What What can can we we do do? Marta Cullberg Weston Marta - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PEOPLE BEHAVE PEOPLE BEHAVE IRRATIONALLY TOWARDS IRRATIONALLY TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE –

What What can can we we do do?

Marta Cullberg Weston Marta Cullberg Weston

World Bank report World Bank report

With business as With business as usual usual we we will will end end up in a 3 up in a 3-4 4 degree degree warmer warmer world…. world…. For a For a long long time time politicians politicians have have said said they they are are planning planning to to keep keep the the warming warming to 2 to 2 degrees degrees But But not not much much has has happened happened… A 3 A 3-4 4 degree degree warmer warmer world is world is not not something something we we want want to live in… (Mark Lynas: ” to live in… (Mark Lynas: ”Six Six degrees degrees”) ”)

Still Still people people do do not not react react…

One One problem…for problem…for a a long long time the time the wrong wrong concept concept was was used used: ”global : ”global warming warming” ” which which people people read read literally literally… Instead Instead it it can can be all sorts of be all sorts of erratic erratic weather weather patterns patterns as part of as part of climate climate change change

Draughts Draughts, , forestfires forestfires, , flooding flooding, storms … , storms …

Another problem: Another problem: people people do do not not know know the the problems of a 3 problems of a 3- 4 4 degree degree warmer warmer world… world…

In the western world In the western world most most people people ”know know” ” about about climate climate change change

but but we we still still do do not not act act on

• n our
• ur information

information What What contributes contributes to this to this passivity passivity? ? The The main main reason reason is the human is the human brain brain… It is not It is not well well adapted adapted to to handle handle diffuse diffuse threats threats

The The threat threat from from climate climate change change is is hard hard for human for human brains brains to to handle handle

• Diffuse

Diffuse

• Invisble

Invisble -(If

If CO2 CO2 had had color color we we might might have have solved the problem solved the problem already already)

• In the

In the future future

• Distant

Distant

The human The human fear fear system is not system is not adapted adapted to to modern world modern world threats threats

Our ” Our ”old

• ld brain

brain” ” reacts reacts to to immediate immediate threats threats Wild animal =Action Wild animal =Action now now --

• -adrenalin

adrenalin flows flows

Dan Gilbert: Four ” Dan Gilbert: Four ”threat threat”-buttons buttons

• Actor

Actor behind behind the the threat threat

• Present

Present threat threat

• Clear

Clear actions actions to to avoid avoid the the threat threat

• Violates moral

Violates moral codes codes Climate Climate change change does does not press not press these these buttons buttons

We We need need to to understand understand the the challenges challenges our

• ur

brain brain poses poses when when it it comes comes to to acting acting on the

• n the

threat threat from from climate climate change change I I will will outline

• utline 4 different kinds of

4 different kinds of challenges challenges

Humans are not Humans are not always always rational rational! !

1.

• 1. DENIAL = PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAPS

DENIAL = PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAPS 2.

• 2. COGNITIVE TRAPS

COGNITIVE TRAPS that block that block good good decision decision making making

• 3. SOCIAL TRAPS that

that lead lead to to unwise unwise decisions decisions 4.

• 4. ECONOMIC TRAPS

ECONOMIC TRAPS that make

that make us us blindfolded blindfolded

Climate Climate stereotypes stereotypes

• ”Red herrings

Red herrings” = ” = take take note note

• 1. The
• 1. The Denial

Denial Mechanisms Mechanisms

Different Different ways ways to to shut shut our

• ur eyes

eyes

(If If you you put put your your head head in the sand you in the sand you know know something something is is wrong wrong)

Many Many versions of versions of denial denial

• Breakfast

Breakfast defence defence –cognitive

cognitive scan scan –emotions are emotions are dissociated dissociated--

• -gives

gives peace peace for the moment for the moment but but is bad in the is bad in the long long run run

• Diffusion of

Diffusion of responsibility/denial responsibility/denial of

• f guilt

guilt

(blaming blaming others

• thers)
• Denial

Denial of the

• f the content

content of the

• f the threat

threat

• It is

It is too too improbable improbable—it just it just won’t won’t happen happen!

