Update 2009 LASTFIRE Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Update 2009 LASTFIRE Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 27, 2023 686 likes •1.23k views

LASTFIRE Update 2009 LASTFIRE Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires LASTFIRE An industry consortium of international oil companies reviewing risks associated with storage tank fires LASTFIRE Member commitments Two Steering Group members

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LASTFIRE

Update

2009

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LASTFIRE

Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires

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LASTFIRE

An industry consortium of international oil companies reviewing risks associated with storage tank fires

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Member commitments

Two Steering Group members Questionnaire completion Suggest issues for review Advise coordinator on relevant issues / experiences Host meetings Encourage membership

LASTFIRE

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  • New LASTFIRE Website
  • Incident Survey – Questionnaire
  • WM Fuels LASTFIRE Test
  • Vapour Suppression Work
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New LASTFIRE Website www.lastfire.co.uk

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LASTFIRE Incident Survey

  • Atmospheric Tanks
  • OTFR
  • Internal Floating Roof
  • Fixed Roof
  • Pressurised Storage
  • Bullets
  • Spheres

Fires and spills Available to members only!

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Rimseal Fire Spill on Roof Fire Full Surface Fire Bund Fire Pontoon Explosion

FLOATING ROOF TANK FIRE SCENARIOS

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FIX IXED ED ( CON CONE E ) RO ROOF OF TANK NK FIR IRE E SCE CENARIOS ARIOS

Bun und d Fir ire Vent nt Fir ire Fu Full ll Su Surface ace Fir ire Vapo pour ur Sp Space Ex Expl plos

  • sion

ion

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IN INTE TERN RNAL AL ( CO COVERED VERED ) FL FLOATING TING ROOF OF TANK NK FIR IRE E SCE CENARIOS ARIOS

Vent ent Fir ires es

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LASTFIRE BOILOVER STUDY

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  • Time to boilover
  • Effect of water/fuel quantity
  • Fire spread
  • Tank wall temperatures
  • Effect of crude composition
  • Refined products / Biofuels
  • Model validation
  • Foam application vs time

Basic Analysis

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  • Multi boilovers possible
  • Hot zone >2m/hr
  • Spread >10d
  • Tank wall temperature or noise not

definitive guides

Basic Analysis

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  • Cooperate with IFIF – Rotterdam
  • Methods of delaying boilover
  • Methods of preventing boilover
  • Test to be carried out March 2010
  • Additives
  • Surface covering
  • Effect on foam application

Future study

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LASTFIRE

WM Fuels LASTFIRE Foam Test Development

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Objectives

  • To develop the long established LASTFIRE

Foam Test for Storage Tank Fires methodology to suit assessment of foams

  • n polar solvents and water miscible (WM)

fuels

  • To establish test parameters / methodology
  • To establish best application rates
  • To trial test equipment
  • Nozzles
  • Pan / backboard
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Outcome

  • Testing has established:
  • Preburn time – 3 minutes
  • Foam application durations – 7 mins
  • Application rates
  • Vapour seal testing
  • Burnback methodology
  • Equipment usage
  • Nozzle performance

Full specification developed

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LASTFIRE

Vapour Suppression Research

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Initial Objectives

  • Measure vapours above unignited pools
  • Effectiveness of low expansion foam on

vapour suppression (different types e.g. FP/MP)

  • Effect of foam quality
  • Effect of application rate
  • Effect of solution strength
  • Effectiveness over time
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Gasoline LASTFIRE Tank (2.44m diameter)

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Sensors

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Oxygen Cells Test 5

Test 5 (Gasoline) Cells above Foam 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 11.35 11.45 11.55 11.65 11.75 11.85 Time (hour) Air (%)

Ch 0 Av 4.1% Fuel Ch 1 Av 2.8% Fuel Ch 2 Av 1.3% Fuel Ch 3 Av 0.8% Fuel Ch 4 Av 0.4% Fuel

Exposed to air Above fuel surface

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“Handheld” (personal) LEL monitor used with lance / aspirator

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Foam Application (Monitor nozzle)

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Measurements made throughout foam deterioration – up to 3 hours +

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Observations

  • FP based and MP foams appear effective at

reducing vapour concentration above pool and around tank to <20% LEL for periods in excess of normal drainage time of foam solution

  • Wind a big factor in destroying blanket and

possibly vapour suppression once foam solution has drained.

  • Only severe agitation of foam blanket

appears to reduce suppression effectiveness

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Hot Fuel Test – October 09

  • How will foams suppress vapours on hot

fuels?

  • What top-up period?
  • Drainage time vs. vapour suppression
  • Gasoline used
  • 3 minute preburn
  • Foam application until extinguishment only
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Hot Fuel Test – Findings

  • Foam rapidly cooled fuel even after a 3

minute preburn

  • Fuel temperature in the order of 35oC
  • Less than 2% LEL measured for over 2 hours
  • Foam still very effective at reducing vapour

concentration above the pool, as in the cold fuel test

Full findings only available to Lastfire Members

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Measurement of Incident Radiation

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Compilation of Incident Radiation Measurements Tests 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2 4 6 8 10 Distance from Centre of 2.4 m Pan (m) Radiation (kW/m2) 85% Ethanol - 15% Gasoline and 100% Gasoline Ethanol

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Temperatures in Small Tank Test 4

Test 4 (85% Ethanol - 15% Gasoline) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (min) Temp (C)

Temp 0 Temp 1 Temp 2

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Fighting Floating Roof Tank Rimseal Fires

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More Information about LASTFIRE Deliverables from: Resour source ce Pr Protection

  • tection In

Interna ternation tional al

Walk lker er Ho House se, , George e Street, eet, A Aylesb lesbury ury, , Bucks HP HP20 20 2HU HU, , UK UK T: : +4 +44 (0) 1296 96 39931 9311 F: : +4 +44 (0) 1296 96 395669 5669

e-mail: ramsden@resprotint.co.uk website: www.resprotint.co.uk