[PPT] - W hat is Robotics Robotics is the science that studies robots and PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

W hat is Robotics

CY

Robotics is the science that studies robots and the

02CFI C

technology that builds them

CFI DV

Robotics started its development during WWII (Manhattan project)

CA – 01C

Robots (seen as an artificial beings) appeared in b k d i l b f l li ti

OBOTI C

books and movies long before real applications

RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 1

SLIDE 2

Robotics

R b ti i ltidi i li fi ld

CY

Robotics is a multidisciplinary field

– mechanics (structures, … ) l t i ( t t t l b d ) 02CFI C – electronics (sensors, actuators, control boards, … ) – electrical engineering (motors, drives, power sources, … ) – information technologies (algorithms OS AI ) CFI DV – information technologies (algorithms, OS, AI, … ) – advanced control – communications CA – 01C communications

but also

– material sciences and nanotechnology OBOTI C material sciences and nanotechnology – cognitive sciences, neurosciences – human-machine interfaces RO – ergonomy, safety – biomimesis, ethology

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 2

SLIDE 3

Robots

CY

Robots are artificial beings. Two types of artificial beings exist:

02CFI C

beings exist:

– Those that include biological material or parts capable of auto-organization CFI DV – Those that do not contain any biological parts

Robots discussed here belong to the second type; they

CA – 01C

Robots discussed here belong to the second type; they do not contain biological parts, but they may be able to

– move autonomously in a partially known environment OBOTI C y p y – interact with humans (supplying collaborative behavior) – cooperate with other robots to execute specific tasks RO – learn from a teacher or from their experience

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 3

SLIDE 4

Robotics: a tim eline

1) 1818 1942 b t d ib d ith i l d l i

CY

1) 1818-1942: robots are described either in novels and plays or in science fiction stories (Frankenstein, RUR, Asimov, …) 2) 1945: tele manipulators used for nuclear products processing

02CFI C

2) 1945: tele-manipulators used for nuclear products processing 3) 1948: Grey Walter (UK) builds “turtle robots” Elmer and Elsie 4) 1956: Unimation is the first industrial robot firm

CFI DV

4) 1956: Unimation is the first industrial robot firm 5) 1961: first robot on GM car lines

CA – 01C OBOTI C

1

RO

3

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 4

2 4

SLIDE 5

Robotics: a tim eline

CY

6) 1970: SRI Shakey 7) 1975: PUMA manipulator

7

02CFI C

) p 8) 1979: Stanford cart 9) 1999: Sony AIBO

CFI DV

) y 10) 2000: Honda Asimo 11) 2004: Mars rovers Spirit & Opportunity

6 8

CA – 01C

) p pp y 12) 2006-7: DARPA Challenge

9 10

OBOTI C

9 11

RO

12

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 5

SLIDE 6

Robots in the m ovies

Forbidden Planet (1956)

CY

Metropolis (1927) Forbidden Planet (1956)

02CFI C CFI DV

Star Wars (1977) Robocop (1987) Terminator (1984)

CA – 01C

Terminator (1984)

OBOTI C RO

Robots are either “good” or “bad”

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 6

SLIDE 7

A possible future scenario

CY 02CFI C Object Interaction with environment CFI DV Object manipulation CA – 01C OBOTI C RO Autonomous motion

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 7

SLIDE 8

W hat w e can expect in the near future

CY

Better to be prudent, considering some forecasting …

02CFI C

Heavier‐than‐air flying machines are impossible

William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, 1895

CFI DV

Nuclear powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality within 10 years

Al L t P id t f th L t C ti 1955

CA – 01C

Alex Lewyt, President of the Lewyt Corporation , 1955

There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home

OBOTI C

home

Ken Olson, President and fouder, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 8

SLIDE 9

Europe and Robotics

CY 02CFI C

The European Robotics Platform EUROP anticipates three key

sectors for research efforts

CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C

Industrial Robotics Service Robotics Safety and Space

RO

Industrial Robotics Service Robotics Safety and Space Robotics

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 9

SLIDE 10

I d t i l R b t Europe and Robotics

CY

I ndustrial Robots

to achieve high-quality and cost-effective flexible manufacturing and logistics in all

02CFI C

flexible manufacturing and logistics in all major industrial branches

CFI DV

Gradually, these future robots will become the

workers’ assistants serving them at the workplace. Th ill t th titi d t t

CA – 01C

They will carry out the repetitive and strenuous parts
f a worker’s task and will increasingly safeguard

workers from accidents and other relevant health care

OBOTI C

problems, thus alleviating the concerns of rising health care costs, particularly for small manufacturers.

RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 10

SLIDE 11

Service Robots Europe and Robotics

CY

Service Robots

Service robots will be found in all domains of our future life. They represent not only a

hope for a more convenient world but also a massive new market for high technology industries

02CFI C

industries.

This sector offers significant opportunities for European industry. Service robotics can be

conveniently divided into in three market segments, that handle very different

CFI DV

situations.