Humans Humans have have an an array array of different

• f different denial

denial mechanisms mechanisms to to avoid avoid unpleasant unpleasant feelings and the information that cause feelings and the information that cause them them. Denial Denial helps helps us us distance distance ourselves

• urselves from

from a a threatening threatening reality reality --

• - when

when we we think think we we cannot cannot do do anything anything about about it / it /when when we we feel feel helpless helpless.

• 1. The
• 1. The Climate

Climate repressor repressor (Ostrich Ostrich)

”I ”I change change channels channels on TV or

• n TV or move

move on to

• n to

another another page in the page in the newspaper newspaper if if there there is a is a program or an program or an article article about about climate climate change change.” .” Protects Protects us us from from anxiety anxiety short short term. term. Does not Does not address address the the problem…maladaptive problem…maladaptive

2.The 2.The climate climate ”comfortable comfortable”

”This is not a problem I This is not a problem I worry worry about about—nature nature has solved has solved things things before…and before…and now now the the scientists scientists will will take take care care of the problem!”

• f the problem!”

Denies Denies the the content content of the

• f the threat

threat

A A threat threat without without a a clear clear solution (like solution (like climate climate change change) gives ) gives rise rise to to unnerving unnerving feelings feelings we we want want to to avoid avoid

• Fear/anxiety

Fear/anxiety

• Powerlessness/helplessness

Powerlessness/helplessness

• Guilt

Guilt…(that …(that we we are are responsible responsible)

American journalist/researcher American journalist/researcher John

John Krosnic Krosnic:

”People ”People stopped stopped paying paying attention attention to to climate climate change change when when they they realized realized that that there there is no is no easy solution for it.” easy solution for it.” We We hate hate to to feel feel powerless/vulnerable powerless/vulnerable

(we we did did as small as small children children— we we do do not not want want it it again again) ) so so we we deny deny the the threat threat

Denial Denial leads leads to to what what psychiatrist psychiatrist Robert Robert J.Lifton J.Lifton calls calls

The The absurdity absurdity of the

• f the double

double life life We We live with a live with a disconnect disconnect between between abstract information abstract information about about climate climate change change and and how how we we live live our

• ur daily

daily lives lives

We We tend tend to to choose choose a a reassuring reassuring lie over lie over Gore Gore´s s Inconvenient Inconvenient truth truth

Success Success story: story:

Threat Threat to to ozone

• zone layer

layer

• Quick

Quick response response from from law law makers makers

• Simple

Simple identifyable identifyable targets targets

• Unfortunately

Unfortunately to to combat combat climate climate change change we we need need more more diverse diverse actions actions … But But maybe maybe one

• ne way

way is to attack is to attack one

• ne ”enemy

enemy” ” /problem at a time to get /problem at a time to get started started? ? Bill Bill McKibben McKibben (350.com) suggests (350.com) suggests oil

• il companies

companies Sot is Sot is another another focus focus that has that has been been suggested suggested

To To bypass bypass denial denial mechanisms mechanisms information information needs needs to to target target emotions emotions and provide solutions and provide solutions—

• Throwing

Throwing arguments at arguments at people people does does not not change change their their views views.. ..

• Threats

Threats should should not be not be presented presented without without giving giving hope hope = show that solutions are = show that solutions are possible possible

• Psychology

Psychology professor Timothy Wilson: professor Timothy Wilson: ”Stories Stories are are more more powerful powerful than than data.” data.”

To get To get beyond beyond denial denial

• We

We need need to to reach reach people people´s emotions emotions without without scaring scaring them them too too much much

• Use

Use new media (the new media (the Arabian Arabian spring/Obama spring/Obama)

• Target

Target specific specific groups groups with with our

• ur message

message…

• Tell

Tell stories stories people people can can identify identify with with

• Describe

Describe local local changes changes that that will will affect affect people’s people’s lives lives—break the abstract break the abstract spell spell… … it makes it makes people people more more motivated motivated

• Provide solution options

Provide solution options

Emotional Emotional communication communication is key is key

Emotions Emotions direct direct our

• ur actions

actions A A lot lot of

• f emotional

emotional information is stored information is stored without without words words in the right in the right brain brain --

• -right

right brain brain communicates communicates in images not in in images not in words words. . So So I suggest I suggest using using images to images to reach reach people people.

