Urban Waters in Belo Horizonte 9 th WWW-Yes-Brazil 2009 Nilo Nascimento Belo Horizonte, 26 de outubro de 2009
Outline The water management in Belo Horizonte � � The SWITCH project in Belo Horizonte � Conclusions
Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte Surface : 330 km 2 � Altitude: 750 to 1,300 m � Population: 2.2 million � RMBH: 4.5 million �
A positivist project Organising the space � according to rational (geometrical) principles Controlling natural � processes A built environment over � the natural one Belo Horizonte (1898)
Belo Horizonte (1920) Belo Horizonte (1980)
Population growth � Belo Horizonte: rate (1960-70): 8% p.y. � � rate: 1.1% per year � But, at the RMBH: � Betim: 6.7% p.y. � R. Neves: 6.2% p.y. � RMBH (-BH): � 4.0% p.y.
Drinking water in Belo Horizonte 99.5% connected to the water � supply system Total capacity: 16 m 3 /s � Current demand: 11 m 3 /s � High standards of service provision � Sources relatively well protected �
Sanitation in Belo Horizonte � 91.7% connected to the sewer system � 230 thousand people not connected � Two WWTP (secondary treatment) : � Total capacity: 4.0 m 3 /s � Treated wastewater: 40% vol. � Lack of 50% of interceptor pipelines
Stormwater management in Belo Horizonte (up to the 90’s) � Conventional and simplified approach: � Focus on structural solutions � 200 km of lined channels over 700 km of perennial creeks Legend: lined creeks natural creeks
Urban policies in Brazil from mid-1980’s to current times Emphasis on the decentralisation of public policy � formulation and public services management Different innovative initiatives at the municipal � sphere: � Participatory planning � Participatory budgeting City conferences � � City councils: urban sectors, territorial scale
The institutional framework of participatory processes in Brazil Committee Executive Instruments organism Government + Technical staff Planning Civil society Regulating Charging Policy formulation Developing studies Data base Conflict resolution Setting up actions Policy assessment Using instruments
Participatory process in Belo Horizonte Executive Committees organism Municipal councils Municipal secretaries Urban policy Housing Environment Environmental sanitation Health Culture Education Transport
Water management in Belo Horizonte Environmental sanitation plan Stormwater management plan Environmental Sanitation Conference Environmental Sanitation Environmental sanitation fund Council Concession agreement for drinking water and wastewater Municipal Secretary on Urban Policy Tariff and tax policies
The role of the Environmental Sanitation Council (COMUSA) � Approve and monitor the PMS implementation � Evaluate new policies, new laws, planning updates State guidelines for using the FMS resources � Monitor the application of the FMS resources � Mediate conflicts between stakeholders � Articulate policies with related councils: housing, � health, urban development
The Environmental Sanitation Fund (FMS) � Main contribution source: 4% of the tariff of water supply and sanitation collected in Belo Horizonte � Other sources: Municipal budget � Donations, loans � Resources are invested only on urban water � management � FMS resources: 20 million Euros/year
The Environmental Sanitation and the Stormwater Management Plans � They state actions to be implemented on urban water management in Belo Horizonte � They are elaborated according to participatory principles � Their main purposes include promoting IUWM and providing water services for all � Territorial base: elementary urban catchments
The Environmental Sanitation and the Stormwater Management Plans Based on comprehensive water system diagnosis � Database on existing infrastructure and service provision � Modelling all the water system � Flood risk assessment: flood prone areas mapping � Monitoring programme starting in 2009 � Indicator for prioritising actions: ISA � Updated each 4 years �
Priorities Priorities stated according to: � ISA � Population density Special programmes � � Participatory budgeting Resources available �
The DRENURBS programme Main focus: river restoration � Pollution control � Flood control � Housing: � � Removing people from risky areas � Relocating people in the neighbourhoods Creation of green areas and leisure � facilities
The DRENURBS programme 47 catchments � 178 km 2 � 97 creeks (140 km) � 980,000 inhabitants �
The water management in BH � A comprehensive and well stated institutional process � It takes into account different territorial and institutional scales � The current participatory process contributes to: Social inclusion � Citizen involvement into the urban management � Citizen identification and appropriation of the local � environment, particularly the sustainable management of urban waters
The water management in BH � An IUW planning process already stated � Means for funding planned actions defined through the FMS (but need to be complemented by other sources) A general plan of river restoration involving all the non- � lined (“natural”) creeks in the municipal area � Reduction on water pollution of urban creeks and the Velhas river (downstream the BH area) already obtained
The SWITCH project in Belo Horizonte Managing water for the city of the future Edital 5 Tema 4
Birmingham, UK Hamburg, Germany Lodz, Poland Beijing, China Zaragoza, Spain Tel Aviv, Israel Chong Qing, China Alexandria, Egypt Accra, Ghana Cali Lima Belo Horizonte, Brazil 12 global demo cities (Vairavamoorthy, 2009)
Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte � Source control: Infiltration devices � Storage devices � Rainfall harvesting devices � � Extended detention ponds and constructed wetland s
Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte � Main objectives: � Developing criteria for identifying where and which type of SUDS may be appropriate for use � Establishing procedures for SUDS design, implementation and operation � Assessing water quality and pollution abatement performances � Assessing risks. e.g.: health risk. soil pollution risk
Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte � Main objectives: � Assessing public acceptability � Defining operational and maintenance requirements; � Assessing building and maintenance costs and life cycle costs � Demonstration, training and capacity building
Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte Ilda Carvalho (PBH) � Abelino Gomes da Silva (PBH) � Marco Antônio Moncorvo (PBH) � � Nilo de Oliveira Nascimento (EE) � Marcos von Sperling (EE) � Martin Seidl (ENPC-CEREVE – CNPq) � Cristiane Valério de Oliveira (IGC) Paulo de Castro Vieira (EE – PhD) � André Henrique C.L. da Silva (MSc – PBH) � Luciano Vieira (MSc - PBH) � Fernanda Maria Pelotti (PhD– IGC) � � Jacson Lauffer (apoio técnico – bolsa SWITCH)
Rainwater harvesting Urban agriculture experiment: � Rainwater irrigation: Supplies 50% of water � Overflows are infiltrated � Municipal schools: Rainwater supplies 30% of water � Water used for cleaning, � irrigation and in toilets
Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte: the UFMG experiment Infiltration trench Detention trench
Contributing area Contributing area: 3.600 m 2 Map
Contributing area Contributing area Inlet structure
What is being monitored � Rainfall (Tipping bucket rainfall sensors) � Inflows (Parshall flume and water pressure sensors) � Soil moisture (gypsum blocks) � Water levels at the detention and infiltration trenches (water pressure sensors)
What is being monitored � Water quality: Inflow: ISCO automatic sampler � Outflow (composed samples) � Electric conductivity, pH, T, TSS, turbidity, BOD, COD, metals � � Contaminants in the soil after 3 years of operation (samples collected at different depths before and after the experiment) � Sediment and other materials deposited in the bottom of the inlet structure
Inflow measurement Inflow measurement
Water depth measurement in the structures Infiltration trench Detention trench
Water quality monitoring Automatic sampler: inflow Outflow water sampling
Deposits in the inlet structure
Soil under the infiltration trench: initial chemical state (d = 0.5 to 2.0 m)
Flow attenuation Flow attenuation Infiltration trench Detention trench Peak Peak Attenuation Peak Peak Attenuation Data inflow outflow (%) inflow outflow (%) (l/s) (l/s) (l/s) (l/s) 19.4 12.5 35.6% 1/11/2008 19.4 16.1 17.1% 7/11/2008 6.7 0.0 100% 5.3 4.1 21.5% 100% 13/11/2008 6.9 0.0 5.8 4.8 17.3% 100% 4.6 4.3 6.8% 17/11/2008 5.2 0.0 100% 19/11/2008 11.6 0.0 11.4 5.8 49.6% 100% 28/11/2008 17.5 0.0 18.7 7.7 58.6% 100% 29/11/2008 25.1 0.0 27.0 13.7 49.1% 100% 24.4 10.5 57.2% 22/12/2008 22.5 0.0 100% 26.3 11.3 57.0% 27/12/2008 24.0 0.0 100% 27.3 12.5 54.3% 3/1/2009 25.1 0.0
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