Wetland lost: All

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Quiz of the hour

  • Who is the only one tetrapod that

feed mainly on sponges??

  • Why some sea turtle species died

for rubbish plastic bag eating??

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Leatherback turtle Green sea turtle Olive ridley turtle Loggerhead turtle Hawksbill sea turtle Flatback turtle

Black sea turtle Kemp’s ridley turtle

Sea Turtle Sea Turtle

2 families 8 species

Atlantic

Indo-Pacific

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Survival rate of adults 1 pair from 5000 eggs Males hatched from lower 28 C Journey for over 3000 km annually Over 1000 m dives One of the largest living reptile : Leatherback 2.6 m/ 916 kg Originated from Cretaceus; 130 mya. Recent species came for 60-10 mys.

Sea turtle Fact Sheet

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เตาตะนุ Green sea turtle

Chelonia mydas Diet: seagrass

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เตาหัวคอน

Loggerhead turtle

Caretta caretta

Diet: shellfishes

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Hawksbillseaturtle Eretmochelys imbricata

Diet: sponges

“Only one tetrapod

species who feed on Sponges”

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Diet: fishes and shellfishes

เตาหญา

Olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea

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Mass nesting of 40,000 Olive Ridley in Costa Rica

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Arribada sites of Sea turtles

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เตามะเฟอง Leatherback turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Diet: jellyfishes

By Songpol Tippayawong WWF TH

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เตาหญาแคริบเบียน Lepidochelys kempi

เตาหลังแบน Natator depressa

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Sea turtle Critical habitats

Open seas Nursing (the Lost years) /feeding Migration Seagrass beds feeding/mating Coral reefs

feeding/mating

Sandy beaches-Forests Nesting

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By Songpol Tippayawong WWF TH

Sea turtle species nesting diversity

WCMC World Atlas

  • f Biodiversity, 2002
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Global Utilization

USA, Grand Cayman : meat, hides , Ecotourism Mexico: meat, hides , eggs, Ecotourism Costa Rica: meat, hides , eggs, Ecotourism Japan: tortoise shell, meat, hides Vietnam: meat, hides , eggs, tortoise shell Indonesia: meat, hides , eggs, tortoise shell Philippines: meat, hides , eggs, tortoise shell Malaysia: meat, hides , tortoise shell, Ecotourism Thailand: hides, eggs, tortoise shell, Ecotourism

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Amphibians

Salamanders 508 spp.

Anura

5067 spp.

Caecilian

168 spp EX 2 spp. EX 32 spp.

The best bio-indicator

  • f global climate and

environmental changes

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Asian Endemic salamanders

Japanese Giant Vietnamese fire Chinese Shanjing

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4 Families

Microhylidae Ranidae Rhacophoridae Bufonidae

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Only 1 sp. In brackish waters

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Highest diversity High diversity Low diversity

Diversity areas of Amphibians

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Main threats to Amphibians

Over 150 spp. threatened

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Costa Rica cloud forest golden toad : Extinct by Climate Change + fungal disease

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frogs, toad Salamander Caecilian

Threatened 1672

168 55

Save 2199

Data Deficient 1294

EX 35 CR 427 EN 761 VU 668

Near threatened 359

IUCN Red Data of Amphibian

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Traditional medicines Pets

Other use of Amphibians

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แหลงอาหาร Food from wetland fauna

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Water snakes

7 species

from 3 families

Utilization

  • Meat
  • Hides
  • Feedmeal for

crocodile farms

  • Exported to

China (whole) Thailand (hides)

Exploited 800,000-1,000,000 snakes annually from the Grand Lake

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See me next session

Thanks

Nonn Panitwong