A A successful successful Vietnam Vietnam war war image image

Individual Individual denial denial is is increased increased by social by social denial denial mechanisms mechanisms

To talk To talk about about climate climate change change in in certain certain social situations social situations (like a party) is like (like a party) is like swearing swearing in the in the church church. So So we we do do not talk not talk about about it…pretend it…pretend it it does does not not exist exist.

Not Not only

• nly denial

denial because because of

• f

anxiety anxiety --

• - but

but resistance resistance to to give give up up ingrewn ingrewn habits/perks habits/perks

In order to In order to hold hold on to

• n to our
• ur habits

habits

• Denial

Denial of

• f guilt/responsibility

guilt/responsibility

”My ”My contribution contribution is is negligable negligable!”, ”My !”, ”My neighbor neighbor drives drives his his car car…” …” We We want want to to keep keep our

• ur good

good self self-image image so so we we push push the the blame blame to to others

• thers (also

also between between states states)

• We

We deny deny the the reality reality of

• f limited

limited resources resources

Mark Lynas Mark Lynas:

The The whole whole of Western society is

• f Western society is

based based on

• n denial

denial mechanisms mechanisms --

• i.e.

i.e. denial denial of the

• f the world

world´s s limited limited resources resources

UU UU

• 3. The
• 3. The life

life-style style addict addict

• I

I need need my my car car! ! Technical Technical research research will will solve solve the problems of the problems of climate climate change change so I so I need need not not change change my my way way of life. The small

• f life. The small things

things I I can can do do would would not not amount amount to to anything anything anyway anyway… Arguments seldom work. Arguments seldom work. Regulation Regulation is is one

• ne

way way when when it it comes comes to life to life style style resistance resistance.

We We need need regulation regulation to break life to break life style style habits habits

• Car

Car tolls tolls

• Carbon

Carbon tax tax

• Gasoline

Gasoline tax tax

• Recycling

Recycling demands demands In order to get In order to get these these in in place place politicians politicians need need to to act act.

• If

If you you tell tell people people they they have have a a role role to play in to play in saving saving the planet the planet there there must be an must be an infrastructure infrastructure to make that to make that contribution contribution --

• e.g

e.g. recycling . recycling facilities facilities electrical electrical outlets for

• utlets for electrical

electrical cars cars Again Again depends depends on the

• n the politicians

politicians

Incentives are Incentives are also also important important

• Good public (

Good public (free free) ) transportation transportation

• No tax on

No tax on electrical electrical cars cars

• TV

TV-serie serie—which which family family can can live live most most environmentally environmentally friendly friendly

• Cleanest

Cleanest town town competition competition

4.The 4.The climate climate cynic cynic denies denies guilt/responsibility guilt/responsibility

”Well Well, , there there might might be a be a change change in in climate climate… It is not my It is not my fault…I fault…I want want to live my life to to live my life to its its fullest

• fullest. The

. The effects effects will will come after I am come after I am gone gone, so , so why why care care! I am ! I am going going to live it up!” to live it up!” A A counter counter phobic phobic reaction

• reaction. Does not

. Does not want want to to get in get in contact contact with with with with his/her his/her fear fear.

Reducing Reducing denial denial mechanisms mechanisms

Be Be careful careful not just to not just to load load it on with it on with scary scary facts facts Too Too threatening threatening information information can can lead lead to total to total denial denial or

• r apathy

apathy (The film (The film Undergången Undergången)

• 5. The
• 5. The Climate

Climate Sad/Apathetic Sad/Apathetic:

”I ”I wake wake up up depressed depressed every every morning.

• morning. It is

It is terrible terrible what what is happening. I is happening. I feel feel paralyzed paralyzed!” !” I just I just have have to to forget forget about about it to it to function function.” .”

