UNICREDIT SOFT BULLET OBG OBBLIGAZIONI BANCARIE GARANTITE
Investor Presentation
September 2015
UNICREDIT SOFT BULLET OBG OBBLIGAZIONI BANCARIE GARANTITE Investor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
UNICREDIT SOFT BULLET OBG OBBLIGAZIONI BANCARIE GARANTITE Investor Presentation September 2015 AGENDA UNICREDIT: THE GROUP AND COVERED BOND PLATFORM UNICREDIT OBG PROGRAM: STRUCTURE THE ORIGINATOR PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW (as of
September 2015
(1) Source: UniCredit analysis on Sodali - All data based on ordinary shares as at 28 February 2015. (2) As at 26h August 2015. (3) Pro-forma assuming the full absorption of DTA on goodwill tax redemption and tax losses carried forward and Pekao minority excess capital calculated with 12% threshold.
41% 26% 33% Institutional Investors Stable Shareholder Retail Miscellaneous and Unidentified Investors
Focus: Obbligazioni Bancarie Garantite (“OBG”) – Soft Bullet Programme Issued by UniCredit S.p.A, the central issuing entity of the Group Based on an Italian legislative covered bond framework (Ministry of Finance/Banca d’Italia) Guaranteed by a pool of residential mortgage loans originated by UniCredit, one market leader in Italy The Italian real estate market is characterized by low-price volatility, a high portion of first-home financing and low residential mortgage/household indebtedness vs GDP UCG represents the only Italian Covered Bond Program having a rating of Fitch, Moody’s and S&P Expected rating and A (Standard & Poors), Aa2 (Moody’s) and AA (Fitch) Main OBG Cover pool features as of 30 June 2015: 100% Residential Mortgage Loans, Average cLTV 51.13%, average loan amount Eur 86.509, 4,00% delinquent loans and 0.17% cumulative default ratio.
* As of 30 June 2015
% %
Italy (mortgage) 35,79 43,1% 16,01 35,9% Germany 30,94 37,3% 19,39 43,5%
mortgage
24,07 29,0% 14,62 32,8%
public sector
6,87 8,3% 4,76 10,7% Austria 16,21 19,5% 9,19 20,6%
mortgage
9,06 10,9% 5,3 12,0%
public sector
7,15 8,6% 3,8 8,6%
Total 82,9 100% 44,6 100% Group CB assets portfolio Group CB issue outstanding
Ministry of Economy and Finance Decree 310/06 sets out among others: Eligibility criteria of the assets in the cover pool The substitution/integration of assets Over-collateralization levels, contractually agreed by the parties Bank of Italy Supervisory regulations of 17 May 2007: Banks requirements to be an eligible issuer Criteria for the assets evaluation Limits of integration with supplemental eligible assets (15%) Internal and external control (Including asset monitor auditing and banks monitoring)
OBG structure
Assets eligible for the assignment: Residential mortgages with a maximum LTV of 80% Commercial mortgages with a maximum LTV of 60% Loans/securities issued or guaranteed by Public Entities with the following requirements: Located in the EEA or in Switzerland with a maximum risk- weighting of 20% (Revised Standardized Approach - RSA) Located outside the EEA and Switzerland (limit of 10% of the cover pool) with a 0% or 20% risk-weighting (RSA) under the standardized approach ABS with specific requirements At least 95% of the underlying assets represented by eligible receivables; No subordination to any other class of issued notes; 20% risk weighting under the standardized approach, thus minimum AA rating or equivalent Banks requirements: Consolidated regulatory capital of at least EUR 500 mln Total capital ratio of at least 9% Tier 1 ratio of at least 6% Limits of assets assignment to protect unsecured creditors from an excessive spoiling of issuing bank net assets: Bank ratio Limits (% of eligible assets) Total capital ratio >11% Tier I ratio >7% Up to 100% Total capital ratio >10% Tier I ratio >6.5% Up to 60% Total capital ratio >9% Tier I ratio >6% Up to 25% The transfer of assets is based on a primary legislation (Law 130/99 - art. 7 bis) introduced in May 2005. This governs the true sale segregation of assets.
OBG structure
Issue create senior
UniCredit
/ AAA / AAA
Segregated cover pool of eligible assets provide guarantee
OBG structure
* Front and Mirror Portfolio Swaps are in place since inception of the programme to hedge fixed interest rate risk. Front and Mirror OBG Swaps are put in place on each OBG new issue; In case of an Issuer Event of Default, only Front Swaps (Portfolio and OBG) will remain in place to fully hedge interest risk on the Portfolio and the OBG.
