Water Treatment Water Treatment CE 326 Principles of Environmental - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Water Treatment Water Treatment

CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering F b 19 2010 February 19, 2010 Tim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E.

Announcements:

– water chemistry problem set due next Friday

• c

drinking c drinking

• ntaminated

c_____________ drinking c_____________ drinking water has the greatest impact on water has the greatest impact on human health for > % of world’s human health for > % of world’s

• ntaminated

50 human health for ___% of world s human health for ___% of world s population population

• worldwide deaths due to contaminated

worldwide deaths due to contaminated 50 drinking water are approximately _________ drinking water are approximately _________ -

• ________ per day

________ per day

• % of hospital beds occupied by people

% of hospital beds occupied by people 14,000 - 25,000 - 25

• ___% of hospital beds occupied by people

___% of hospital beds occupied by people infected with waterborne illnesses infected with waterborne illnesses

• currently the world’s population that lack’s

currently the world’s population that lack’s 25 currently the world s population that lack s currently the world s population that lack s access to “safe” drinking water is ____% or access to “safe” drinking water is ____% or ____ billion ____ billion (Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002)

(Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002)

18 1.1

World Water World Water

• ____ billion are without proper sanitation

____ billion are without proper sanitation

• More than

million people die each year More than million people die each year 2.5 5

• More than ___ million people die each year

More than ___ million people die each year from diseases caused by unsafe drinking from diseases caused by unsafe drinking water, lack of sanitation, and insufficient water, lack of sanitation, and insufficient 5 water, lack of sanitation, and insufficient water, lack of sanitation, and insufficient water for hygiene. water for hygiene.

• In fact, over

million deaths occur each In fact, over million deaths occur each 2 act, o e __

• deat s occu eac

act, o e __

• deat s occu eac

year from water year from water-

• related diarrhea alone.

related diarrhea alone.

• Insufficient sanitation of water and

Insufficient sanitation of water and sanitation disproportionately affect sanitation disproportionately affect w________, c_______, and the p______. w________, c_______, and the p______.

• men

hildren

• or

World Water

• The majority of deaths from water

The majority of deaths from water-

• related diarrhea are

related diarrhea are among children under ___, and women. among children under ___, and women.

• At any given time, almost ____ of the people in developing

At any given time, almost ____ of the people in developing 15

half

countries suffer from water countries suffer from water-

• related diseases.

related diseases.

• Agriculture accounts for more than ____ percent of global

Agriculture accounts for more than ____ percent of global water consumption. water consumption. 90

• The inefficient use of water for

The inefficient use of water for i i__________ has led to __________ has led to depletion of groundwater resources in many of the depletion of groundwater resources in many of the world’s most important agricultural regions, and is the world’s most important agricultural regions, and is the rrigation world s most important agricultural regions, and is the world s most important agricultural regions, and is the primary source of groundwater pollution in parts of primary source of groundwater pollution in parts of E_________, the US, and A_____. E_________, the US, and A_____. urope sia

World Water World Water

• During the 1990s, about

million people in developing During the 1990s, about million people in developing 438 g , _____ p p p g g , _____ p p p g countries gained access to improved drinking water, countries gained access to improved drinking water, demonstrating the possibility for major improvements in demonstrating the possibility for major improvements in safe water access worldwide. safe water access worldwide.

• At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, world

At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, world leaders agreed to the goal of halving, by ______, the leaders agreed to the goal of halving, by ______, the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and sanitation and sanitation 2015 and sanitation. and sanitation.

• To meet this goal, an additional ____ billion people will

To meet this goal, an additional ____ billion people will need access to adequate water, and ___ billion will need need access to adequate water, and ___ billion will need improved sanitation improved sanitation 1.6 2 improved sanitation. improved sanitation.

• The annual investment required to meet the goal is

The annual investment required to meet the goal is estimated to be $____ billion, nearly twice the estimated to be $____ billion, nearly twice the t l l f i t t t l l f i t t 20 current level of investment. current level of investment.

World Water World Water

• Within

years, half the world's population could

25

Within ___ years, half the world s population could have trouble finding enough fresh water for d______ and i_________

25 rinking rrigation

• The study was carried out at Colorado University,

which surveyed river basins all over the planet to identify those under most pressure.

• It found a t_______ of the world's people already

li i i id d b "

hird

live in regions considered to be "w______- s_______" - where there is not enough, or barely enough water to go around

ater tressed

enough water to go around.

World Water World Water

• Areas at risk Waterways under most pressure

included

– China's Y_____ R_____ basin, – the Z_________ R____ in Africa, ellow iver ambizi iver – and the rivers that lead into the A___ S___ in Central Asia.

• Most of the water from those sources is used for

ral ea

Most of the water from those sources is used for i___________, not drinking, according to the study's leading author, Kenneth Strzepek. He says th t ith i i l ti h lf th ld' l rrigation that with rising populations, half the world's people will find it hard to get enough water for crops and livestock within years, and still have enough 25 livestock within ___ years, and still have enough left to d____ themselves. 25 rink

U S A U.S.A.