Thus Thus: Information : Information needs needs to to point point out

• ut ways

ways to to solve solve the problems = the problems = anxiety anxiety control control and and hope hope The The suggested suggested measures measures need need to be to be seen seen as as effective effective= = control control of

• f danger

danger Information Information needs needs to to reach reach peoples peoples’ ’ caring caring emotions…grandchildren emotions…grandchildren… … Information Information needs needs to be to be supplemented supplemented by by regulation regulation and and societal societal measures measures (smoking) (smoking)

Denial Denial reducing reducing mechanisms mechanisms

• Reduce

Reduce anxiety anxiety by by giving giving suggestions for suggestions for effective effective solutions solutions

• Use

Use images to get to emotions images to get to emotions

• When

When politicians politicians stop stop talking talking and and take take action action (acceptance acceptance of the

• f the fact

fact)

• Higher

Higher price price tag on bad habits and tag on bad habits and incentives incentives

• Good

Good role role models models (politicians politicians important important)

• Stories

Stories

• Show

Show gains gains with new life with new life styles styles

• Responsibility

Responsibility for for future future generations generations– it is it is their their inheritance inheritance we we spoil spoil

Positive Positive change change ex ex: : Smoking Smoking

• Politicians

Politicians took took action action assertively assertively (at last) (at last)

• Massive information

Massive information campaigns campaigns

• Information in

Information in schools/young schools/young people people A problem with A problem with climate climate change change.. ..we we do do not not want want to to scare scare kids kids into into hopelessness hopelessness Must Must give give hope hope when when we we inform inform about about the the threat threat

II.

• II. COGNITIVE TRAPS

COGNITIVE TRAPS = = leads leads to to Irrational Irrational decisionmaking decisionmaking in humans in humans

Daniel Daniel Kahneman Kahneman & Amos & Amos Tversky Tversky et al et al

Many Many different researchers different researchers studying studying our

• ur

cognitive cognitive traps/thinking traps/thinking errors errors Four major Four major types types of

• f thinking

thinking errors errors

1.

• 1. Fixation

Fixation at the present = at the present = status quo status quo bias bias

a) a) What What has has never never happened happened before before cannot cannot happen happen! ( ! (Jews Jews in the ghetto) in the ghetto) b) ) Problems with distant Problems with distant consequences consequences--

• - has

has a a hard hard time to sink in ( time to sink in (smoking,cancer

smoking,cancer)

c) c) We We adapt adapt to to gradual gradual changes changes (the

the frog frog)

d) d) System System fixation fixation (ex. neoliberal

• ex. neoliberal capitalism

capitalism)

How How to to inform inform to to avoid avoid this? this? Images

Images and and more more.

• 6. The status quo
• 6. The status quo defence

defence

” It is just ” It is just impossible impossible to to imagine…we imagine…we have have never never seen seen climate climate change change the the way way the the scientists scientists describe

• describe. It must be

. It must be false false alarm.” alarm.”

2. . Bias Bias when when making making uncertain uncertain decisions decisions a) a) Tendency Tendency to to forget forget risks that risks that we we lack lack sufficient sufficient information information about about or diffuse risks

• r diffuse risks

( ( what what a 2/3/4 a 2/3/4 degree degree temperature temperature change change means means is diffuse) is diffuse)

b) b) Denial Denial of

• f effects

effects that that happen happen far far off

• ff in the

in the world world or far

• r far off
• ff in time

in time Important Important with with concrete concrete information/images/ + information/images/ + linking linking to to local local situation (ski race) situation (ski race)

7.Climate Change Deniers= CCD:s 7.Climate Change Deniers= CCD:s

”Climate Climate change change has has nothing nothing to to do do with with humans! It is all the humans! It is all the result result of the

• f the tilting

tilting of the

• f the

globe globe towards towards the the sun sun.” .” ”Climate Climate change change is a is a myth myth”

Some Some offer a ”

• ffer a ”scientific

scientific” ” theory theory” and ” and they they are so are so locked locked into into their their denial/their denial/their ”scientific scientific truth truth” that it ” that it is is impossible impossible to to reach reach them them. They They feel feel superior superior. . Others Others are are misled misled.

3.We stick to an illusion of 3.We stick to an illusion of having having control control

a) a) Sense Sense that humans are in that humans are in control control b) b) Overestimating Overestimating technical technical solutions solutions Inform Inform how how we we can can influence influence the process = the process = find find solutions solutions but but technical technical solutions solutions take take time to time to develop develop solar solar fuel…a fuel…a new new possibility possibility

4.

