Volt VAR Optimization Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Volt VAR Optimization Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Volt VAR Optimization Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration Circuits Presenters: Andrija Sadikovic, Rustom Dessai Jul 19, 2016 READ AND DELETE For best results with this template, use PowerPoint 2003 PG&E Company Overview

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Volt VAR Optimization

Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration Circuits

Presenters: Andrija Sadikovic, Rustom Dessai Jul 19, 2016

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PG&E Company Overview

Service Territory Distribution System

  • Regulated investor-owned utility
  • 5.5 million electric customers
  • 70,000 sq. mile service territory
  • Total Distributed Generation1 = 2,716 MW
  • PG&E System Peak Load2 = 21,062 MW

(1) As of 6/14/2016 (2) From 7/13/2013

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Agenda

  • 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt VAR Optimization Smart

Grid Pilot Project

  • 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO
  • 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity
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PG&E is 2 years into a 3 year VVO Pilot

  • Objective - evaluate VVO’s ability to:

1. Enhance grid monitoring & control 2. Accommodate growing distributed generation 3. Improve grid efficiency and reduce energy demand

  • Scope – lab test then field trial on 14 feeders
  • Varying DG penetration (ranging from 0% – 35%: nameplate / peak)
  • Four feeders with > 25%
  • Preliminary* energy reduction results to date from 12 feeders:
  • Summer/Fall 2015 Cumulative CVRf: 0.9

Summer 2015 Fall 2015 Winter 2015/2016 Spring 2016 Cumulative 0.2% 1.4% 1.6% 0.7% 1.1%

* Results will be refined through course of pilot as new data and analysis methods are introduced

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  • Original VVO feeder selection analysis done near end of 2013
  • Observed significant increases in DG penetration on VVO feeders in short

span (<3 years) of pilot 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

A-1101 A-1102 A-1103 P-2101 P-2102 P-2103 B-1114 B-1115 B-1116 W-2104 W-2105 W-2106 D-1102 D-1104

VVO Feeder DG Penetration Increases

DG / Peak Load 2013 DG / Peak Load 2016

DG Penetration Increases on VVO Circuits: 2013-2016

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No strategy Disable VVO for any reverse power seen at LTC or regs Ride-through reverse power

  • nly for regs

set to co-gen mode; Disable

  • therwise

Vendors not allowed out

  • f test

phase Caused certain systems to trip regularly around midday Works well for PG&E’s VVO circuits so far

Reverse power VVO vendor strategy progression

Feeder Head MW Line Regulator MW

0 MW 0 MW

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Impact of Solar Generation on VVO M&V

Hour of Day Real Power (MW)

  • When overlaying VVO on/off

days, significant duck curves found from variations in solar generation

  • Revised regression algorithm to

include solar irradiance, as impact was significant compared to the amount of change trying to be measured by VVO (1-2%)

  • Resulted in 7 substation periods

having lower energy savings, and 5 substation periods having higher energy savings than previous analysis

  • One bank’s results went from

negative to positive energy savings after including solar irradiance effects

Real Power VVO On/Off Overlay

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  • Found existing voltage unbalance on feeders during summer severely

limited VVO functionality

  • New visibility through frequent AMI voltage readings can help weed out

feeders that may have existing issues with voltage or voltage unbalance

  • As part of the VVO pilot, PG&E enabled 15 min / hourly voltage reads
  • n 1 million meters to help inform future VVO feeder selection

Aug 25 Aug 26 Aug 27 Aug 28

VVO On VVO Disables VVO On VVO Disables

126 120 114 Sept 29 Sept 30 Oct 1 Oct 2 126 120 114

VVO Off VVO On VVO Off VVO On

Summer 2015 Fall 2015

Lessons Learned: Feeder Screening

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Agenda

  • 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt Var Optimization Smart Grid

Pilot Project

  • 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO
  • 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity
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Exploring value of Smart Inverters in support of VVO

  • Modeling
  • How can VVO control of Smart Inverters improve VVO performance?
  • What value could VVO extract from “VARs at night”?
  • Lab Testing (in progress)
  • What “VVO friendly” power factor and Volt-VAR settings deliver safe

“no fight” conditions in the field

  • Field Trial (starts in August 2016)
  • Collaborate with 3rd party installers to:

 Sign up customers to participate in the pilot and install Smart Inverters by Q3 2016  Remote Smart Inverter control by adjusting Fixed Power Factor and Volt- VAR settings in accordance to VVO use cases

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Large DG

Dinuba Sub

Dinuba 1104 studied due to challenging voltage control conditions

Complex with concentrated DG

  • > 100 circuit miles
  • 5 line voltage regulators
  • 23% DG penetration1
  • Three large DGs: 2 x 1 MW, 1 x 0.7 MW

VVO Go Live in Jan 2016 drove interest in predicting performance

(1) Measured as DG capacity / feeder peak load. At time study began, additional DG connection has raised penetration to 40% as of June 2016

Dinuba

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Explored different control methods and DG levels

  • Case 1: No VVO
  • Case 2: VVO controls VRs and Caps, PV-DG operates at constant power

factor (typically unity)

  • Case 3: VVO controls VRs, Caps, and DG smart inverter power factor

(either 0.95 leading, zero, 0.95 lagging)

Modeled Sunny through Cloudy Conditions

Cloud index 0 Cloud index 4 Cloud index 8

Modeled Existing to 4x DG Penetration No DG Existing 2x 3x 4x

6 AM – 9 PM

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0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 23% 47% 70% 94% DG Penetration

Dinuba 1104: Quasi Time Series Analysis Results

Daytime

(8 am – 6 pm)

VARs at Night

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 23% 45% 68% 91% 0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15% 23% 47% 70% 94% 0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15% 23% 45% 68% 91%

Energy Delivery Savings Line Loss Reduction

Case 2: Traditional VVO Case 3: VVO plus SI p.f. control Charts below show comparison of VVO savings metrics Case 1 (No VVO) at varying DG penetration levels

Energy Reduction (MWh)

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 23% 47% 70% 94% 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 23% 45% 68% 91%

*Results should be deemed as preliminary regarding potential VVO benefits and specific to the feeder studied. It is recommended that further analyses be conducted for a larger sample of feeders with varying topologies, voltage levels, customer densities, customer types, etc.

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DG as Part of VVO – Technical Analysis Results

Case 3 (with control of SI) delivers better voltage control

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Agenda

  • 1. Background on PG&E’s Volt Var Optimization Smart Grid

Pilot Project

  • 2. Exploration of how Smart Inverters can enhance VVO
  • 3. VVO in support of DG hosting capacity
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DG as Part of VVO – Technical Analysis Results

VVO (no control of SI) could increase the hosting capacity

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Next Steps

VVO Pilot Smart Inverter Field Trial

  • Adjust Smart Inverter p.f. and Volt-Var settings to evaluate impact

to VVO performance

Follow technology and regulatory development to automate use of Smart Inverters

  • DERMS pilot in late 2016
  • Follow ADMS / VVO / DERMS

technology developments

  • California Distributed Resources

Plan – locational value of Smart Inverters

GRID of

THINGS

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For best results with this template, use PowerPoint 2003

Volt VAR Optimization

Use of Smart Inverters on High DG Penetration Circuits

Andrija Sadikovic

a7sw@pge.com

Rustom Dessai, PE

r1dp@pge.com

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Questions?