University of Development Alternative (UODA) Course Title: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

University of Development Alternative (UODA)

Course Title: Management Information System (MIS) Program: MBA Course Teacher:

• Md. Ashek-Al-Aziz

Assistant Professor

• Dept. of CSE

UODA 1

• Management

(Five basic functions of a manager)

• Data and Information
• System

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MIS subsystems –

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• Management Reporting Systems (MRS)
• Decision Support System (DSS)
• Office Information System (OIS)

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Goals of MIS system –

• Operational Efficiency
• Functional Effectiveness
• Quality Customer Service
• Product Creation and Enhancement
• Altering basis of competition
• Identifying and Exploiting business opportunities
• Client lock in
• Competitor lock out

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Challenges of MIS system

• An understanding of people and their behavior
• An intuitive feel for what management will accept
• A current knowledge of technology-based disciplines such as

computers and communications

• An understanding of planning and control matters.
• A solid grounding in accounting (because information systems

are rich in accounting data and terminology)

• A sense of perspective that enables you to see how all of these

things fit together and which are most important

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Components of Computer Based Information System -

• Hardware
• Software
• Data and Information
• Procedure
• People

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Hardware components of Computer Based Information System

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Con- trol Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) Primary & Cache meeory

Secondary Memory

Input devices

Output/Comm- unication devices

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Taxonomy of computer software Classifications of computer software are as follows: (i) System Software

• Operating System
• Programming Language

(ii) Application Software

• Generalized packages
• Customized software/ Point solution software

System Analyst The job of a System Analyst is to aid in the works of other

• professionals. A system analyst should have computer

background with current technological knowledge but provides automation solutions to other professionals like medical practitioners, lawyers, accountants etc .

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Steps of System Analysis or Process of Computerization –

• Preliminary survey / study
• Problem Identification
• Requirement Analysis/ Solution Synthesis
• Feasibility Study
• System Design – (a) Logical Design and (b) Physical Design
• System Development and Testing
• System Implementation and Evaluation

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Ergonomics & its importance The field that studies computer workspaces and their effects on users Is known as Ergonomics. The field attempts to overcome the problems associated with poorly designed computer workspaces that cause unnecessary physical and mental stress or strain. Research in this field has also made it for possible vision –impaired, hearing-impaired, and developmentally disabled individuals to make productive use of Information Technology.

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For example, Ergonomics research has prompted manufacturers of display devices to incorporate improvements such tiltable, flicker-free screens; eye smoothing display colors; and contoured, detachable

• keyboards. Research in this area has resulted in special

input and output interfaces for disabled workers – such as voice or eye movement activated input devices. Besides hardware, ergonomic researchers have focused

• n lighting, acoustics and furniture design. Minimizing

problem is these areas in both humanly desirable and can, in the long run, be productive for the organization.

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Workers’ skills and abilities The skills and abilities are usually described as being relatively stable physical and intellectual characteristics that determine an employee’s capability to perform job

• tasks. Lack of appropriate abilities and skill can limit a

worker’s productivity. For example, if a clerk-typist does not have the manual dexterity to master the fundamentals of typing or keyboard entry, his or her performance is likely to suffer. Job behaviors are affected by the skills and abilities that workers posses.

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Categories of skills and abilities Two categories of skills and abilities are commonly identified

• physical abilities and
• mental abilities.

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• Physical abilities include both physical capabilities (for

example, strength, flexibility and stamina) and psychomotor abilities (such as manual dexterity, eye –hand coordination and reaction time).

• Mental abilities are more concerned with the intellectual

capabilities of workers and are closely linked to how a person makes decisions and processes information. Included in this category are factors such as verbal comprehension, memory processes and mathematical aptitude.

• Both the factors must be considered when designing

information system.

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Intelligence and Sophistication Intelligence refers basically to a person’s ability to reason, whereas sophistication refers largely to factors such as age and experience. Together they make a large contribution to the user’s ability to perform on the job. Information system must be tailored to both the level of intelligence and sophistication. For example, executives and senior professional may be very knowledgeable and effective in jobs they perform for their

• rganization, but still be quite unsophisticated when using

computers.

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User interface Managers and professionals who are new to computers can benefit from user-friendly interfaces. For example, many of the user interfaces for workers who enter transaction processing data are intended for individuals who are relatively unsophisticated when it comes to computers e.g. the point-of- sale (POS) system designed to collect sales data at a fast-food restaurant are typically designed for the lowest capability workers that are expected to use them. The benefits of such easy-of-use systems include quick training for new workers and the organization’s ability to hire semi-skilled or unskilled

• workers. In many instance, this can be a cost-effective business

strategy for organization.