• 4. We

We have have a a tendency tendency to to anchor anchor decisions decisions in in what what we we think think is ” is ”known known”

a) Nature is a) Nature is seen seen as an as an unlimited unlimited resource resource b) People interpret information so it b) People interpret information so it confirms confirms their their own

• wn ideas

ideas. Try Try informing informing about about the the number number of

• f globes

globes needed needed to to fill fill the the demands demands of present

• f present day

day life life-style style.

How How to to counteract counteract cognitive cognitive errors errors

• Images of glaciers / polar

Images of glaciers / polar bears bears

• Mark

Mark Lynas’ Lynas’ 6 6 degrees degrees — concretizing concretizing

• Environmental

Environmental footprint footprint /number number of

• f worlds

worlds

• Reports of

Reports of consequences consequences for for own

• wn country/

country/ community community + + plans to plans to counteract counteract the problems the problems

• Action programs for a major

Action programs for a major sector sector

• Tying

Tying the world the world together together –”the ”the there there” ” affects affects ”the ”the here here” ( ” (environmental

environmental refugees refugees, , food food)

• Show alternative

Show alternative models models of

• f building

building societies societies

• Show

Show how how small small changes changes in the in the economic economic model model can can change change things things around around

III.

• III. SOCIAL TRAPS

SOCIAL TRAPS –

ANOTHER HUMAN FALLIBILITY ANOTHER HUMAN FALLIBILITY

A situation A situation where where a group of a group of people people act act to to reach reach a a short short term term goal goal that that leads leads to a to a long long term term loss for the group. loss for the group. We We are are actually actually ingrained ingrained in a social in a social trap trap right right now now= = acting acting to to preserve preserve our

• ur present

present energy energy consuming consuming life life-style style

1.TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS 1.TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

• Garret

Garret Hardin Hardin (1968) (1968)

• William

William Forster Forster Lloyd (1833) Lloyd (1833)

GARRET HARDIN: GARRET HARDIN:

”Ruin is the destination toward which all Ruin is the destination toward which all men rush, men rush, each pursuing his own best each pursuing his own best interest interest in a society that believes in the in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons freedom of the commons. ” . ”

The The tragedy tragedy of the

• f the unregulated

unregulated commons commons

Elinor Elinor Ohstrom Ohstrom: With : With regulation regulation this kind of this kind of trap trap can can be be avoided avoided – people people can can stipulate stipulate ways ways to to share share ”a ”a commons commons” ”

• Hmmm

Hmmm… At the At the globe globe level level however however there there is no is no sufficient sufficient regulatory regulatory body body for that for that

2.

• 2. Fate

Fate of the

• f the Easter

Easter island island

Similar Similar to the to the tragedy tragedy of the

• f the commons

commons = =

Depletion Depletion of

• f limited

limited resources resources leads leads to to catastrophy catastrophy

• We

We have have not not realized realized that that our

• ur planet is a

planet is a limed limed resource resource base base– like the like the Easter Easter Island Island Our Our economic economic system has system has seen seen nature’s nature’s resources resources as as goods goods to be to be exploited exploited –there there has has not not been been a a price price put put on

• n them

them Need a new perspective= if we want part of our common heritage we have to pay for it – and take care to restore the resources we depleted Gretchen Daily—has a model for this

• 8. The social
• 8. The social trap

trap denial denial type type

”My My contribution contribution to the problems is to the problems is negligable negligable.. .. Life has Life has been been going going on

• n on
• n this planet for a

this planet for a long long time.

• time. There

There is no is no reason reason why why we we should should have have to to restrict restrict our

• ur use

use of

• f natural

natural resources resources.” .”

A real social A real social trap trap is is our

• ur economic

economic model model

• Influencing

Influencing the the economic economic model model is is thus thus key key to to changing changing the process the process around around

• 4. Economic
• 4. Economic traps

traps

Peter Barnes: Peter Barnes: (Capitalism Capitalism 3.0) 3.0) Tragedy Tragedy of the

• f the

market market We We are are locked locked into into an an economic economic theory theory where where each each business is business is supposed supposed to to maximize maximize its its profit profit – independent of the independent of the cost cost for the for the environment environment This it is part of This it is part of economic economic education education at the at the universities universities.

