Waste to Energy Plants C.G.E. Engineering s.r.l.- Via G. De - PDF document

Waste to Energy Plants C.G.E. Engineering s.r.l.- Via G. De Castillia 8 – 20124 Milano – Italia Tel. +39.02.9310623 Fax +39.02.9316562 www.cgeengineering.com www.compagniagenerale.com

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com Waste management gold rules Best Minimization : reducing the amount of packaging solution Re-use : packaging and products re-utilization Recycling : throwaway packaging and discarded materials used as raw materials again Energy recovery : production of electricity and thermal energy from waste that cannot be recycled Landfill : waste burying (in a safe place) The integrated waste management system is set up by: Differential collection : aim is maximizing the recyclable materials recovery 1. Waste to Energy : combustion of un-recyclable materials, retrieving from them as much en- 2. ergy as possible Minimum environmental impact from waste collecting and energy recovery activities, re- 3. ducing to the least the use of landfills 2

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com WASTE DISPOSAL modalities in main European cities 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Recycling 50% Incineration/WTE 40% Landfill 30% 20% 10% 0% Zurich Copenhagen Vienna Barcelona London Berlin Milan Helsinki Paris Budapest The BEST TECHNOLOGY for energy and environment condensate catalyst addictives electro- pollution steam bag filter filter control dusts ashes ashes smoke fan grid heat chimney exchanger heat waste slag air fan G electric power generator turbine waste storage WTE plant is roughly subdivided in the following sections: 1. Waste delivery and storage 2. Combustion chamber and steam generation 3. Electric power and heat production 4. Solid residual collection (slag, ashes, dusts) 5. Smoke abatement and pollution control 3

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com No need of landfills No illegal waste disposal Environmental improvement Main advantages and problems solved by WTE Energy recovery plants Know-how improvement Pay investment High-tech employment development 4

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com WTE plant fuels, products and by-products Controlled Products emissions Steam for Steam for industrial industrial purposes purposes Electric Electric energy energy Thermal Thermal energy for energy for district district heating heating What can be burnt Municipal Waste Waste Municipal Sewage Wood Hospital Industrial Sewage Wood Hospital Industrial solid solid sludge waste waste waste To Energy To Energy sludge waste waste waste waste waste Plant Plant Solid residuals Dusts Ashes Slag Dusts Ashes Slag Energetic and mass balance 1 kg waste generates: 0,025 kg ashes 0,75 kWh electric power 0,010 kg dusts 1,30 kWh heat 0,156 kg slag (to recovery) 0,00 m 3 sewage waste 5

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com How much electric power can be recovered? 1 kg waste How much heat? 1 kg waste 8 warm showers (3 min, 32°C) 6

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com Gas emissions (average 2010 values related to the “Milan-Silla2” WTE plant compared with limit values from Directive 2000/76/CE) Macro-pollutants [mg/Nm 3 ] 200 50 10 50 10 10 Limit value HCl Dust NO X SO 2 CO NH 3 “Milan-Silla2” WTE plant 2,2 39 5,9 0,8 0,16 0,1 Micro-pollutants [mg/Nm 3 ] “Milan-Silla2” Parameters Limit value WTE plant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons < 0,00003 0,01 Dioxins and furans (PCDD+PCDF) 0,0009 x 10 -6 0,1 x 10 -6 Cadmium + Thallium < 0,0013 0,05 Mercury < 0,006 0,05 Nickel < 0,001 0,1 Metals (Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+ Mn+Ni+V+Sn) < 0,0115 0,5 7

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com Best Available Technologies emissions comparison Parameters Limit value BAT plant “Milan-Silla2” (IPPC 2006) WTE plant (year 2010) [mg/Nm 3 ] [mg/Nm 3 ] [mg/Nm 3 ] SO 2 50 1-40 0,16 NO X (determined by measuring NO 2 ) 200 40-100 39,3 Dusts 10 1-5 < 0,1 CO 50 5-30 5,9 HCl 10 1-8 2,2 NH 3 10 < 10 0,8 TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 10 1-10 0,44 HF 1 < 0,001 < 0,0001 Cd+Tl 0,05 0,005-0,05 < 0,00013 Hg 0,05 0,001-0,02 < 0,006 As+Co+Cr+Cu+Mn+Ni+Pb+Sb 0,5 0,005-0,5 < 0,0115 Dioxins and furans (PCDD+PCDF) 0,1 x 10 -6 0,01-0,1 x 10 -6 0,0009 x 10 -6 Ultra-thin particles < 0,1 μm [number of particles / cm 3 ] Wood domestic fireplace 81’000 Diesel fuel heater 67’000 Wood pellet heater 52’000 “Milan-Silla2” WTE plant 18 Milan downtown air 32 8

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com Views of existing and under construction Italian WTE plants MILAN 9

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com BRESCIA TURIN 10

C.G.E. Engineering S.r.l. www.cgeengineering.com INTERIORS 11