Urban Waters in Belo Horizonte 9 th WWW-Yes-Brazil 2009 Nilo - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Urban Waters in Belo Horizonte

9th WWW-Yes-Brazil 2009

Nilo Nascimento Belo Horizonte, 26 de outubro de 2009

Outline

• The water management in Belo Horizonte
• The SWITCH project in Belo Horizonte
• Conclusions

Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte

• Surface : 330 km2
• Altitude: 750 to 1,300 m
• Population: 2.2 million
• RMBH: 4.5 million

Belo Horizonte (1898)

A positivist project

• Organising the space

according to rational (geometrical) principles

• Controlling natural

processes

• A built environment over

the natural one

Belo Horizonte (1920) Belo Horizonte (1980)

Belo Horizonte:

• rate (1960-70): 8% p.y.
• rate: 1.1% per year

But, at the RMBH:

• Betim: 6.7% p.y.
• R. Neves: 6.2% p.y.

RMBH (-BH):

• 4.0% p.y.

Population growth

Drinking water in Belo Horizonte

• 99.5% connected to the water

supply system

• Total capacity: 16 m3/s
• Current demand: 11 m3/s
• High standards of service provision
• Sources relatively well protected

Sanitation in Belo Horizonte

91.7% connected to the sewer

system

230 thousand people not connected Two WWTP (secondary treatment):

Total capacity: 4.0 m3/s

Treated wastewater: 40% vol. Lack of 50% of interceptor pipelines

Stormwater management in Belo Horizonte

(up to the 90’s)

Conventional and simplified

approach:

Focus on structural solutions 200 km of lined channels

• ver 700 km of perennial

creeks

Legend:

lined creeks natural creeks

Urban policies in Brazil from mid-1980’s to current times

• Emphasis on the decentralisation of public policy

formulation and public services management

• Different innovative initiatives at the municipal

sphere:

• Participatory planning
• Participatory budgeting
• City conferences
• City councils: urban sectors, territorial scale

The institutional framework of participatory processes in Brazil

Committee Instruments Government + Civil society Policy formulation Conflict resolution Policy assessment Technical staff Developing studies Setting up actions Using instruments Planning Regulating Charging Data base Executive

• rganism

Participatory process in Belo Horizonte

Committees Municipal councils

Urban policy Housing Environment Environmental sanitation Health Culture Education Transport

Municipal secretaries Executive

• rganism

Water management in Belo Horizonte

Environmental Sanitation Conference

Environmental sanitation plan Stormwater management plan Environmental sanitation fund Concession agreement for drinking water and wastewater Tariff and tax policies

Environmental Sanitation Council Municipal Secretary on Urban Policy

The role of the Environmental Sanitation Council (COMUSA)

• Approve and monitor the PMS implementation
• Evaluate new policies, new laws, planning updates
• State guidelines for using the FMS resources
• Monitor the application of the FMS resources
• Mediate conflicts between stakeholders
• Articulate policies with related councils: housing,

health, urban development

The Environmental Sanitation Fund (FMS)

• Main contribution source: 4% of the tariff of water

supply and sanitation collected in Belo Horizonte

• Other sources:
• Municipal budget
• Donations, loans
• Resources are invested only on urban water

management

• FMS resources: 20 million Euros/year

The Environmental Sanitation and the Stormwater Management Plans

• They state actions to be implemented on urban

water management in Belo Horizonte

• They are elaborated according to participatory

principles

• Their main purposes include promoting IUWM and

providing water services for all

• Territorial base: elementary urban catchments

The Environmental Sanitation and the Stormwater Management Plans

• Based on comprehensive water system diagnosis
• Database on existing infrastructure and service provision
• Modelling all the water system
• Flood risk assessment: flood prone areas mapping
• Monitoring programme starting in 2009
• Indicator for prioritising actions: ISA
• Updated each 4 years

Priorities

Priorities stated according to:

• ISA
• Population density
• Special programmes
• Participatory budgeting
• Resources available

The DRENURBS programme

• Main focus: river restoration
• Pollution control
• Flood control
• Housing:
• Removing people from risky areas
• Relocating people in the

neighbourhoods

• Creation of green areas and leisure

facilities

The DRENURBS programme

• 47 catchments
• 178 km2
• 97 creeks (140 km)
• 980,000 inhabitants

The water management in BH

A comprehensive and well stated institutional

process

It takes into account different territorial and

institutional scales

The current participatory process contributes to:

• Social inclusion
• Citizen involvement into the urban management
• Citizen identification and appropriation of the local

environment, particularly the sustainable management

• f urban waters

The water management in BH

• An IUW planning process already stated
• Means for funding planned actions defined through the

FMS (but need to be complemented by other sources)

• A general plan of river restoration involving all the non-

lined (“natural”) creeks in the municipal area

• Reduction on water pollution of urban creeks and the

Velhas river (downstream the BH area) already obtained

The SWITCH project in Belo Horizonte

Managing water for the city of the future

Edital 5 Tema 4

Belo Horizonte, Brazil Tel Aviv, Israel Birmingham, UK Hamburg, Germany Lodz, Poland Zaragoza, Spain Accra, Ghana Beijing, China Alexandria, Egypt Chong Qing, China Cali Lima

12 global demo cities (Vairavamoorthy, 2009)

Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte

Source control:

• Infiltration devices
• Storage devices
• Rainfall harvesting devices

Extended detention ponds and constructed

wetlands

Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte

Main objectives:

• Developing criteria for identifying where and which type of SUDS may

be appropriate for use

• Establishing procedures for SUDS design, implementation and operation
• Assessing water quality and pollution abatement performances
• Assessing risks. e.g.: health risk. soil pollution risk

Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte

Main objectives:

• Assessing public acceptability
• Defining operational and maintenance requirements;
• Assessing building and maintenance costs and life cycle costs
• Demonstration, training and capacity building

• Ilda Carvalho (PBH)
• Abelino Gomes da Silva (PBH)
• Marco Antônio Moncorvo (PBH)
• Nilo de Oliveira Nascimento (EE)
• Marcos von Sperling (EE)
• Martin Seidl (ENPC-CEREVE – CNPq)
• Cristiane Valério de Oliveira (IGC)
• Paulo de Castro Vieira (EE – PhD)
• André Henrique C.L. da Silva (MSc – PBH)
• Luciano Vieira (MSc - PBH)
• Fernanda Maria Pelotti (PhD– IGC)
• Jacson Lauffer (apoio técnico – bolsa SWITCH)

Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte

Urban agriculture experiment:

• Rainwater irrigation:
• Supplies 50% of water
• Overflows are infiltrated

Municipal schools:

• Rainwater supplies 30% of water
• Water used for cleaning,

irrigation and in toilets

Rainwater harvesting

Experiments with SUDS in Belo Horizonte: the UFMG experiment

Infiltration trench Detention trench

Contributing area: 3.600 m2

Map Contributing area

Contributing area

Contributing area Inlet structure

What is being monitored

Rainfall (Tipping bucket rainfall sensors) Inflows (Parshall flume and water pressure

sensors)

Soil moisture (gypsum blocks) Water levels at the detention and infiltration

trenches (water pressure sensors)

What is being monitored

• Water quality:
• Inflow: ISCO automatic sampler
• Outflow (composed samples)
• Electric conductivity, pH, T, TSS, turbidity, BOD, COD, metals
• Contaminants in the soil after 3 years of operation

(samples collected at different depths before and after the experiment)

• Sediment and other materials deposited in the bottom of

the inlet structure

Inflow measurement

Inflow measurement

Water depth measurement in the structures

Infiltration trench Detention trench

Water quality monitoring

Automatic sampler: inflow Outflow water sampling

Deposits in the inlet structure

Soil under the infiltration trench: initial chemical state (d = 0.5 to 2.0 m)

Flow attenuation

Flow attenuation Data

Infiltration trench Detention trench

Peak inflow (l/s) Peak

• utflow

(l/s) Attenuation (%) Peak inflow (l/s) Peak

• utflow

(l/s) Attenuation (%) 1/11/2008

19.4 12.5 35.6%

19.4 16.1 17.1% 7/11/2008 6.7 0.0 100% 5.3 4.1 21.5% 13/11/2008 6.9 0.0 100% 5.8 4.8 17.3% 17/11/2008 5.2 0.0 100%

4.6 4.3 6.8%

19/11/2008 11.6 0.0 100% 11.4 5.8 49.6% 28/11/2008 17.5 0.0 100% 18.7 7.7 58.6% 29/11/2008 25.1 0.0 100% 27.0 13.7 49.1% 22/12/2008 22.5 0.0 100%

24.4 10.5 57.2%

27/12/2008 24.0 0.0 100%

26.3 11.3 57.0%

3/1/2009 25.1 0.0 100%

27.3 12.5 54.3%

Pollution abatement at the detention trench (TSS)

Event Rainfall Water quality previous dry weather period Duration volume/ area SS (inflow) SS (ourflow) efficiency (day) (min) (mm) (mg/l) (mg/l) 31/10/2008 12 30 19.8 847 308 64.0% 7/11/2008 1.5 420 18.6 327 256 22.0% 8/12/2008 9.0 90 13.6 881 702 20.0% 22/12/2008 01/02/2009 13/02/2009 3.0 4.0 0.5 30 15 360 4.8 4.2 62.6 771 770 936 529 183 766 31.0% 76.0% 18%

Pollution abatement at the detention trench (metals – 6 events)

IN % of events with pollutant concentration above the norm OUT % of events with pollutant concentration above the norm Pollution abatement performance STD on abatement performance mg/L mg/L (%) (%) Cr 0.034 0% 0.029 0% 59.0% 26.5% Cu 0.087 100% 0.069 100% 43.6% 18.8% Pb 0.047 100% 0.017 0% 88.6% 9.4% Zn 0.394 100% 0.256 33% 52.1% 19.9% Ni 0.017 25% 0.015 0% 57.5% 12.2% Cd < D.L. < D.L. < D.L. < D.L. Mn 0.505 100% 0.304 100% 55.1% 22.7%

First flush effects (Event: 30/03/2009)

Vilarinho detention basin

Vilarinho detention basin

Monitoramento da qualidade da água

Q

Córrego Quaresma - Evento de 24/02/2008

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 tempo {h} Q (m3/s) 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Turb (NTU) Q(m3/s) TURB (NTU)

Córrego Quaresma - Evento de 24/02/2008

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 00:00 10:00 11:00 12:0013:00 14:00 15:00 16:0017:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 tempo (h) Q (m3/s) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 P (mm) P(mm) Q(m3/s)

Wetland Vilarinho

Conclusions

• Results obtained so far concern a short monitoring period:

October 2008 – March 2009 (rainy season)

• Infiltration trench very effective in runoff control
• Detention trench peak flow reduction: 10% to 60%
• Pollution abatement at the detention trench: 20% to 60%

Conclusions

• The experiments carried out in the context of the

SWITCH project in Belo Horizonte are contributing to

• Highlighting characteristics of wet weather diffuse pollution in

the city

• Demonstrate the role of SUDS in runoff control and pollution

abatement

Conclusions

• Progress to be made in data analysis and modeling:
• Assessing performance in respect to design criteria
• Efforts on generalising results : guidelines
• Scaling up perspectives:
• Metropolitan development planning process
• National environmental sanitation planning process
• Training planned to 2010