9.The business 9.The business leader leader defense defense

”My ”My main main responsibility responsibility is to the is to the share share holders holders. . I I have have to to give give them them a profit or a profit or we we crumble crumble. . If If we we do do not not exploit exploit the the oil

• il and gas

and gas reserves reserves somebody somebody else else will will and and they they will will prosper

• prosper. It

. It is the is the way way it is!” it is!”

Needed Needed: Change in : Change in economic economic thinking thinking from from within within the the economic economic field field Nicholas Nicholas Stern report: Stern report:

• ”Global

”Global warming warming is the is the most most extensive extensive failure failure for the market” for the market”

• Climate

Climate change change is ”bad for business” is ”bad for business”

• Forceful preventive

Forceful preventive actions actions early early on

• n can

can be be seen seen as as profitable profitable investments investments.

”Capitalism Capitalism that that started started as a brilliant solution as a brilliant solution has has become become a major problem. a major problem. It is time to It is time to upgrade upgrade the operating system!” the operating system!” Peter Barnes Peter Barnes New New economic economic thinking thinking is on the is on the way way Wish Wish: Nobel : Nobel prize prize for for sustainable sustainable economics economics

Economic Economic actions actions needed needed

• Change in

Change in economic economic thinking thinking– environmental

environmental costs costs included included

• Another

Another view view on

• n growth

growth= = sustainable sustainable development development

• Circular

Circular economy economy/ / cradle cradle to to cradle cradle thinking thinking

• Regulation

Regulation, , carbon carbon tax, tax, fee fee on C0

• n C02pollution

pollution

• International

International agreements agreements (post Doha) (post Doha)

Tragedy Tragedy of

• f governments

governments

Locked Locked into into a ” a ”growth growth model model” Prioritizes Prioritizes the the interest interest of

• f businesses

businesses An alternative An alternative model model for for growth growth is is shown shown by by Canadian Peter Victor ( Canadian Peter Victor (see see on

• n Youtube

Youtube talking talking about about ”the ”the folly folly of

• f growth

growth”) ”) We We overshot

• vershot the

the capacity capacity of the

• f the biosphere

biosphere already already around around 1980 1980

Influencing Influencing the the economic economic model model is an is an important important key key

• So

So much much of the pollution

• f the pollution comes

comes from from businesses businesses

• Small

Small changes changes in in economic economic theory theory makes makes great great results results

How How can can we we make make people people wake wake up? up?

How How do do we we inform inform about about limited limited resources resources? ?

To To increase increase awareness awareness in the in the public public

• We

We need need a a steady steady flow of information flow of information

• The information

The information using using images images needs needs to to address address different different angles angles, present solutions, , present solutions, give give hope hope and and help help to to overcome

• vercome wasteful

wasteful habits habits There There is a ” is a ”critical critical point point” ” where where enough enough people people have have accepted accepted the the fact fact of

• f climate

climate change change

PARADIGM SHIFT PARADIGM SHIFT

THE HUNDREDTH APE THE HUNDREDTH APE

Paradigm Paradigm shift shift

Lyall Lyall Watson Watson

William James: William James:

”A new ”A new idea idea is first is first condemned condemned as as ridiculous ridiculous and and dismissed dismissed as trivial as trivial until until finally finally it it becomes becomes what what everybody everybody knows knows.” .”

• Galileo’s

Galileo’s fight to fight to prove prove earth earth is round is round

• Doctors

Doctors washing washing hands hands between between patients patients Strong initialt Strong initialt resistance resistance to new to new regime/fact regime/fact Over a Over a critical critical level level= = established established fact fact

SYSTEM RESISTANCE MAKES PARADIGM CHANGE SLOW AT FIRST

Potentials for Potentials for change change--

• from

from worry worry to action to action

• I. PARADIGM SHIFT
• I. PARADIGM SHIFT
• II. GROUP INSTINCT
• II. GROUP INSTINCT—THE HUNDREDTH APE

THE HUNDREDTH APE

• III. NEW GLOBAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
• III. NEW GLOBAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Politicians Politicians are key are key figures figures

Problems: Problems:

• Afraid

Afraid to to take take impopular impopular actions actions

• Afraid

Afraid to to put put regulations regulations in in place place

• Their

Their wish wish to be to be re re-eleced eleced favors favors short short terms terms solutions solutions

