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W ORKING D ATA S ET I NCLUDES 79,000 PATIENT ENCOUNTERS OVER TWO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

P REDICTING N O S HOWS IN F AMILY M EDICINE 1 Cole Phillips Jim Grayson, PhD David Newton Anna Ramanathan 1: Potential Publication P RESENTATION O VERVIEW Project Goal Explanation of Data Set and Impact of No Show Rate Visit Specific


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PREDICTING NO SHOWS IN FAMILY MEDICINE1

Cole Phillips Jim Grayson, PhD David Newton Anna Ramanathan

1: Potential Publication

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

¢ Project Goal ¢ Explanation of Data Set and Impact of No Show

Rate

¢ Visit Specific No Show Predictors — Return Visits — Hospital Discharge Visits ¢ Which Patients Aren’t Showing Up? ¢ Proposed Interventions to achieve goal ¢ Conclusion and Summary

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16.50% 12% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% No Show Rate Goal Rate

PROJECT GOAL IS TO REDUCE NO SHOW RATE AT AU FAMILY MEDICINE CLINIC

Current No Show Rate: 16.5% Goal No Show Rate: 12%

No Show Excess No Show Rate

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10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 May 2016- Apr 2017 May 2017- May 2018

AU FAMILY MEDICINE CLINIC NO SHOW RATE

Arrival No Show

WORKING DATA SET INCLUDES 79,000

PATIENT ENCOUNTERS OVER TWO YEARS

¢ What’s Included in the Data?

— Past No Show Rate — Age — Appointment day — Insurance type — Provider type — Race — Sex — Visit type — Zip code

Total Scheduled Visits

16.3% No Show Rate 16.7% No Show Rate

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HEALTHCARE IMPACT OF NO SHOWS IS

POOR OUTCOMES AND MORE ED VISITS

Patient No Shows Negatively Impact Health

¢ Patients who No Show are at risk of:1,2 — Poorly controlled disease states, especially in

diabetes and high blood pressure

— Not being up to date on preventative services and

vaccines

— Higher quantity of visits to the emergency

department and inpatient admissions to the hospital

¢ Clinic suffers from patient No Shows3 — Lack of continuity of care and disrupted flow — Empty slots take up appointment time that could

have been used to see another patient

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FINANCIAL IMPACT OF CURRENT NO SHOW RATE VS. GOAL RATE IS ~$670,000 FOR 2017*

Includes clinic and inpatient revenue

$8,000,000 $9,000,000 $10,000,000 $11,000,000 $12,000,000 2016 2017

YEARLY FINANCIAL IMPACT OF HIGH NO SHOW RATE

Total Revenue Now Total Revenue at Goal No Show Rate *Revenue data assumes $80 professional services revenue and $118 facility revenue for every family medicine visit. Then, from historical data, it is assumed that 3% of every patient that comes to clinic will be admitted to the hospital during the year and that every inpatient visit generates $5,444 of additional revenue.

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Hospital Discharge Visit New Patient Visit Annual Visit Return Visit Other Same Day Visit

NO SHOW RATE BY VISIT TYPE WITH VOLUMES ABOVE BAR

Current No Show Rate Goal No Show Rate

ALL VISIT TYPES ARE ABOVE GOAL RATE

EXCEPT FOR SAME DAY VISITS Focus first on return visits due to large volume and maximum benefit of reducing no show rate

51,700 scheduled

1,600 scheduled

6,900 scheduled

No Show Rate *Goal No Show Rate

3,100 scheduled

*Other includes Lab Visit, Procedures, Consults, and similar type visits

*

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10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Return Visit New Patient Visit Hospital Discharge Visit Same Day Visit Annual Visit Other

SHOW AND NO SHOW TOTALS BY VISIT TYPE

No Show Show

APPROACH: PREDICT NO SHOWS BY

SEGMENTING ENCOUNTERS BY VISIT TYPE

Focus on Three Visit Types

1) Return Visits 2) New Patient Visits 3) Hospital Discharge Visits

Initial Focus due to Large Volume

Encounters

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10000 20000 30000 May 2016-Apr 2017 May 2017- May 2018

RETURN VISIT NO SHOW RATES AND VOLUMES BY YEAR

Arrival No Show

RETURN VISIT NO SHOW RATE HAS BEEN ~17% FOR THE LAST TWO YEARS

16.7% No Show Rate 17.6% No Show Rate

Total Scheduled Visits

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PAST PERFORMANCE IS MOST

PREDICTIVE OF NO SHOW

*No Show Rate: Percentage of visits patient didn’t show up to appt. *No Show Delta: Value of missed appts. in relation to made appts.

