Western Riverside Western Riverside AQMD Town Hall Meeting AQMD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Western Riverside Western Riverside AQMD Town Hall Meeting AQMD Town Hall Meeting April 21, 2008 April 21, 2008

Barry Wallerstein, Barry Wallerstein, D.Env D.Env. .

Executive Officer Executive Officer South Coast Air Quality Management District South Coast Air Quality Management District

SCAQMD Background SCAQMD Background

L o s A n g e le s C o u n ty O ra n g e C o u n ty R iv e rs id e C o u n ty S a n B e rn a rd in o C o u n ty

South Coast Basin: South Coast Basin:

• 4

4-

• county region

county region

• 11,000 sq. miles

11,000 sq. miles

• 16½ million residents

16½ million residents

• Hundreds of thousands

Hundreds of thousands diesel vehicles diesel vehicles

• Millions of gasoline vehicles

Millions of gasoline vehicles

• Combined Ports of Long Beach and

Combined Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles = nation's largest cargo gateway Los Angeles = nation's largest cargo gateway

Key Air Pollutants Key Air Pollutants

Historic Historic

• Smog (Ozone)

Smog (Ozone)

• Fine Particulate (PM2.5)

Fine Particulate (PM2.5)

• Air Toxics (Carcinogens)

Air Toxics (Carcinogens)

Emerging Emerging

• Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)

Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)

New Emission Reductions Needed New Emission Reductions New Emission Reductions Needed Needed

• CA Carbon Reduction Goals

CA Carbon Reduction Goals (from 1990)

(from 1990)

– – 17% by 2020 17% by 2020 – – 80% by 2050 80% by 2050

• 24

24-

• Hour PM2.5 / 8

Hour PM2.5 / 8-

• Hr. Ozone Standards
• Hr. Ozone Standards

– – 70% 70% NOx NOx

• New 8

New 8-

• Hour Ozone Standard

Hour Ozone Standard

– – 90% 90% NOx NOx

Airborne Airborne Hexavalent Hexavalent Chromium Chromium in the Western Riverside Area in the Western Riverside Area

Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study Study -

• III

III

Compton Burbank Anaheim Fontana Rubidoux Wilmington Long Beach Pico Rivera Los Angeles Huntington Park Indio Santa Ana Sun Valley San Bernardino Industry Commerce Fixed Sites Temporary Sites Compton Burbank Anaheim Fontana Rubidoux Wilmington/

• W. Long

Beach North Long Beach Pico Rivera Los Angeles Huntington Park Indio Santa Ana Sun Valley San Bernardino Commerce Fixed Sites Temporary Sites

Metal Processes 22% Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks 3% Trains and Marine 1% Off-Road Equipment 19% On-Road Gasoline 36% Paved Road Dust 19%

2005 Hexavalent Chromium 2005 Hexavalent Chromium Emissions in the Emissions in the South Coast Air Basin South Coast Air Basin

Hexavalent Chromium

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Anaheim Burbank Central LA Compton Fontana Huntington Park North Long Beach Pico Rivera Rubidoux Wilmington Average Rubidoux Filter Blank

ng/m3 MATES II AQMD Lab data MATES III Year 1 MATES III Year 2

Hexavalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium MATES MATES-

• III

III

Western Riverside Air Monitoring Station Riverside Cement

Initial Actions Initial Actions

• Examined permit records and surveyed

Examined permit records and surveyed area for potential hexavalent chromium area for potential hexavalent chromium sources sources

• No major

No major hexavalent hexavalent chromium sources chromium sources found found

• Reports and literature did NOT indicate

Reports and literature did NOT indicate that emissions of hexavalent chromium that emissions of hexavalent chromium from cement facilities were significant from cement facilities were significant

Wind Analysis at Western Wind Analysis at Western Riverside Monitoring Station Riverside Monitoring Station

• Most frequent wind direction is from

Most frequent wind direction is from the West the West

• However, higher levels of

However, higher levels of hexavalent chromium are measured hexavalent chromium are measured when wind blows from the Northeast when wind blows from the Northeast