Issue create senior
Front and Mirror Portfolio Swaps* Segregated cover pool provide guarantee
Front and Mirror OBG Swaps*
Assignment of the Portfolio Purchase Price Sub Loan proceeds Sub Loan Redemption Asset evaluation monitoring
OBG structure * For additional information on definitions of terms beginning with capital letter please refer to the terms and conditions of the Prospectus ** Grace period: 30 days from the Notice thereof *** Grace Period: 1 month following the delivery by the calculation agent of a negative report as confirmed by the Asset Monitor
OBG structure * For additional information on definitions of terms beginning with capital letter please refer to the terms and conditions of the Prospectus ** Grace period: 30 days from the Notice thereof
** To be performed only post OBG Guarantor event of default.
* For additional information on how the tests are performed please refer to the Prospectus OBG structure
OBG structure
*As of 30/06/2015
Over collateralization level to be fulfilled in the Programme: 7.5% or such other higher percentage as the Issuer on behalf of the OBG Guarantor shall procure to be determined from time to time in accordance with Rating Agencies’ respective
Issuer UniCredit S.p.A. Seller UniCredit S.p.A. Program size EUR 35 bn OBG Guarantor UniCredit BpC Mortgage s.r.l. cover pool/ size 100% Italian residential mortgage loans / EUR 20,8bln + 1,1 bln of substitute assets * Maximum LTV 80% as provided by the OBG Law Maturity Soft bullet with one year extension period Listing/Denomination Luxembourg/ Minimum EUR 100,000 Over-collateralization Test are run monthly to ensure sufficient support Expected ratings A / Aa2/ AA ( S&P/Moody’s/Fitch) Asset monitor Mazars S.p.A. Arranger Corporate and Investment Banking – UniCredit Bank AG (through its London branch) Type of issuance Public Jumbo/Private Placement Governing law Italian Representative of OBG holders Securitisation Services S .p.A. Risk weighting 10% Compliant to EU directive Yes, UCITS and CRD
OBG structure
Name Placed / Retained ISIN Issue Date Maturity Date Nominal Amount Interest Rate Issue Country Serie 1-2009-1 Placed to Market IT0004511959 08/07/09 29/07/16 € 2.000.000.000,00 4,25% Italy Serie 1-2009-2 Placed to Market IT0004511959 20/07/09 29/07/16 € 500.000.000,00 4,25% Italy Serie 2-2009-1 Placed to Market IT0004547409 05/11/09 31/01/22 € 1.000.000.000,00 4,38% Italy Serie 1-2010-1 Placed to Market IT0004638737 09/09/10 31/10/15 € 1.250.000.000,00 2,63% Italy Serie 2-2010-1 Placed to Market IT0004648603 13/10/10 31/10/17 € 1.000.000.000,00 3,38% Italy Serie 1-2011-1 Placed to Market IT0004689433 10/02/11 30/04/23 € 1.250.000.000,00 5,25% Italy Serie 2-2011-1 Placed to Market IT0004734429 16/06/11 31/07/18 € 1.000.000.000,00 4,25% Italy Serie 3-2011-1 Placed to Market IT0004760341 01/09/11 31/10/21 € 1.000.000.000,00 5,00% Italy Serie 1-2012 Placed to Market IT0004846793 23/08/12 31/01/18 € 1.000.000.000,00 4,00% Italy Serie 1-2013 Placed to Market IT0004887078 16/01/13 31/01/20 € 1.000.000.000,00 2,75% Italy Serie 2-2013 Placed to Market IT0004932619 13/06/13 31/01/19 € 1.000.000.000,00 1,88% Italy Serie 3-2013 Placed to Market IT0004957137 03/09/13 31/10/20 € 1.000.000.000,00 2,63% Italy Serie 4-2013 Placed to Market IT0004978125 04/12/13 31/07/24 € 100.000.000,00 3,15% Italy Serie 1-2014 Placed to Market IT0004988538 24/01/14 31/01/17 € 600.000.000,00 Eur3m+0,55% Italy Serie 2-2014 Placed to Market IT0004988553 24/01/14 31/01/24 € 1.000.000.000,00 3,00% Italy Serie 3-2014 Placed to Market IT0005026023 06/06/14 31/07/26 € 75.000.000,00 1,65% Italy Private Placements Placed to Market
231.000.000,00
OBG structure
* As of 1 September 2014 Source: UniCredit Research
Italy 50.9 Germany 15.6 CEE 10.8 Austria 11.0 Poland 9.4
Unencumbere d Assets in UniCredit S.p.A. balansheet € 9.9 bln Asset used for Market OBG Programme € 20.8 bln CPT OBG Program € 15.1 bln
Total Group: € 98 bln Overall Residential Mortgage Volume – UniCredit Group Estimate of OBG Issue Volume
Total Italy: € 50.9 bln
The originator
Asset used in securitizations € 5.1 bln
application form.