• Live in a

Live in a culture culture of

• f promises

promises

• Their

Their own

• wn denial

denial mechanisms mechanisms

• Afraid

Afraid of

• f cost

cost for society for preventive for society for preventive actions actions

• Hesitating

Hesitating to to put put regulations regulations in in place place (due due to to business business interests interests)

• Caught

Caught in ” in ”economic economic growth growth model model”

• 10. The
• 10. The politicians

politicians defense defense

”We We live in a system live in a system where where economic economic growth growth is is basic

• basic. I must

. I must see see to that to that we we have have a a viable viable business business climate climate. . If If I suggest I suggest regulations regulations that that limit limit economic economic growth growth I I will will be be voted voted out

• ut in no

in no time!” time!”

Actions Actions in relation to in relation to politicians politicians

• Pressure from

Pressure from electorate electorate

• International

International agreements agreements are urgent are urgent

• National studies to support

National studies to support actions actions

• Leadership/responsibility

Leadership/responsibility

Economists Economists also also key key figures figures

• Sustainable

Sustainable economics economics

• Need

Need to to feel feel the pressure to the pressure to change change their their dangerous dangerous models models

• Need

Need politicians politicians to to put put regulations regulations in in place place so so they they have have an an incentive incentive to to change change their their way way of

• f doing

doing business. business.

WE THE PEOPLE WE THE PEOPLE

We We need need influence influence

• Politicians

Politicians

• Economists

Economists

• Journalists

Journalists

• Teachers

Teachers

We We, the , the people people

We We need need regulations regulations, , incentives incentives and and political political leadership leadership in order to in order to function function more more wisely wisely but but we we can can actually actually open

• pen our
• ur eyes

eyes with with information that information that

• is solution

is solution oriented

• riented
• that gives

that gives us us hope hope

• use

use images to images to reach reach our

• ur emotions

emotions

• is

is targeted targeted and and realistic realistic

• changes

changes economic economic thinking thinking

• shows

shows effect effect locally locally

The The crisis crisis mood mood

• Paradigm

Paradigm shifts shifts takes takes time time—it is under it is under way way

• Important

Important not to not to give give up up even even if if it it feels feels like like an an uphill uphill battle battle

• A

A crisis crisis can can make make us us wake wake up and the up and the erratic erratic weather weather has got has got people people thinking thinking…

Summary Summary about about information information:

• Give

Give information information together together with with suggested suggested actions actions = no = no anxiety anxiety producing producing information information without without ideas ideas for a solution. for a solution.

• Use

Use imagery imagery. . Connect Connect the the here here and the far and the far

• Information

Information needs needs to offset to offset denial denial, , cognitive cognitive traps traps and and hardened hardened world world views views.

• Regulation

Regulation & & price price tag on bad tag on bad energy energy habits habits

• Working

Working to offset social to offset social traps traps

• New

New economic economic thinking thinking = = e.g e.g price price tag on tag on carbon carbon emissions and emissions and including including costs costs for for nature nature in in economic economic calculation calculation

REASONS FOR HOPE REASONS FOR HOPE

• Many

Many journalists and journalists and politicians politicians have have woken up woken up

• More

More of general public are

• f general public are well

well informed informed

• China and

China and India India — environmental environmental problems sound problems sound alarm for alarm for politicians politicians within within the country the country

• Regulation

Regulation no no longer longer a a swear swear word word (after the (after the economic economic crisis crisis)

• Even

Even economists economists realize realize that that climate climate change change is ”bad is ”bad for business for business” ” – but but more more is is needed needed

• Paradigm

Paradigm shifts shifts in in several several affected affected countries countries

• Technical

Technical solutions for prevention are under solutions for prevention are under way way but but take take time time

• New

New economic economic thinking thinking is is developing developing

WE HAVE A PRECIOUS GIFT WE HAVE A PRECIOUS GIFT

OUR EARTH SEEN FROM SPACE OUR EARTH SEEN FROM SPACE The The little little red red circle circle makes it makes it possible possible for for us us to to live live here here!= Our != Our a atmosphere tmosphere. . Let’s Let’s protect protect it! it!