Variable Importance

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Y2 Return Delta Y1 No Show Rate Y1 Return No Show Rate Y1 Return Delta Y2 Return No Show Rate

REALTIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT PREDICTORS 10

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PAST PERFORMANCE IS MOST

PREDICTIVE OF NO SHOW

Day of the week also played a role in prediction

Variable Importance

*No Show Rate: Percentage of visits patient didn’t show up to appt. *No Show Delta: Value of missed appts. in relation to made appts. *Arrivals: How many total appts. a patient showed up for

10 20 30 40 50 60 Y1 HDC Delta Y2 HDC No Show Rate Y2 HDC Delta Day of Week Time of Day Y2 HDC Arrivals Y1 HDC No Show Rate Y1 HDC Arrivals

VARIABLE IMPORTANCE IN PREDICTION 17

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PREDICTION MODEL IS ACCURATE 85% OF

THE TIME WITH CURRENT DATA

85% 15%

PREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF THE MODEL

Correct Prediction Wrong Prediction

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THREE TIERED DATA BASED INTERVENTION

AIMED AT REDUCING NO SHOW RATE TO 12%

Four Cohorts each randomly split into control and intervention groups

¢ Cohort 1: n= 2,819 (25% of patients), NSR= 28% — Patients with 1 No Show in current year ¢ Cohort 2: n= 843 (7.5% of patients), NSR= 37% — Patients with 2 No Shows in current year ¢ Cohort 3: n= 527 (5% of patients), NSR= 47% — Patients with 3 or more No Shows in current year ¢ Foundations of Interventions: — Nudge Theory 4, 5 — Practical Staff Reminder Systems 6, 7, 8 — Patient Education 9

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EXPLANATION OF INTERVENTIONS

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Control group – No intervention is employed for these patients, they receive the same reminder letters and reminder messages that every patient receives Crafted Letter – This letter has ‘social norm’ theory language geared at ‘nudging’ patients towards arriving at appointments and was sent at the beginning of the study Crafted Text Message – This text message has abbreviated ‘social norm’ theory language and is sent either 5 days prior or 1 day prior to an appointment depending

  • n group

Scripted Staff Phone Call – This phone call is performed by the AU staff and is a personal scripted reminder 5 days prior to an appointment

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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% PATIENTS WITH 1 NO-SHOW 3 No Show Rate

Minimal

improvement n=675 n=342 n=733

*Not enough data to be significant yet*

*Control group – no intervention *Received TEXT 5 days prior to appt. *Received LETTER at beginning of study

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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% PATIENTS WITH 2 NO-SHOWS 4 No Show Rate

9.8%

improvement n=302 n=147 n=118

*Not enough data to be significant yet*

*Control group – no intervention *Received LETTER at beginning of study and CALL 5 days prior to appt. *Received LETTER at beginning of study and TEXT 5 days prior to appt.

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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% PATIENTS WITH 3 OR MORE NO-SHOWS 5 No Show Rate

19%

improvement n=310 n=88 n=93 n=87

*Significant results achieved with a p-value of < .01 and Power

  • f .84*

*Control group – no intervention *Received LETTER at beginning of study and CALL 5 days prior and TEXT 1 day prior to appt. *Received LETTER at beginning of study and TEXT 1 day prior to appt. *Received LETTER at beginning of study and CALL 5 days prior to appt.

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SUMMARY OF INTERVENTION SUCCESS

Intervention Patient Group Patient # No-Show Rate Control Group 1 No-Show 675

21.2%

Text Only (5 days) 1 No-Show 342

24.0%

Letter Only 1 No-Show 733

18.9%

Control Group 2 No-Shows 302

26.8%

Letter & Call (5 days) 2 No-Shows 118

17.8%

Letter & Text (5 days) 2 No-Shows 147

17.0%

Control Group 3 or more No-Shows 310

39.7%

Letter & Text (1 day) 3 or more No-Shows 88

37.6%

Letter & Call (5 days) 3 or more No-Shows 93

32.9%

Letter & Call (5 days) & Text (1 day) 3 or more No-Shows 87

20.7%

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REFERENCES

1)

Nguyen, D, DeJesus, R, Wieland, M. “Missed appointments in resident continuity clinic: patient characteristics and health care outcomes.” Journal of Graduate Medical

  • Education. 2011;9:350-355

2)

Nuti, L, Lawley, M, et al. “No Shows to Primary Care Appointments: Subsequent Care Utilization among Diabetic Patients.” BMC Health Services Research. 2012; 12:304

3)

Weingarten, N, Meyer, D, Schneid, J. “Failed appointments in residency practices: who misses them and what providers are most affected?” The Journal of the American Board

  • f Family Practice. 1997;10(6):407-411

4)

Nakhasi, Atul, Fox, Craig. “The Best Flu Prevention Might be Behavioral Economics.” Harvard Business Review. April 2018

5)

Milkman, K, et al. “Using Implementation Intentions Prompts to Enhance Influenza Vaccination Rates.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011; 108(26): 10415-10420

6)

Shah, S, et al. “Targeted Reminder Phone Calls to Patients at High Risk of No-Show for Primary Care Appointment: A Randomized Trial.” Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2016; 31(12):1460-1466

7)

Perron, N, et al. “Reduction of missed appointments at an Urban Primary Care Clinic: A Randomized Controlled study.” BMC Family Practice. 2010; 11(79)

8)

Parikh, A, et al. “The Effectiveness of Outpatient Reminder Systems in Reducing No- Show Rates.” American Journal of Medicine. 2010; 123(6): 542-548

9)

DuMontier, C, et al. “A Multi Method Intervention to Reduce No-Shows in an Urban Residency Clinic.” Journal of Family Medicine. 2013; 45(9): 634-641

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