• The cement production facilities are

The cement production facilities are located over two miles to the located over two miles to the Northeast Northeast

Deposition Plate Deployment Deposition Plate Deployment

• Glass plates placed to collect falling particles

Glass plates placed to collect falling particles

• A good survey tool for covering a wide area

A good survey tool for covering a wide area

• Not used for determining true atmospheric

Not used for determining true atmospheric concentrations concentrations

• Three rounds of deployment in the area

Three rounds of deployment in the area

– – Jan, Feb, Mar Jan, Feb, Mar

• All three rounds showed higher hexavalent

All three rounds showed higher hexavalent chromium content of deposited particles near chromium content of deposited particles near Riverside Cement Riverside Cement

Cr6 Deposition Plate Results - Round 3 Highest Middle Lowest

Extensive Sweep of the Area for Extensive Sweep of the Area for Other Hexavalent Chromium Other Hexavalent Chromium Sources Sources

• More than 50 square mile area around

More than 50 square mile area around Riverside Cement Riverside Cement

• Identified 444 regulated or potentially

Identified 444 regulated or potentially regulated sources regulated sources

• None had

None had hexavalent hexavalent chromium chromium emissions at levels that would lead to the emissions at levels that would lead to the

• bserved monitored concentrations
• bserved monitored concentrations

2.43 1.01 0.27 0.31 0.32

Hexavalent Chromium Averages (ng/m3) 26 sampling days

• Feb. 12 – Apr. 9, 2008

MATES-III Basin Average = 0.20 MATES-III Rubidoux Average = 0.39

PM samplers for Hexavalent Chromium

Emissions Tests Emissions Tests

• White cement production facility - Kiln

stack tested on March 19 - 21, 2008

– Very low levels of hexavalent chromium emitted – Not enough to account for levels observed at

• ffsite monitoring locations

Material Samples from Material Samples from Riverside Cement Riverside Cement

• Collected samples from Riverside Cement

Collected samples from Riverside Cement Facility Facility

– – Soil Soil – – Finished product Finished product – – Clinker storage piles Clinker storage piles – – Bag Bag-

• house fall

house fall-

• out
• ut
• Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in

Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in gray cement materials gray cement materials

• Not enough to produce observed

Not enough to produce observed concentrations at sampling sites concentrations at sampling sites

Gray Clinker Gray Clinker Storage Piles Storage Piles

Monitoring Monitoring Location Location

Upon Further Analysis… Upon Further Analysis…

• Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker

Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker from fine dust material using a sieve from fine dust material using a sieve

Bulk samples Sieved Samples (<44 µm) Cr+6 Cr+6 Location (ppb) (ppb) Bay A surface 500 Bay A sub-surface 750 3980 Bay B surface 800 3350 Bay B sub-surface 870 Bay H surface 1320 6830 Bay H sub-surface 2030 Bay I surface 1140 2070 Bay I sub-surface 1120 Bay J surface 1670 15000 Bay J sub-surface 1740

• Fine dust showed much

Fine dust showed much higher hexavalent chromium higher hexavalent chromium content content

• Fine dust is more likely to

Fine dust is more likely to become airborne and blow become airborne and blow

• ffsite
• ffsite
• Observed concentrations at

Observed concentrations at sampling sites now within sampling sites now within the range of model the range of model predictions predictions

Fingerprinting Fingerprinting

• Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and

Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and particles on the deposition plates particles on the deposition plates

Gray Clinker Fine Dust Gray Clinker Fine Dust Deposition Plate Adjacent to Deposition Plate Adjacent to Riverside Cement Riverside Cement

