UNRAVELLING NEMATODE ADAPTATION TO HOST IMMUNITY What makes a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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UNRAVELLING NEMATODE ADAPTATION TO HOST IMMUNITY What makes a parasitic nematode successful ? GUILLAUME SALL 13/ 02/ 2017 Parasitic nematodes: a success story v Masters of adaptation Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology .02

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UNRAVELLING NEMATODE ADAPTATION TO HOST IMMUNITY

What makes a parasitic nematode successful ?

GUILLAUME SALLÉ

13/ 02/ 2017

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story

Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology

v Masters of adaptation

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story

v Major issue for human development

Number of deworming tablets for school age children requested for 2016.

http://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/en/ Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology

v Masters of adaptation

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

Parasitic nematodes: a « success » story

v Major issue for human development

Number of deworming tablets for school age children requested for 2016.

http://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/en/ Blaxter & Koutsovoulos, 2015 Parasitology

v Masters of adaptation

$350 - $ 450M in Australia
$6 / head

(Sackett et al 2006; Lane et al. 2015)

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way

A sheep perspective Anthelmintics ?

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way

A sheep perspective Anthelmintics ? v Pasture-based approaches

ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way

A sheep perspective v Breeding more resistant individuals Anthelmintics ? v Pasture-based approaches

ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way

A sheep perspective v Vaccine development

ü 1 trial in human ü 2 for cattle and sheep

v Breeding more resistant individuals Anthelmintics ? v Pasture-based approaches

ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

A few solutions on the way

A sheep perspective v Vaccine development

ü 1 trial in human ü 2 for cattle and sheep

v Breeding more resistant individuals Anthelmintics ? v Pasture-based approaches

ü Bioactive forages ü Fungi

Any chance for adaptation of the parasitic populations ?

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

Aim #1: Macro-evolutionary approach

v Are parasite immune targets under selection pressure ? v Can we detect additional gene candidates featuring the same evolutionary rate ? Mining the host-parasite interface for evidence of selection pressure

Teladorsagia circumcincta L3

R.H. Baker, PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012

Excretory-Secretory products

T. Colubriformis L3 cuticle

Decraemer et al. 2003

Cuticle Isolated by IgA affinity

(Nisbet et al. Int J Para 2014)

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

The « evolve and resequence »

v Sequence and establish

ü if and where selection pressure has been applied ü If transcriptomic changes have been induced

Aim #2: Evolve & resequence approach1

Empirical evaluation of selection pressures

1: Turner et al. 2011

. . . . . . G1 G10 . . . . . . G1 G9 Immune depressed Immune

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G. SALLÉ / GANAHO: DETERMINANTS OF NEMATODE SUCCESS

13/ 02/ 2017

Aim #3: Response to vaccine exposure

Thank you !

For your attention
J. Cotton, M. Berriman
The Agreenskills program