evidence (register information, evidence of income, etc.).
involved in the process and validation of the information.
and delivery to UniCredit Spa .
that the information provided is in line with the credit policies/requirements*.
completes the data input in its IT system (EMP).
credit scoring process.
preliminary assessment
the mortgage and the appraisal along with the Property Valuation and the Preliminary Certified Report (Relazione Notarile Preliminare – “RNP”).
* In the Banking Business the control of the documents is after evaluation of borrower’s creditworthiness.
Underwriting Process
Underwriting Process
Electronic Procedure Front End Client Application
Preliminary information about the borrower/ guarantor uploaded into the IT system
Accepted Client (Cliente Desiderato) Rejected Client (Cliente Non Desiderato) Credit Bureaux WHITE RATING (Rating Bianco) BLACK RATING (Rating Nero) Score <= Cut Off Score > Cut Off No Policy Rules Policy Rules Credit Rejected Positive Outcome (Esito Proponibile) Negative Outcome (Esito Nero) Higher Decision Making Bodies
Power Outcome (Esito Facoltá Strutture Crediti.)
Higher Decision Making Bodies Policy Rules Credit Approval (By the relevant deliberating entity) Commercial Network
Delegated Decision Making Bodies within The Network*(Facoltà
strutture Network) Within the limits of their decision-making power.
mortgage.
sent to UBIS / UniCredit Spa for further activities.
the documentation received.
performs the census inside its IT systems.
prepares the documentation for the signing and sends it to the Notary Public.
the executed copies of the loan agreement.
information required by the system.
necessary, the Direct Debit in the interbank system.
Underwriting Process
Department, trough GEMO IT system, identifies delinquent customer.
pay the instalment in arrears, contacting him regularly by phone (and tracking this activity).
for the delay and ascertains the intentions of the client.
DtD Collection Unit.
an asset management approach ADV Collection contacts the customers in order to identify a recovery solution
by external agencies with two Door to Door collection trial (The second trial is available
trial).
mandates usually last 45 days (extendible to 60).
external agencies can directly collect the amounts due.
Default Classification Unit evaluates and classifies as “doubtful” the customer.
automatically (UniCredit IT System interfaces with EPC, UCMB’s IT system).
has a full mandate to represent UniCredit.
will try to recover the amount without legal recourse.
will propose to UniCredit to classify the position as defaulted (“sofferenza”).
with the complete/partial recovery of the overdue amount.
From the Instalment Due Date (Approx) Involved Entities Main Activities
(1) Cu.Re. (Customer Recovery): UniCredit department in charge of the centralised management of arrears, divided into Soft collection Unit and Adv & DtD Collection Unit. (2) UCCMB (UniCredit Credit Management Bank S.p.A.): company 97.81% owned by UniCredit, which centralises the recovery activity of non-performing loans for the UniCredit.
