[PPT] - Understanding the Share of IPv6 Traffic in a Dual-Stack ISP Enric PowerPoint Presentation

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Understanding the Share of IPv6 Traffic in a Dual-Stack ISP

Enric Pujol, Philipp Richter, and Anja Feldmann PAM 2017, Sydney, Australia

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IPv6 adoption metrics

User end hosts Server-side measurements

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e.g., Google reports 20% of the hosts have IPv6

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IPv6 adoption metrics

User end hosts Networks Server-side measurements Allocations (IANA) Routing (BGP) ...

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e.g., Google reports 20% of the hosts have IPv6 e.g., 23% of the Autonomous Systems announce IPv6

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IPv6 adoption metrics

Services / Content Client-side measurements

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e.g., 13% of the Alexa top 1M Web sites have set IPv6 User end hosts Networks Server-side measurements Allocations (IANA) Routing (BGP) ... e.g., Google reports 20% of the hosts have IPv6 e.g., 23% of the Autonomous Systems announce IPv6

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IPv6 adoption metrics

Services / Content Client-side measurements

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13% of the Alexa top 1M Web sites have set IPv6 User end hosts Networks Server-side measurements Allocations (IANA) Routing (BGP) ... e.g., Google reports 20% of the hosts support IPv6 e.g., 23% of the Autonomous Systems announce IPv6 Many different “connectivity” metrics. What about traffic?

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IPv6 traffic statistics

Vantage point % of IPv6 traffic Year 260 networks < 1 % 2013 Dual-stack ISP 11 % 2016 AMS-IX (IXP) 1-3 % 2017

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IPv6 traffic statistics

Vantage point % of IPv6 traffic Year 260 networks < 1 % 2013 Dual-stack ISP 11 % 2016 AMS-IX (IXP) 1-3 % 2017 What is the interplay between connectivity and traffic?

A dual-stack ISP is ideal to study barriers for IPv6 traffic

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(i) OS (ii) applications

Home network

Dual-stack ISP: when is IPv6 connectivity used?

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Devices need to support IPv6 e.g., old OSes, some IoT don’t

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(i) OS (ii) applications

Home network

Dual-stack ISP: when is IPv6 connectivity used?

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(iii) CPE

IPv6 needs to be enabled at many CPEs

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(iii) CPE (i) OS (ii) applications

Home network Dual-stack ISP

IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic (iv) ISP connectivity

Dual-stack ISP: when is IPv6 connectivity used?

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ISP has to provide IPv6 connectivity to all subscribers

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(iii) CPE (i) OS (ii) applications

Home network Dual-stack ISP Service providers

IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic (iv) ISP connectivity (v) service availability

Dual-stack ISP: when is IPv6 connectivity used?

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Internet

IPv6 upstream and DNS RRs correctly set

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(iii) CPE (i) OS (ii) applications

Home network Dual-stack ISP Service providers

IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic (iv) ISP connectivity (v) service availability

Internet

Dual-stack ISP: when is IPv6 connectivity used?

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First we need to understand this “chain” of connectivity

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Inferring connectivity

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User devices DNS requests (A & AAAA)

IPv6-speaking vs. IPv4-only devices

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CPEs / ISP Local AAAA DNS reqs Global RADIUS (ISP)

Inferring connectivity

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User devices DNS requests (A & AAAA)

Obtain an IPv6 prefix and make use of it

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CPEs / ISP

Inferring connectivity

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Services DNS responses (AAAA) active measurements (connectivity) User devices DNS requests (A & AAAA)

A service is a Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

Local AAAA DNS reqs Global RADIUS (ISP)

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CPEs / ISP Local AAAA DNS reqs Global RADIUS (ISP)

Inferring connectivity

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Services DNS responses (AAAA) active measurements (connectivity) User devices DNS requests (A & AAAA) That is connectivity, what about traffic?

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Inferring connectivity

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Annotate network flows: <DSLID,FQDN, #bytes>

DSLID has IPv6? A request? A RR? AAAA request? AAAA RR?

We can now reason about traffic!

CPEs / ISP Local AAAA DNS reqs Global RADIUS (ISP) Services DNS responses (AAAA) active measurements (connectivity) User devices DNS requests (A & AAAA) That is connectivity, what about traffic?