Professional Applications Entertainment D ti U

CA – 01C

Domestic Use

OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 11

SLIDE 12

Security and Space Robots Europe and Robotics

CY

In the coming years, security enforcement In the longer term, other major application

Security and Space Robots

02CFI C

g y , y … will rely more and more on automated

systems. In the first instance, civil security

missions will include surveillance of

surveillance of

g , j pp drivers will include maritime surveillance

maritime surveillance

(traffic control and monitoring of ship movements, supervision of illegal fishery),

CFI DV

critical infrastructure critical infrastructure

(telecommunication and power lines, water, gas and oil pipelines, etc.) and extended

extended

g

crime monitoring, search and rescue crime monitoring, search and rescue

perations, environmental monitoring
perations, environmental monitoring

(fire detection and fire fighting, oil spill

CA – 01C

border and coastal patrol border and coastal patrol boosted by

the shift of EU borders to the East and the need to

to monitor illegal immigration monitor illegal immigration fl fl

discovery, etc.) and surveillance of

surveillance of hazardous materials hazardous materials.

OBOTI C

fluxes fluxes.

RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 12

SLIDE 13

Space Europe and Robotics

CY

The application of robotics in space is unique in that it forces the robot to operate without

direct human assistance and acts as a platform for the projection of human capabilities to remote and hostile environments. Robotic applications in space fall into two

02CFI C

categories: assembly/ repair in space and planetary exploration:

Assembly & Repair in Space

CFI DV

y p p

Space-based robotic manipulators provide the basis for on-orbit servicing of satellites, through the replacement of equipment modules.

Planetary Exploration

CA – 01C

Planetary Exploration

Robots will become the personal assistants of astronauts. They will operate on distant planets, using high level directives, responding to and interacting with humans. They will be our agents of planetary surface and deep space exploration handling the repetitive

OBOTI C

be our agents of planetary surface and deep space exploration, handling the repetitive and time-consuming tasks of data collection and data reduction. Teams of robots will survey vast regions, and will classify geological features and formations and search for evidence of life

RO

evidence of life.

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 13

SLIDE 14

Possible future applications – USA

CY

Research is mainly funded by DARPA -

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

02CFI C

g y

– Homeland security systems – UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Autonomous vehicles for urban

CFI DV

– Autonomous vehicles for urban environment (DARPA challenge) – Battlefield intervention systems

CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 14

SLIDE 15

Possible future applications – USA

CY

In the days following 9/11 several

robots were used for SAR (Search and Rescue) tasks

02CFI C

)

Results were disappointing, but the

lesson learned was important

CFI DV

– Better HMI/HCI – Better operators training – Sensors interchangeability

CA – 01C

– Improved autonomy – Physical configuration

OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 15

SLIDE 16

Military Applications

CY 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Domestic li ti

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 16

applications

SLIDE 17

Roboethics

CY 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C

The focus of the TC includes 1. the unintended warfare uses of

OBOTI C

robotics research results 2. the preservation of human integrity in the interaction with robotic (even

RO

( bionic) systems 3. and the study and development of the robot-ethics concept

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino AA 2006/ 07 002/ 17

robot ethics concept

SLIDE 18

Possible future applications – Japan

Entertainment and aging people

CY

Entertainment and aging people

support robots

02CFI C CFI DV

Nurse 1

CA – 01C

Nurse 2 AI BO falls

OBOTI C

Pro me t danc e s

RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 18

SLIDE 19

Possible future applications – EU

Service Robotics

CY

Service Robotics

– Home support for impaired or aged people (assistive robotics) Prosthesis and rehabilitation services

02CFI C

– Prosthesis and rehabilitation services – Hospital logistic and physicians support Search and rescue

CFI DV

– Search and rescue – Surveillance, cleaning, house- keeping Logistic support services

CA – 01C

– Logistic support services

OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 19

SLIDE 20

CY 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino AA 2006/ 07 002/ 20

SLIDE 21

To build future robots …

CY I t is not sufficient to give them tw o arm s and tw o legs 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO … a brain m ust be included

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 21

SLIDE 22

W hat is the difference betw een industrial and service/ m obile robotics?

CY

/

02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 22

SLIDE 23

I ndustrial robotics

CY 02CFI C

Industrial robotics: it is mainly focused on m anipulation

CFI DV Traditional manufacturing sectors: handling, assembling, welding, packaging, painting, glue and seals deposition CA – 01C Growing diffusion in non traditional sectors (agricolture, clothing, food industry, small components mounting, pharmaceutical, etc.) OBOTI C p , ) RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 23

SLIDE 24

I ndustrial robotics

CY 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 24

SLIDE 25

I ndustrial robotics

CY 02CFI C CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 25

SLIDE 26

Service robotics

CY

Mobile and service robotics: mainly focused on autonom ous m otion and sensor-based intelligence

02CFI C Surveillance, security Logistics and cleaning Domestic and assistive robotics for disabled/ impaired/ aged CFI DV Domestic and assistive robotics for disabled/ impaired/ aged people Hospital services CA – 01C Natural disaster intervention Humanitarian demining, clearing up of contaminated or polluted areas OBOTI C areas Space exploration Underwater exploration RO Aerial reconnaissance …

thers…

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino 002/ 26

SLIDE 27

This course

CY

This course

02CFI C

First industrial robotics Then service robotics

CFI DV CA – 01C OBOTI C RO

Basilio Bona – DAUI N – Politecnico di Torino AA 2006/ 07 002/ 27

SLIDE 28