Western San Bernardino County Western San Bernardino County AQMD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Western San Bernardino County Western San Bernardino County AQMD Town Hall Meeting AQMD Town Hall Meeting May 29, 2008 May 29, 2008

Philip M. Fine, Ph.D. Philip M. Fine, Ph.D.

Atmospheric Measurements Manager Atmospheric Measurements Manager South Coast Air Quality Management District South Coast Air Quality Management District

Key Air Pollutants Key Air Pollutants

Historic Historic

• Smog (Ozone)

Smog (Ozone)

• Fine Particulate (PM2.5)

Fine Particulate (PM2.5)

• Air Toxics (Carcinogens)

Air Toxics (Carcinogens)

Emerging Emerging

• Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)

Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)

Hexavalent Chromium

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Anaheim Burbank Central LA Compton Fontana Huntington Park North Long Beach Pico Rivera Rubidoux Wilmington Average Rubidoux Filter Blank

ng/m3 MATES II AQMD Lab data MATES III Year 1 MATES III Year 2

Hexavalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium MATES MATES-

• III

III

Western Riverside Air Monitoring Station TXI Riverside Cement California Portland Cement prevailing wind

Initial Actions Initial Actions

• Permit Records

Permit Records

• Survey of Area

Survey of Area

• Literature Review

Literature Review

• Wind Analysis

Wind Analysis

• Deposition Plates

Deposition Plates

Cr6 Deposition Plate Results - Round 3 Highest Middle Lowest

Cal Portland TXI Riverside

1.58 0.75 0.22 0.28 0.31

Hexavalent Chromium Averages (ng/m3)

• Feb. 12 – May 25, 2008

MATES-III Basin Average = 0.20 MATES-III Rubidoux Average = 0.39

PM samplers for Hexavalent Chromium

0.35 0.22 0.09* * Less than 10 samples collected to date

Cal Portland TXI Riverside

4 2 5 3 1 7 9 8 6

TXI Riverside Cement California Portland Cement AQMD Rubidoux Air Monitoring Station

Rubidoux Blvd.

• W. Agua Mansa Rd.
• S. Riverside Ave.

Mission Blvd.

10 11

Current or Planned Sampling Locations for Hexavalent Chromium in Western Riverside

Additional Actions Additional Actions

• Area sweep in more than 50 square mile

Area sweep in more than 50 square mile area around cement facilities area around cement facilities

• Testing of TXI cement kiln and fuels

Testing of TXI cement kiln and fuels

• Top down inspections of TXI Riverside

Top down inspections of TXI Riverside and Cal Portland and Cal Portland

Bulk Material Samples Bulk Material Samples

• Collected samples from both Cement Facilities

Collected samples from both Cement Facilities and Batch Plants and Batch Plants

– – Soil Soil – – Finished product Finished product – – Clinker storage piles Clinker storage piles – – Bag Bag-

• house fall

house fall-

• out
• ut

– – Raw materials Raw materials

• Gray cement materials were higher in

Gray cement materials were higher in hexavalent chromium hexavalent chromium

• Initially, not enough hexavalent chromium to

Initially, not enough hexavalent chromium to produce observed concentrations at sampling produce observed concentrations at sampling sites sites

Gray Clinker Gray Clinker Storage Piles Storage Piles

Monitoring Monitoring Location Location

Upon Further Analysis… Upon Further Analysis…

• Separated larger pieces of TXI storage pile gray clinker

Separated larger pieces of TXI storage pile gray clinker from fine dust material using a sieve from fine dust material using a sieve

Bulk samples Sieved Samples (<44 µm) Cr+6 Cr+6 Location (ppb) (ppb) Bay A surface 500 Bay A sub-surface 750 3980 Bay B surface 800 3350 Bay B sub-surface 870 Bay H surface 1320 6830 Bay H sub-surface 2030 Bay I surface 1140 2070 Bay I sub-surface 1120 Bay J surface 1670 15000 Bay J sub-surface 1740

• Fine dust showed much

Fine dust showed much higher hexavalent chromium higher hexavalent chromium content content

• Fine dust is more likely to

Fine dust is more likely to become airborne and blow become airborne and blow

• ffsite
• ffsite
• Observed concentrations at

Observed concentrations at sampling sites now within sampling sites now within the range of model the range of model predictions predictions

TXI Riverside

Cal Portland Clinker Cal Portland Clinker

• Fine dust also showed higher hexavalent

Fine dust also showed higher hexavalent chromium content than total sample chromium content than total sample

• On average, hexavalent chromium

On average, hexavalent chromium content of Cal Portland clinker is about content of Cal Portland clinker is about 20% lower than TXI Riverside 20% lower than TXI Riverside

• Lower dust emission potential as most

Lower dust emission potential as most clinker storage is indoors clinker storage is indoors

Fingerprinting Fingerprinting

• Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and

Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and particles on the deposition plates particles on the deposition plates

Gray Clinker Fine Dust Gray Clinker Fine Dust Deposition Plate Adjacent to Deposition Plate Adjacent to TXI Riverside Cement TXI Riverside Cement