36-0432 (D) - Gypsum - Ca 33-1161 (*) - Quartz, syn - 04-0733 (I) - Portlandite, sy 42-0551 (*) - Calcium Silic 13-0272 (N) - Calcium Magnesiu 05-0586 (I) - Calcite, syn - CaCO Operations: Y Scale Add 9500.00 0808109-025 - File: 0808109-025 Operations: Y Scale Mul 0.542 | 0807302-004 - File: 0807302-004 Operations: Y Scale Add -45750. Glass plate 114-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 11000.0 Glass plate 120-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10500.0 Glass plate 118-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10000.0 Glass plate 116-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 10500.0 Glass plate 121-08 - File: Glass p Operations: Y Scale Add 6416.66 0808109-001 - File: 0808109-001 Operations: Y Scale Add 9166.66 0808109-021 - File: 0808109-021 Operations: Y Scale Add -1833.3 0808109-019 - File: 0808109-019 Operations: Y Scale Add 7333.33 0808109-015 - File: 0808109-015 Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.00 0808109-013 - File: 0808109-013 Operations: Y Scale Add 9625.00 0808109-007 - File: 0808109-007 Operations: Y Scale Add 8708.33 0808109-006 - File: 0808109-006 Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.00 0808109-023 - File: 0808109-023

Lin (Counts)

2-Theta - Scale

114-08 Fleetwood 120-08 Aramark 121-08 Plumbers Union 118-08 Rubidoux Station 116-08 Wilson residence

(025) Bay J T-II clinker sub-surface (019) Bay G Block clinker surface (006) Bay A T-II clinker sub-surface (021) Bay H T-II clinker surface (023) Bay I T-II clinker surface (007) Bay B T-II clinker surface (015) Bay E Scrap clinker,soil, cement surface (013) Bay E Dirt and scrap surface (001) Spillage from Kiln #1 LN 0807302-004 Gray cement

calcium hydroxide calcium silicates

More Fingerprinting More Fingerprinting

• X

X-

• Ray Diffraction

Ray Diffraction (XRD) to (XRD) to measure measure chemical chemical composition and composition and crystal structure crystal structure

• Calcium

Calcium hydroxide a hydroxide a marker for fine marker for fine clinker dust clinker dust

• Found on

Found on deposition plates deposition plates nearer facility nearer facility

Near Plates Fine Clinker Dusts Distant Plates Calcium Hydroxide

Average PM10 from 3/26 - 4/9, 2008

20 40 60 80

• W. Riverside Monitoring

Station Adjacent to Riverside Cement

Location ug/m3

State 24-hour standard

Dust Emissions (PM10) Dust Emissions (PM10)

Cancer Risk Cancer Risk

• Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of

Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of continuous exposure continuous exposure

• Basinwide

Basinwide average is ~1200 in one million average is ~1200 in one million

• Only 7 weeks of data collected to date

Only 7 weeks of data collected to date

• Immediately adjacent to the site

Immediately adjacent to the site

– – 350 to 500 in one million 350 to 500 in one million

• Similar to risk levels found next to a busy

Similar to risk levels found next to a busy freeway, a rail yard or a chrome plating freeway, a rail yard or a chrome plating facility facility

Hexavalent Chromium Regulatory Levels and Monitored Levels

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

OSHA NIOSH CalEPA Reference Exposure Level Riverside Cement* West Riverside MATES III Basin Avg. MATES III

ng/m3

200 1000 5000 2.43 0.39 0.20

*Samples from Feb 12 to Apr 9, 2008 taken adjacent to Riverside Cement

Next Steps Next Steps

• Aggressive action to reduce the

Aggressive action to reduce the hexavalent hexavalent chromium emissions from Riverside Cement and chromium emissions from Riverside Cement and lower the risk levels in the community around the lower the risk levels in the community around the facility facility

– – Notices of Violation for visible dust emissions Notices of Violation for visible dust emissions – – Potentially modify permit requirements Potentially modify permit requirements – – New regulation, specific to cement production facilities, New regulation, specific to cement production facilities, limiting hexavalent chromium emissions limiting hexavalent chromium emissions – – Continued and additional sampling in the community for Continued and additional sampling in the community for hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10) hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10) – – Ongoing field surveillance and inspections Ongoing field surveillance and inspections