Weapons of Microscopic Destruction How Your Immune System Keeps You - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack Who are we? Scientists We work at the Babraham Institute We investigate how our bodies work and what can happen to make us ill Weapons of Microscopic
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Who are we?
Scientists
We work at the Babraham Institute We investigate how our bodies work and what can happen to make us ill
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Who are you?
Students
Which school do you go to? Are your parents scientists? What experiments have you already done?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Today you are…
Scientists
You’ll be investigating what makes us sick AND finding out how our bodies keep us safe
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
What are microorganisms?
Small, tiny, microscopic… Living creatures.. Can make you sick, but MOST DON’T Can be… bacteria, viruses, fungi
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
What do they do?
Good things? Antibiotics Toothpaste Food & Drink Decomposition Bad things? Infections Tooth decay Food decay Plant diseases
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Where are they found?
On our bodies In and on
animals In rivers and lakes In the air In the soil On your bodies Inside your bodies
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Where are they found?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Can you find any bacteria?
On you? In food? From our lab?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
What in your body keeps you safe from attack?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
What in your body keeps you safe from attack?
Heart Lungs Brain Lymph nodes Thymus Kidneys Liver Blood Spleen Bone marrow
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
Haematopoietic Stem Cell
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
Dendritic Cell
and deliver to the lymph nodes to trigger T cell and B cell action
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
Macrophage
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
T-cells
control
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
Neutrophils
cell
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Our Immune System Army
B-cells
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
The Immune Response
Innate Immune Response Adaptive Immune Response
dendritic cells
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Antibodies + Antigens
Variable region Constant region
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Breaking News… ‘One Infection’s Harry Sneeze taken ill’
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Harry sneezed at a concert..
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
How can we find out who in the audience has been infected?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
How can we find out who in the audience has been infected?
Latex Agglutination
pathogen, ‘agglutination’ or clumping is seen
Antigen on pathogen Antibody attached to latex bead
+
‘Clumping’
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Experimental Procedure
What you need:
What to do: 1) Place a small amount of sample in a centrifuge tube 2) Add a small amount of buffer 3) Vortex the tube to mix 4) Centrifuge the sample 5) Drop a small amount of sample, positive control and negative control on the black card 6) Mix in a small amount of latex agglutination beads 7) Observe!
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
Results – who should we treat?
Weapons of Microscopic Destruction – How Your Immune System Keeps You Safe from Attack
What have we learnt today?