Vio le nc e in Pub lic Spa c e s Inte r national Me n and Ge nde - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Vio le nc e in Pub lic Spa c e s

Inte r national Me n and Ge nde r E quality Sur ve y (IMAGE S) Middle E ast and No r th Afr ic a (ME NA)

E g ypt, L e b a no n, Mo ro c c o a nd Pa le stine Gar y Bar ke r and She r e e n E l F e ki

IMAGE S ME NA

Ove rvie w

• COMPONE

NT S: Re pre se nta tive HH surve ys + q ua lita tive re se a rc h

• T

OPICS: Attitude s, pra c tic e s a nd c hildho o d e xpe rie nc e s re la te d

to g e nde r e q ua lity, g e nde r-b a se d vio le nc e , c a re g iving , wo me n’ s pa rtic ipa tio n in pub lic spa c e s, he a lth

• QUE

ST IONNAIRE : Ada pte d fo r the re g io n a nd fo r e a c h c o untry

fro m the c o re I MAGE S q ue stio nna ire ; pre -te ste d a nd tra nsla te d into lo c a l Ara b ve rsio ns (+F re nc h a nd o the r la ng ua g e s in Mo ro c c o )

• DAT

A COL L E CT E D: April 2016 – Ma rc h 2017 using ha ndhe ld

c o mpute r de vic e s (e xc e pt Pa le stine )

• F

UNDE RS: UN Wo me n, SI

DA, US I nstitute o f Pe a c e , BUGI S (Ne the rla nds), Arc us F

• unda tio n

IMAGE S ME NA

Pa rtne rs

 E

gypt: AUC a nd E

l-Za na ty Asso c ia te s

 L

e banon: ABAAD a nd L

a Sa g e sse Unive rsity

 Mor

• c c o: CE

RE D a nd Unive rsité Ha ssa n I I

 Pale stine: Birze it Unive rsity  IRB appr

• val in e ac h c ountr

y

 F

• rma tio n o f Na tio na l Str

ate gic Consultative Gr

• ups (SCGs)

Sa mple :

Who wa s surve ye d?

Sample Size E gypt Moroc c o L e banon* Pale stine *

Me n (18-59 ye a rs o ld) 1380 1200 1050 1200 Wo me n (18-59 ye a rs o ld) 1402 1200 1136 1199 T OT AL 2782 2400 2186 2399

Re sponse Rate 99.8% 89.6% 99.7% ~100%

*Na tiona lly re pre se nta tive sa mple

Pote ntia l roots of stre e t- ba se d se xua l ha ra ssme nt

1) T e nsio ns a ro und wo me n’ s c ha ng ing ro le s?

Pe rc e nta g e re spo nde nts who a g re e d o r stro ng ly a g re e d with se le c te d sta te me nts a b o ut wo me n's e duc a tio n a nd e mplo yme nt, I MAGE S ME NA 2016

35 16 31 75 98 88 22 8 55 89 73 71 32 12 79 86 57 31 40 18 52 73 83 70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ME N WOME N ME N WOME N ME N WOME N I f re so urc e s a re sc a rc e , it is mo re impo rta nt to e duc a te so ns tha n da ug hte rs A ma rrie d wo ma n sho uld ha ve the sa me rig ht to wo rk

• utside the ho me a s he r

husb a nd Whe n wo rk o ppo rtunitie s a re sc a rc e , me n sho uld ha ve a c c e ss to jo b s b e fo re wo me n

E g ypt Mo ro c c o L e b a no n Pa le stine

Pote ntia l roots of stre e t- ba se d se xua l ha ra ssme nt

2) Childho o d vio le nc e

65 79 56 62 60 74 35 46 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

E g ypt Mo ro c c o L e b a no n Pa le stine

ME N WOME N

Pe rc e nta g e o f re spo nde nts a g e d 18 to 59 who e xpe rie nc e d a t le a st o ne o f thre e a c ts o f physic a l vio le nc e a t ho me b e fo re the a g e o f 18, I MAGE S ME NA 2016

Pote ntia l roots of stre e t- ba se d se xua l ha ra ssme nt

3) Me n’ s c o ntro l o f wo me n

100 98 95 100 99 95 83 97 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

E g ypt Mo ro c c o L e b a no n Pa le stine Ma n e xe rts so me fo rm o f spo usa l c o ntro l ME N WOME N

Pe rc e nta g e o f e ve r-ma rrie d re spo nde nts who re po rte d husb a nd e xe rts a t le a st o ne fo rms o f c o ntro l o ve r re la tio nship with his/ he r spo use , I MAGE S ME NA 2016

Pote ntia l roots of stre e t- ba se d se xua l ha ra ssme nt

3) Me n’ s e c o no mic unc e rta inty

40 22 43 54 10 20 30 40 50 60 E g ypt Mo ro c c o L e b a no n Pa le stine Ra te s o f wo rk-re la te d stre ss

Pe rc e nta g e o f re spo nde nts who a g re e d o r stro ng ly a g re e d with se le c te d sta te me nts a b o ut his/ he r wo rk a nd fina nc ia l situa tio n, I MAGE S ME NA

Wo rk-stre ss c o mpo site inc lude s the fo llo wing q ue stio ns:

• F

re q ue ntly stre sse d o r de pre sse d b e c a use o f la c k o f wo rk o r inc o me

• So me time s fe e ls a sha me d to

fa c e fa mily b e c a use o f la c k

• f wo rk o r inc o me
• Wo rrie s a b o ut pro viding

fa mily with da ily ne c e ssitie s

Se xua l Ha ra ssme nt:

Stre e t-b a se d vio le nc e a g a inst wo me n

65 53 31 37 60 63 57 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 E g ypt Mo ro c c o L e b a no n Pa le stine Se xua l/ Stre e t Ha ra ssme nt ME N'S PE RPE T RAT I ON WOME N'S E XPE RI E NCE

Pe rc e nta g e o f me n who ha ve c o mmitte d se le c te d a c ts o f se xua l ha ra ssme nt/ a ssa ult a g a inst wo me n, a nd wo me n who ha ve e xpe rie nc e d suc h a c ts in pub lic spa c e s, life time ra te s, I MAGE S ME NA 2016

Boys Ha ving F un?

Se lf-re po rte d mo tive s fo r pe rpe tra ting stre e t ha ra ssme nt

5 18 9 60 4 8 4 2 87 2 5 7 3 71 8 7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

To show off to other boys/men To put the woman in her place For excitement

• r fun

Because my friends encouraged me to Because women like it Egypt Morocco Lebanon Palestine

1.8 2.1 2.2 1.7

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

E duc a tio n se c o nda ry (re f: no ne ) We a lth hig h (re f: lo w) Witne ssing I PV a s c hild E xpe rie nc ing vio le nc e a s c hild

Odds Ra tios

E GYPT : Multivar iate analysis - c or r e late s of life time pe r pe tr ation of se xual har assme nt

(a djuste d for a g e , se ttle me nt type a nd e ve r- ma rrie d sta tus)

0.3 1.6

0.5 1 1.5 2

E ve r b e e n ma rrie d E xpe rie nc ing vio le nc e a s c hild

Odds Ra tios

L E BANON: Multivar iate analysis - c or r e late s of life time pe r pe tr ation of se xual har assme nt

(a djuste d for a g e , e duc a tion, we a lth inde x a nd e ve r witne ssing IPV a s a c hild)

1.4 1.3 0.5 1.3

0.5 1 1.5 2

We a lth: midd (re f: lo w) Urb a n (re f: rura l) E ve r b e e n ma rrie d E xpe rie nc ing vio le nc e a s c hild

Odds Ra tios

PAL E ST INE : Multivar iate analysis - c or r e late s of life time pe r pe tr ation of se xual har assme nt

(a djuste d for a g e , e duc a tion, a nd e ve r witne ssing viole nc e in the c hildhood home )

0.7 2 0.3 2.5 1.7

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Ag e E duc a tio n supe rie ur (re f: no ne ) E ve r b e e n ma rrie d Witne ssing I PV a s c hild E xpe rie nc ing vio le nc e a s c hild

Odds Ra tios

MOROCCO: Multivar iate analysis - c or r e late s of life time pe r pe tr ation of se xual har assme nt

(a djuste d for we a lth inde x a nd se ttle me nt type )

Summa ry of F a c tors Assoc ia te d with Me n’s Stre e t- Ba se d Se xua l Ha ra ssme nt:  Witne ssing a nd/ o r e xpe r

ie nc ing physic a l vio le nc e in

c hildho o d ho me a ll 4 c o untrie s

 Pr

imar ily younge r , unmar r ie d me n

 Me n with se c ondar

y e duc ation and highe r inc ome (in 2 c ountr ie s) HYPOT HE SIS: F

rustratio n and e ntitle me nt amo ng yo ung me n with so me e duc atio n, re sistanc e b y yo ung me n to wo me n’ s e mpo we rme nt, partic ularly in paid wo rkfo rc e

F a c tors Assoc ia te d with Wome n’s E xpe rie nc e s of Stre e t- ba se d Ha ra ssme nt

(bivar iate analysis)

 Mor

e e duc ate d wo me n (a ll fo ur c o untrie s)

 Younge r

wo me n (a ll fo ur c o untrie s)

 Wo me n who e xpe r

ie nc e d physic al abuse in

c hildho o d ho me (a ll fo ur c o untrie s)

 We althie r

wome n (E

g ypt, L e b a no n)

Re fle c tions

• A ge ne r

ation in flux? Yo ung e r wo me n mo re e q uita b le tha n

the ir o lde r pe e rs, yo ung me n no t so …

• Pushing me n fro m the or

y to pr ac tic e in ge nde r e quality

• Wome n’s slowly inc r

e asing par tic ipation in the wor kfor c e

b ring ing re sista nc e b y so me me n, a c c e pta nc e b y o the rs

• Building on the loc al sto rie s a nd pa thwa ys to c ha ng e – ma ny

wo me n a nd me n a lre a dy b e lie ve the o ld mo de ls do n’ t wo rk

• A fe w inte re sting mo de ls fo r pr

e ve ntion: Ha ra ssma p, ABAAD

• Challe nge s of c ar

r ying out polic y advoc ac y b ut so me sma ll

suc c e sse s

• T

ime to move fr

• m de nounc ing to imple me nting pro g ra ms,

c ha ng ing po lic ie s?

T HANK YOU

F

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