• In the U.S.A. approximately ___ billion gallons of

In the U.S.A. approximately ___ billion gallons of 450 pp y ___ g pp y ___ g water is withdrawn from surface and groundwater water is withdrawn from surface and groundwater supplies daily. supplies daily.

• About

% of this amount (32 About % of this amount (32 bgd bgd) is used for ) is used for 7 About ___% of this amount (32 About ___% of this amount (32 bgd bgd) is used for ) is used for public water supplies. public water supplies.

• Approximately 50,000 c_________ water systems

Approximately 50,000 c_________ water systems supply 80 to 90% of the U S population supply 80 to 90% of the U S population

• mmunity

supply 80 to 90% of the U.S. population. supply 80 to 90% of the U.S. population.

• On average, Americans use ____ gal/person/day.

On average, Americans use ____ gal/person/day. (This includes industrial uses and system losses). (This includes industrial uses and system losses). 130

• About ____ people do not have running water in their

About ____ people do not have running water in their homes. homes.

• The split between surface water and well water is

The split between surface water and well water is 4 m The split between surface water and well water is The split between surface water and well water is about _______. about _______. 50/50

I l % f th l ti I l % f th l ti 95

• In rural areas _____% of the population uses

In rural areas _____% of the population uses groundwater. groundwater.

• 20% of all public water supply wells and 29% of wells

20% of all public water supply wells and 29% of wells 95 in urban areas have detectable levels of at least one in urban areas have detectable levels of at least one v________ o__________ c______________. v________ o__________ c______________.

• At least 13 organic chemicals that are confirmed

At least 13 organic chemicals that are confirmed

• latile

rganic

• mpounds

t east 3 o ga c c e ca s t at a e co ed t east 3 o ga c c e ca s t at a e co ed animal or human c_____________ have been detected animal or human c_____________ have been detected in drinking water wells. in drinking water wells.

• Toxic organics were found in some wells in almost

Toxic organics were found in some wells in almost arcinogens

• Toxic organics were found in some wells in almost

Toxic organics were found in some wells in almost every state east of the Mississippi, t_______________ every state east of the Mississippi, t_______________ (TCE) was the most prevalent. (TCE) was the most prevalent. 1000 p blic drinking ater s stems that ser e 12 1000 p blic drinking ater s stems that ser e 12 richloroethylene

• 1000 public drinking water systems that serve 12

1000 public drinking water systems that serve 12 million people in the U.S. exceed n_____ levels at million people in the U.S. exceed n_____ levels at least some of the time. 8.7 million of these people are least some of the time. 8.7 million of these people are i C lif i i C lif i itrate in California. in California.

Iowa Water Iowa Water Iowa Water Iowa Water

• In Iowa, _____% of our drinking water comes from

In Iowa, _____% of our drinking water comes from d li d li 70 ground supplies. ground supplies.

• Iowans use an average of ____ gal/person each day.

Iowans use an average of ____ gal/person each day.

• Farms lose ______ tons of soil each year.

Farms lose ______ tons of soil each year. 66 145 m ______ y ______ y

• Soil runoff is the leading pollutant in Iowa's

Soil runoff is the leading pollutant in Iowa's waterways. waterways.

• Iowa has lost over

% of its wetlands. Iowa has lost over % of its wetlands. 90 Iowa has lost over ____% of its wetlands. Iowa has lost over ____% of its wetlands.

• Iowans apply more f_______ than all states except

Iowans apply more f_______ than all states except Illinois. Illinois.

• In 1996 there were

fish killed from manure In 1996 there were fish killed from manure 90 ertilizer 731,000 In 1996 there were _________ fish killed from manure In 1996 there were _________ fish killed from manure and chemical spills. and chemical spills.

• About ___% of public water systems had excessive

About ___% of public water systems had excessive bacterial counts during sampling period. bacterial counts during sampling period. 731,000 4 bacterial counts during sampling period. bacterial counts during sampling period.

Iowa Water Iowa Water Iowa Water Iowa Water

• Trihalomethanes

Trihalomethanes were detected in over were detected in over ____% of samples over a seven year ____% of samples over a seven year

• period. Only 10% of samples exceed
• period. Only 10% of samples exceed

drinking water standards drinking water standards 70 drinking water standards. drinking water standards.

• High nitrate levels were found in ___%

High nitrate levels were found in ___%

• f private wells and 2% of public water
• f private wells and 2% of public water

18

• f private wells and 2% of public water
• f private wells and 2% of public water

systems. systems.

• The herbicide

The herbicide atrazine atrazine was found in was found in ____% of drinking water samples. Only ____% of drinking water samples. Only 1% of samples exceed drinking water 1% of samples exceed drinking water standards standards 22 standards. standards.

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