Collection Process
Portfolio Overview
* excluding defaulted loans
Data as of 30th June 2015
Summary 30/06/2015 Originator Unicredit S.p.A. Pool type Dynamic Substitute assets 1,1 bn Total outstanding cover pool 20,8 bn Total number of loans 240.510 Average loan amount 86.509 Weighted average cLTV (current LTV) 51,13% Weighted average seasoning (months) 82,55 Weighted average time to maturity (months) 209,59 Fixed rate loans 24,28% Floating rate loans 65,33% Optional rate loans 7,27% Mixed rate loans 3,12% Weighted Average Spread 1,62% Weighted Average Fixed Rate 5,03%
Portfolio Overview
Note: property value defined as latest full property valuation
Portfolio Overview
Note: list of regions included in the three marco geographical zones
19,98% 11,65% 13,50% 11,32% 9,47% 34,10% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% Lombardia Piemonte Lazio Veneto Emilia Romagna Other
Breakdown by region as % of outstanding amount
South; 18% Centre; 24% North; 58%
Portfolio Overview
9,87% 33,98% 32,92% 12,21% 6,61% 4,40% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
0 - 50000 50000 - 100000 100000 - 150000 150000 - 200000 200000 - 300000 300000 - over
Breakdown by outstanding amount (all loans) as % of outstanding amount
Portfolio Overview
0,00% 2,48% 9,34% 24,83% 24,38% 38,96% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
0 - 12 12 - 24 24 - 48 48 - 72 72 - 96 96 - over
Breakdown by seasoning (months) as % of outstanding amount
12,43% 13,66% 30,25% 27,56% 13,70% 2,10% 0,28% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
0 - 120 120 - 160 160 - 240 240 - 280 280 - 320 320 - 360 360 - over
Breakdown by remaining (months) as % of outstanding amount
Portfolio Overview
Monthly; 98,36% Bi-Monthly; 0,01% Quarterly; 1,09% Semi-Annual; 0,54%
Payment Frequency as % of outstanding amount
Cash; 3,63% Direct Debit; 85,55% Standing Order (RID); 10,82%
Payment Type as % of outstanding amount
Floating; 65,33% Fixed; 24,28% Opzionale; 7,27% Modulare; 3,12%
Interest type as % of outstanding amount
Portfolio Overview
10,28% 8,57% 13,50% 47,96% 19,59% 0,09% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
0% - 3% 3% - 4% 4% - 5% 5%- 6% 6% - 7%
Breakdown by Fixed Interest as % of outstanding amount
11,97% 20,78% 16,34% 23,98% 9,76% 17,17% 0% 10% 20% 30%
0% - 1% 1% - 1,25% 1,25% -1,5% 1,5%- 1,75% 1,75% - 2%
Breakdown by Floating rate margin as % of outstanding amount
Source: vdp, ECBC, UniCredit Global Research
Annex
Asset are transfered to a consolidated subsidiary Asset stay directly with the issuer
Source: vdp, ECBC, UniCredit Global Research
No Yes CAN USA Total capital Tier 1 ratio Assignment limit Range A ≥11% ≥7% no limitation Range B ≥10% ≥6.5% 60% of eligible assets Range C ≥9% ≥6% 25% of eligible assets Annex
Source: vdp, ECBC, UniCredit Global Research
Nominal coverage Net present value and nominal value coverage Not compulsory/implicit regulations CAN USA Annex
Annex
Yes No No No Nominal coverage, NPV coverage Yes; Finansinspektionen Regular monitoring of property values Market value 60% 75% EEA OECD Commercial mortgages are capped at 10% of the total pool Up to 20% Yes Common register for mortgage and public collateral. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt Not applicable No Law of 1 July 2004 Säkerställda Obligationer Sweden Yes No 25% (CH)/43% (CT) No Nominal Coverage Yes; Banco de Espana The examination of property valuations is part of the specific surveillance Mortgage lending value 60% 80% EU EEA No Up to 5% of the amount of outstanding bonds Yes Separate register for mortgage and public collateral. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt Not applicable No Law of 25 March 1981 (CH) and Law
with Laws 16/1992, 7/1998, 2 and 3/1994, 44/2002, 36/2003 and 41/2007 Cédulas Hipotecarias (CH), Cédulas Territoriales (CT) Spain Yes Depending on Reg. Capital limit No No Nominal coverage, NPV coverage, cash-flow matching for bonds and assets ≤ 18 months Yes; Banca d'Italia Annually Market value but very conservative 60% 80% EEA and Switzerland EEA and Switzerland Non-EU sovereigns or sub-sovereigns
