UNRAVELLING NEMATODE ADAPTATION TO HOST IMMUNITY What makes a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

UNRAVELLING NEMATODE ADAPTATION TO HOST IMMUNITY What makes a parasitic nematode successful ? GUILLAUME SALLÉ 13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story v Masters of adaptation Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology .02 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story v Masters of adaptation v Major issue for human development Number of deworming tablets for school age children requested for 2016. http://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/en/ Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology .03 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story v Masters of adaptation v Major issue for human development • $350 - $ 450M in Australia $6 / head • (Sackett et al 2006; Lane et al. 2015) Number of deworming tablets for school age children requested for 2016. http://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/en/ Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology .04 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way A sheep perspective Anthelmintics ? .05 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way A sheep perspective Anthelmintics ? v Pasture-based approaches ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi .06 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way A sheep perspective Anthelmintics ? v Breeding more resistant individuals v Pasture-based approaches ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi .07 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way A sheep perspective v Vaccine development Anthelmintics ? ü 1 trial in human ü 2 for cattle and sheep v Breeding more resistant individuals v Pasture-based approaches ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi .08 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way A sheep perspective v Vaccine development Anthelmintics ? ü 1 trial in human Any chance for ü 2 for cattle and sheep adaptation of the parasitic populations ? v Breeding more resistant individuals v Pasture-based approaches ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi .09 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

Aim #1: Macro-evolutionary approach Mining the host-parasite interface for evidence of selection pressure Excretory-Secretory products Cuticle T. Colubriformis L3 cuticle Isolated by IgA affinity Decraemer et al. 2003 Teladorsagia circumcincta L3 (Nisbet et al. Int J Para 2014) R.H. Baker, PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012 v Are parasite immune targets under selection pressure ? v Can we detect additional gene candidates featuring the same evolutionary rate ? .010 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

The « evolve and resequence » Aim #2: Evolve & resequence approach 1 Empirical evaluation of selection pressures Immune Immune depressed v Sequence and establish G1 G1 ü if and where selection . . . . pressure has been applied . . . . . . . . ü If transcriptomic changes have been induced G9 G10 1: Turner et al. 2011 .011 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017

Aim #3: Response to vaccine exposure Thank you ! • For your attention • J. Cotton, M. Berriman • The Agreenskills program .012 G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS 13/ 02/ 2017