36-0432 (D) - Gypsum - Ca 33-1161 (*) - Quartz, syn - 04-0733 (I) - Portlandite, sy 42-0551 (*) - Calcium Silic 13-0272 (N) - Calcium Magnesiu 05-0586 (I) - Calcite, syn - CaCO Operations: Y Scale Add 9500.00 0808109-025 - File: 0808109-025 Operations: Y Scale Mul 0.542 | 0807302-004 - File: 0807302-004 Operations: Y Scale Add -45750. Glass plate 114-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 11000.0 Glass plate 120-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10500.0 Glass plate 118-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10000.0 Glass plate 116-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10500.0 Glass plate 121-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 6416.66 0808109-001 - File: 0808109-001 Operations: Y Scale Add 9166.66 0808109-021 - File: 0808109-021 Operations: Y Scale Add -1833.3 0808109-019 - File: 0808109-019 Operations: Y Scale Add 7333.33 0808109-015 - File: 0808109-015 Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.00 0808109-013 - File: 0808109-013 Operations: Y Scale Add 9625.00 0808109-007 - File: 0808109-007 Operations: Y Scale Add 8708.33 0808109-006 - File: 0808109-006 Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.00 0808109-023 - File: 0808109-023

Lin (Counts)

2-Theta - Scale

114-08 Fleetwood 120-08 Aramark 121-08 Plumbers Union 118-08 Rubidoux Station 116-08 Wilson residence

(025) Bay J T-II clinker sub-surface (019) Bay G Block clinker surface (006) Bay A T-II clinker sub-surface (021) Bay H T-II clinker surface (023) Bay I T-II clinker surface (007) Bay B T-II clinker surface (015) Bay E Scrap clinker,soil, cement surface (013) Bay E Dirt and scrap surface (001) Spillage from Kiln #1 LN 0807302-004 Gray cement

calcium hydroxide calcium silicates

More Fingerprinting More Fingerprinting

• X

X-

• Ray Diffraction

Ray Diffraction (XRD) to (XRD) to measure measure chemical chemical composition and composition and crystal structure crystal structure

• Calcium

Calcium hydroxide a hydroxide a marker for fine marker for fine clinker dust clinker dust

• Found on

Found on deposition plates deposition plates nearer TXI nearer TXI Riverside Riverside

Near Plates Fine Clinker Dusts Distant Plates Calcium Hydroxide

Average PM10 from 3/26 - 4/9, 2008

20 40 60 80

• W. Riverside Monitoring

Station Adjacent to Riverside Cement

Location ug/m3

State 24-hour standard

Dust Emissions (PM10) Dust Emissions (PM10)

Cancer Risk Cancer Risk

• Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of

Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of continuous exposure continuous exposure

• Basin

Basin-

• wide average is ~1200 in one million

wide average is ~1200 in one million

• Only 15 weeks of data collected to date

Only 15 weeks of data collected to date

• Immediately adjacent to the site

Immediately adjacent to the site – – 250 to 500 in one million 250 to 500 in one million

• Similar to risk next to a busy freeway, a rail yard or

Similar to risk next to a busy freeway, a rail yard or a chrome plating facility a chrome plating facility

• Cancer risk calculations method under review

Cancer risk calculations method under review

Hexavalent Chromium Regulatory Levels and Monitored Levels

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

OSHA NIOSH CalEPA Reference Exposure Level Riverside Cement* Cal Portland* West Riverside MATES III Basin Avg. MATES III

ng/m3

200 1000 5000 1.58 0.39 0.20

*Samples taken adjacent and downwind of cement facilities

0.35

Next Steps Next Steps

• Aggressive action to reduce the hexavalent

Aggressive action to reduce the hexavalent chromium emissions from Cement handling and chromium emissions from Cement handling and production, and to lower the risk levels in the production, and to lower the risk levels in the community community

– – Notices of Violation for visible dust emissions Notices of Violation for visible dust emissions – – Potentially modify permit requirements Potentially modify permit requirements – – New regulations specific to cement handling and New regulations specific to cement handling and production production – – Continued and additional sampling in the community for Continued and additional sampling in the community for hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10) hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10) – – Ongoing field surveillance and inspections Ongoing field surveillance and inspections

Summary Summary

• Fine clinker dust from TXI Riverside Cement is a

Fine clinker dust from TXI Riverside Cement is a source of airborne hexavalent chromium source of airborne hexavalent chromium

• Cal Portland Cement emissions appear to be less

Cal Portland Cement emissions appear to be less than TXI than TXI

– – Better dust control Better dust control – – Indoor storage of clinker Indoor storage of clinker – – Longer distance between potential emission points and Longer distance between potential emission points and the fenceline the fenceline – – Additional monitoring will be conducted Additional monitoring will be conducted

Airborne Airborne Hexavalent Hexavalent Chromium Chromium Concentrations Concentrations through May 25, through May 25, 2008 2008

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 12-Feb 19-Feb 26-Feb 4-Mar 11-Mar 18-Mar 25-Mar 1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr 6-May 13-May 20-May Date ng/m3 Cr6+

Site #1 (TXI Riverside) Site #6 (Cal Portland)