Up to 15% Yes Cover assets remain on the balance sheet but are pledged to a separate entity. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt, Securitization Notes Not applicable No Legge 130 Art. 7 bis and 7 ter Obbligazioni Garantite Italy Yes Yes Fulfills UCITS 22(4)/CRD No No Issuance Limit 2% NPV 2% Mandatory overcollateralization No No Obligation to replace non-performing loans Nominal coverage, NPV coverage, 180d liq. buffer Not compulsory; implicit regulations; 180d liq. buffer Protection against mismatching Yes; Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) Yes; Commission Bancaire Special supervision Regular (at least every 2 years) examination of the cover register Annually Valuation check Mortgage lending value Mortgage lending value Basis for valuation 60% 60% LTV barrier commercial 60% 80%; 100% if the loan benefit from the guarantee of the Guarantee Fund for Social Home Ownership (FGAS) LTV barrier residential EEA, Switzerland, USA, Canada and Japan EEA and AAA rated countries Geographical scope for mortgage assets EEA, Switzerland, USA, Canada and Japan EEA, Switzerland, US, Canada and Japan, Australia and New Zealand Geographical scope for public assets No Yes; OFs can only comprise max. 35% of guaranteed loans Restrictions on inclusion of asset classes
20% Substitute collateral Yes, 12% of the pool's NPV Yes Inclusion of Hedge Positions Separate register for mortgage, public, ship and aircraft collateral. Common register for mortgage and public collateral in case of SCFs. SFH cannot refinance public sector debt Asset allocation Mortgage loans, public sector debt, ship loans, aircraft loans Mortgage loans, guaranteed housing loans; public sector loans, senior MBS tranches Potential Collateral Not applicable Yes Restrictions on business activities No Yes; SCFs and SFHs Special Banking Principle Laws of 18.7.2005 (Pfandbrief Act) amended in May 2009 Article L. 515 and seq. of the French Monetary and Financial code Legislation Hypothekenpfandbriefe, Öffentliche Pfandbriefe, Schiffspfandbriefe, Flugzeugpfandbriefe Obligations Foncières (OF) Obligations de Financement de l'Habitat (OH) Name of Debt Instrument(s) Germany France (OF and OH) Yes No No No Nominal coverage, NPV coverage Yes; Finansinspektionen Regular monitoring of property values Market value 60% 75% EEA OECD Commercial mortgages are capped at 10% of the total pool Up to 20% Yes Common register for mortgage and public collateral. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt Not applicable No Law of 1 July 2004 Säkerställda Obligationer Sweden Yes No 25% (CH)/43% (CT) No Nominal Coverage Yes; Banco de Espana The examination of property valuations is part of the specific surveillance Mortgage lending value 60% 80% EU EEA No Up to 5% of the amount of outstanding bonds Yes Separate register for mortgage and public collateral. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt Not applicable No Law of 25 March 1981 (CH) and Law
with Laws 16/1992, 7/1998, 2 and 3/1994, 44/2002, 36/2003 and 41/2007 Cédulas Hipotecarias (CH), Cédulas Territoriales (CT) Spain Yes Depending on Reg. Capital limit No No Nominal coverage, NPV coverage, cash-flow matching for bonds and assets ≤ 18 months Yes; Banca d'Italia Annually Market value but very conservative 60% 80% EEA and Switzerland EEA and Switzerland Non-EU sovereigns or sub-sovereigns
Up to 15% Yes Cover assets remain on the balance sheet but are pledged to a separate entity. Residential Mortgages, Commercial Mortgages, Public Sector Debt, Securitization Notes Not applicable No Legge 130 Art. 7 bis and 7 ter Obbligazioni Garantite Italy Yes Yes Fulfills UCITS 22(4)/CRD No No Issuance Limit 2% NPV 2% Mandatory overcollateralization No No Obligation to replace non-performing loans Nominal coverage, NPV coverage, 180d liq. buffer Not compulsory; implicit regulations; 180d liq. buffer Protection against mismatching Yes; Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) Yes; Commission Bancaire Special supervision Regular (at least every 2 years) examination of the cover register Annually Valuation check Mortgage lending value Mortgage lending value Basis for valuation 60% 60% LTV barrier commercial 60% 80%; 100% if the loan benefit from the guarantee of the Guarantee Fund for Social Home Ownership (FGAS) LTV barrier residential EEA, Switzerland, USA, Canada and Japan EEA and AAA rated countries Geographical scope for mortgage assets EEA, Switzerland, USA, Canada and Japan EEA, Switzerland, US, Canada and Japan, Australia and New Zealand Geographical scope for public assets No Yes; OFs can only comprise max. 35% of guaranteed loans Restrictions on inclusion of asset classes
20% Substitute collateral Yes, 12% of the pool's NPV Yes Inclusion of Hedge Positions Separate register for mortgage, public, ship and aircraft collateral. Common register for mortgage and public collateral in case of SCFs. SFH cannot refinance public sector debt Asset allocation Mortgage loans, public sector debt, ship loans, aircraft loans Mortgage loans, guaranteed housing loans; public sector loans, senior MBS tranches Potential Collateral Not applicable Yes Restrictions on business activities No Yes; SCFs and SFHs Special Banking Principle Laws of 18.7.2005 (Pfandbrief Act) amended in May 2009 Article L. 515 and seq. of the French Monetary and Financial code Legislation Hypothekenpfandbriefe, Öffentliche Pfandbriefe, Schiffspfandbriefe, Flugzeugpfandbriefe Obligations Foncières (OF) Obligations de Financement de l'Habitat (OH) Name of Debt Instrument(s) Germany France (OF and OH)