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From connectivity to traffic: example

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Name server A www.google.com 172.217.25.164 AAAA www.google.com 2404:6800:4006:809::2004 172.217.25.164

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Flow: <DSLXY,www.google.com,100KB>

DSLID has IPv6 A request A RR present AAAA request AAAA RR present

IPv6-speaking device uses IPv4 to connect to Google

(1) (2)

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Trace Total # bytes 64.5TB # flows 356.2M

Dual-stack ISP with 12.9K subscribers, 45 h trace (winter 15/16)

First question: do all subscribers get and use IPv6?

Dataset

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DSL subscribers

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Question: Do all subscribers get IPv6? IPv4-only (17%) IPv6 connectivity ❌ IPv6 traffic ❌ We see AAAA

1) Operator’s policy: new contracts get IPv6 2) DNS requests are not always indicative

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DSL subscribers

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Question: Do all subscribers get IPv6? IPv4-only (17%) IPv6 connectivity ❌ IPv6 traffic ❌ We see AAAA IPv6-inactive (30%) IPv6 connectivity ✔ IPv6 traffic ❌ Almost no AAAA

CPE does not support/provide IPv6 → default conf.?

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DSL subscribers

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Question: Do all subscribers get IPv6? IPv4-only (17%) IPv6 connectivity ❌ IPv6 traffic ❌ We see AAAA IPv6-inactive (30%) IPv6 connectivity ✔ IPv6 traffic ❌ Almost no AAAA IPv6-active (53%) IPv6 connectivity ✔ IPv6 traffic ✔ IPv6 share is 21%

Let’s study their interaction with services...

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Questions

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What is the interplay between connectivity and traffic? When will we see more IPv6 traffic in these networks? IPv6 barriers: services offered on IPv6 but clients accessed on IPv4 IPv6 intent: services offered on IPv4 but clients requested IPv6

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27% of the overall traffic relates to IPv6-ready services

IPv6 barriers

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IPv6 barriers

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yet only ~⅓ of that is carried over IPv6!

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IPv6 barriers

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Why does IPv4 dominate?

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70% due to CPE configuration & ISP policy!

IPv6 barriers

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IPv4-only speaking devices & happy-eyeballs fallbacks

IPv6 barriers

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IPv6-active

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Questions

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What is the interplay between connectivity and traffic? When will we see more IPv6 traffic in these networks? IPv6 barriers: services offered on IPv6 but clients accessed on IPv4 IPv6 intent: services offered on IPv4 but clients requested IPv6

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IPv6 intent

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What is the breakdown by DSL-subscriber type?

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IPv6 intent

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What if these services would be made available for IPv6?

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IPv6 intent

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IPv4-only speaking devices? (*)

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IPv6 intent

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Most traffic could be exchanged over IPv6!

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Questions

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What is the interplay between connectivity and traffic? When will we see more IPv6 traffic in these networks? Happy eyeballs What-if scenarios IPv6 barriers: services offered on IPv6 but clients accessed on IPv4 IPv6 intent: services offered on IPv4 but clients requested IPv6

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Happy eyeballs (RFC 6555): fallback to IPv4

www.example.com AAAA? www.example.com A? 192.0.2.1 2001:db8::1 TCP SYN, IPv6 TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4 TCP ACK, IPv4 TCP SYN, IPv4 TCP RST, IPv6

Client Name server 192.0.2.1 2001:db8::1

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Collect TCP handshakes completion times and DNS lookups per FQDN

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80% of the times ± 10ms → will use IPv6

Metrics for happy eyeballs (TCP vs DNS resolution)

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Transition to IPv6: What if...

Optimistic: IPv4-only devices, happy eyeballs, etc.

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Summary

Not every subscriber uses IPv6 connectivity at a dual-stack ISP 1) 17 % of the IPv4 traffic to IPv6-ready services is a result of the ISP policy 2) 53 % of the IPv4 traffic to IPv6-ready services is due to CPEs Devices want IPv6 but many services do not operate on IPv6 yet 1) At least 62% of the traffic to IPv4-only services from IPv6-active DSLs We may see substantial and fast changes in dual-stack networks!

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Thank you! Questions?

(iii) CPE (i) OS (ii) applications

Home network Dual-stack ISP Service providers

IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic (iv) ISP connectivity (v) service availability

Internet

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