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Human information processing model

Environment Receptor (eye, ear, nose) Effectors (Physical, Spoken, Written) Processor (Brain) Memory Short-term memory (brain) Long-term memory (brain) External memory (notes and reference materials)

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Psychological factors involving in information system design

• Perception
• Bias
• Attitudes
• Risk-Taking Tendencies
• Willingness to change
• Stress
• Culture
• Motivation
• Flexibility
• Information Overload
• Optimism/Pessimism

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Organization chart including common MIS jobs and typical

relationships among them

Vice President of MIS/ Chief Information Officer Telecommunication Data Administration Data Processing Director Manager of System Development Manager of Programming Computer Operations manager Manager of information center Manager of

• ffice

automation System Analyst

System Programmers Application Programmers Computer Operators Data-entry

• perators

System Librarian Consultants Trainers Product managers Technicians

Staff

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MIS personnel in an organization

• Computer Operations Personnel
• Computer Operations Manager
• Computer Operators
• Data-entry Personnel
• System Librarians
• System Analysts
• Programmers
• Information Center Personnel
• Office automation Personnel
• Database Administrators
• Telecommunication & network

managers

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• pen system

Decisions Decision Maker Information Computer Data data feedback

stimuli

DSS

Management Actions

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Basic symbols used to draw Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Source or destination of data Process transforming data Data store Data flow

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Data flow diagram of a payroll system

Validation Check Compute gross Compute net pay Determine deduction Employee Produce check Hours worked Hours worked Gross pay Deductions Check details Payments Pay rates Employee file Names Rates Personnel data Tax Tables Social Security data Payments and deductions Accounting record Disbursement amounts Payments and deductions

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Graphical model of strategic-planning processes in organization

Mission of Organization Organizational Profile External Environment Analysis Strategic Analysis and strategy determination Long term

• bjectives

Annual

• bjectives

Master Plan Operating Plan Policies Strategy Implementation

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Relationships among strategic goals, functional departmental goals and MIS goals

Strategic Planning Process Strategic goals for total

• rganization set by top

level managers Corporate goals are used to set goals in each area MIS sets goals based on corporate and functional area goals Functional areas MIS department

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Organization wide Critical Success Factors (CSF)

• Consistently produce high-quality products
• Maintain inventories to satisfy customer demand
• Continually innovate purchasing, production and distribution

process

• Continually develop successful new products
• Handle special orders and customized products
• Increase employee productivity
• Project a positive image in community, market and industry
• Expand operations and distribution channels in all parts of the

world

• Provide high levels of customer service

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Critical Success Factors (CSF) for MIS

• Provide high quality service and system documentation to all end

users

• Develop bar code and memory button inventory management

systems that enhance the integrity of inventory databases

• Improve scope and ease of use of supplier, work-in-progress and

shipping databases

• Improve information sharing among marketing, production, and

research and development in order to promote product development and enhancement

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• Install integrated expert systems, computer aided design and

robotics that make it economically feasible to manufacture special and custom orders

• Improve user interfaces and user training programs in order to

enhance end-user productivity

• Assist in development of multimedia systems and applications

that project a ‘state-of-the-art’ corporate image

• Develop a cost effective, expandable global information system

that integrates worldwide operations and product distribution channels Improve the marketing information system to better service customers

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Critical Success Factor model for MIS planning

Critical Success Factors developed by Manager A Critical Success Factors developed by Manager B Critical Success Factors developed by Manager N Analyze individual critical success factors and aggregate to develop organization-wide critical success factor Determine critical success factors for MIS Determine MIS planning and systems development priorities Development/Enhancement of information systems to support organization-wide critical success factors

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control chart used in industry in statistical quality control (SQC) and statistical process control (SPC)

9.19 9.18 9.17 9.16 9.15 9.14 9.13 9.12 9.11 9.10 9.09 9.08 9.07

0 5 10 15 20 25 Out of control Lower control limit Upper control limit sample

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Role of information technology in the control process

Inputs Transformation Process Outputs Computerized Vision inspection System Acceptable

• utputs

Rejected

• utputs

Standards/specification database Exception Report Program Managers Data about

• utputs

Product standards/ specifications Actions (decisions) Actions (decisions) Actions (decisions)

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Major issues in Data Management

• Content
• Access
• Organization
• Accuracy
• Integrity
• Security
• Privacy
• Cost

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Advantages and disadvantages of Database Management Advantage Disadvantage Fast response to Information request Multiple Access Lower user training cost/personnel cost Flexibility Reduced data redundancy Data integrity Better data management High Cost:

• Conversion
• More sophisticated

hardware and software may be needed

• Higher operating cost
• Higher personnel cost

Greater complexity Higher vulnerability to failure Recovery may be more difficult

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Types of database models

• Hierarchical model
• Network model
• Relational model

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Accounting Department Professor Jones Professor Lu Marketing Department Professor Rainey Professor Schwartz MIS Department Professor Jamal Professor Fink

Hierarchical model

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Professor Jamal MIS 231 MIS 411 Grader Smith Professor Fink MIS 102 MIS 103 MIS 104 Grader Lymon Professor Wilson MIS 536 MIS 600

Network model

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Course Student number MIS 231 256-11-0012 MIS 411 061-44-783 MIS 102 259-55-5615 MIS 103 256-99-1113 MIS 104 999-99-0169 MIS 536 178-46-1234 MIS 600 258-22-2122 Course_table Course Professor MIS 231 Jamal MIS 411 Jamal MIS 102 Fink MIS 103 Fink MIS 104 Fink MIS 536 Wilson MIS 600 Wilson Professor_table

Structured Query Language (SQL) query to select courses that will be taught by Professor Wilson. SELECT COURSE FROM PROFESSOR_TABLE WHERE PRFESSOR=”Wilson” Relational model

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Structured Query Language (SQL) to make table named Course_table with the attributes ‘Course’ and ‘Student_Number’. ‘Course’ will be a string of characters and ‘Student_Number’ will be integer

CREATE TABLE Course_table ( COURSE VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, STUDENT_NUMBER INTEGER NOT NULL );

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Structured Query Language (SQL) to project Course_table with all attributes

SELECT COURSE, STUDENT_NUMBER FROM COURSE_TABLE;