CFO Department Head of Group Strategic Funding and Portfolio Waleed Banjat El – Amir
WaleedBanjat.El-Amir@unicredit.eu Head of Term Funding Nicola Gerundino
nicola.gerundino@unicredit.eu ABS & Covered Bonds Head of ABS & Covered Bonds Luciano Chiarelli
luciano.chiarelli@unicredit.eu Giorgio Frazzitta
giorgio.frazzitta@unicredit.eu
Investor Relations Mara Milani
mara.milani@unicredit.eu Angelo Di Cresce
Angelo.DiCresce@unicredit.eu Arianna Raineri
Arianna.Raineri@unicredit.eu
Structuring & Solutions Group Securitised Products - Head of Italy and Southern Europe Paolo Montresor
paolo.montresor@unicredit.eu Andrea Modolo
Andrea.Modolo@unicredit.eu Davide Fiore
Davide.Fiore2@unicredit.eu Debt Capital Markets Global Co-Head of DCM Marco Bales
marco.bales@unicredit.de Global Co-Head of DCM Global Head of Syndication Christian Reusch
christian.reusch@unicredit.de Head of High Grade Syndicate Rüdiger Jungkunz
ruediger.jungkunz@unicredit.de Head of DCM Italy Luca Falco
luca.falco@unicredit.de UniCredit SpA Group Strategic Funding & Portfolio Piazza Gae Aulenti 20154 Milano Italy
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any other US federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations. Investments in securities discussed herein may be unsuitable for investors, depending on their specific investment objectives, risk tolerance and financial position. In jurisdictions where HVB is not registered or licensed to trade in securities, commodities or other financial products, any transaction may be effected only in accordance with applicable laws and legislation, which may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may require that a transaction be made in accordance with applicable exemptions from registration or licensing requirements. All information contained herein is based on carefully selected sources believed to be reliable, but HVB makes no representations as to its accuracy or completeness. Any opinions contained herein reflect HVB's judgement as of the original date of publication, without regard to the date on which you may receive such information, and are subject to change without notice. HVB may have issued other reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information presented in any report provided herein. Those reports reflect the different assumptions, views and analytical methods of the analysts who prepared them. Past performance should not be taken as an indication or guarantee of further performance, and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made regarding future performance. HVB and/or any other entity of UniCredit Corporate & Investment Banking may from time to time, with respect to any securities discussed herein: (i) take a long or short position and buy or sell such securities; (ii) act as investment and/or commercial bankers for issuers of such securities; (iii) be represented on the board of such issuers; (iv) engage in "market-making" of such securities; and (v) act as a paid consultant or adviser to any issuer. The information contained in any report provided herein may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of US federal securities laws that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause a company's actual results and financial condition to differ from its expectations include, without limitation: Political uncertainty, changes in economic conditions that adversely affect the level of demand for the company‘s products or services, changes in foreign exchange markets, changes in international and domestic financial markets, competitive environments and other factors relating to the foregoing. All forward-looking statements contained in this report are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Note to Italian Residents This document and the information provided herein or contained in any report provided herein are for distribution in Italy only to "qualified investors" (investitori qualificati), as this term is defined pursuant to Article 100, paragraph 1(a), of Legislative Decree no. 58 of 24 February 1998, as amended and restated from time to time (the Financial Services Act), and Article 34-ter, paragraph 1(b) of CONSOB Regulation no. 11971 of 14 May 1999, as amended and restated from time to time (the CONSOB Regulation), or in any other circumstance provided for by Article 100 of the Financial Services Act and Article 34-ter, CONSOB Regulation.