Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 11, 2023 6 likes •320 views

Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety Arlene Blum, PhD and Tom Bruton, PhD Green Science Policy Institute 11/30/18 More info: www.GreenSciencePolicy.org Class 1: Highly Fluorinated Chemicals PFOA or C8 (C8)

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Understanding PFAS: For Healthy Drinking Water and Fire Safety

Arlene Blum, PhD and Tom Bruton, PhD Green Science Policy Institute 11/30/18 More info: www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Class 1:

Highly Fluorinated Chemicals

Carbon-Fluorine bond strength:

  • Leads to oil and water repellency
  • “Forever chemicals” -- last for geologic time!

Courtesy: Dr. Jennifer Field

(C8)

PFOA or C8

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Common Uses

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Pathways to the Environment

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From California DTSC: Product-Chemical Profile for PFAS in Carpets and Rugs

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PFASs exposure is a health concern

5 Detectable serum PFASs Non-detect

Exposure linked to health risks: Cancer, elevated cholesterol, obesity, immune suppression, and endocrine disruption

(Ref: Lewis et al., 2015; Grandjean et al., 2012;

Braun et al., 2016; Barry et al., 2013)

Courtesy, Cindy Hu, Harvard University

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EPA Lifetime Health Advisory Level of 70 ng/L PFOA + PFOS

Hu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2016

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Drinking Water Health Guidelines

DuPont PFOA: 5000 DuPont PFOA: 1000 U.S. EPA PFOA: 400 PFOS: 200 New Jersey PFOA: 14 U.S. EPA PFOA & PFOS: 70 ATSDR* PFOA: 11 PFOS: 7 7 *Estimated from Minimum Risk Levels

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Water Treatment Costs: North Carolina

Chemours Cape Fear Public Utility Authority activated carbon filtration plant:

  • $46M to build
  • $2.7M to operate each year

Brunswick County: reverse osmosis filtration for 25,000 customers:

  • $99M to build
  • $2.9M to operate

Wilmington Star News, May 9th and 10th, 2018

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Updates

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  • Includes measure that directing

FAA to allow airports to use PFAS-free Class B firefighting foams (within 3 years)

  • Senate passed 93-6, Oct. 3
  • President signed, Oct. 5
  • Response from FAA?

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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FAA Reauthorization:

Congress tells FAA to allow fluorine-free foams

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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF

https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/fs

  • /hearings/the-local-state-and-federal-response-

to-the-pfas-crisis-in-michigan

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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF
  • Upcoming national multi-

site health study

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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF
  • National standards and

increased federal coordination, e.g. btwn EPA & ATSDR, FAA & DoD

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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF
  • “From the water we can’t

drink to the fish we can’t keep and the game we can’t eat, PFAS must be addressed thoroughly and quickly for Michigan families.”

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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF
  • “There needs to be overall

testing and monitoring of

  • ur drinking water sources,

both private wells and public water systems. We applaud MPART and the state of Michigan for starting this process, but this needs to

  • ccur nationally as well.”
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“Local, State and Federal Response to PFAS Contamination in MI”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Senate HS&GA Subcommittee Field Hearing,11/13/18

Witnesses:

  • Patrick Bryesse, ATSDR
  • Robert Delaney, MDEQ
  • Carol Isaacs, MPART
  • Adam London, Kent County
  • Richard Rediske, GVSU
  • Sandy Wynn-Stelt
  • Drew YoungDyke, NWF
  • “We need to know exactly

what health impacts chemicals are causing in the nation.”

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“Overall, the available oral toxicity studies show that the liver is sensitive to GenX chemicals, and the kidney and thyroid are sensitive to PFBS.”

EPA Releases Draft Toxicity Assessments of Short-chain PFAS

PFBS GenX

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  • Replacement for PFOA
  • Used to make non-stick coatings
  • Replacement for PFOS
  • Found in consumer products
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  • Chronic reference dose (RfD): “an estimate of the amount
  • f a chemical a person can ingest daily over a

lifetime…that is unlikely to lead to adverse health effects.”

EPA Releases Draft Toxicity Assessments of Short-chain PFAS

PFBS GenX

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Norway proposing regulation of PFBS

  • Not PBT, but PMT
  • Norway proposing PFBS be declared a Substance of Very

High Concern under REACH

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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http://www.xn--miljdirektoratet-oxb.no/Documents/publikasjoner/M1122/M1122.pdf https://www.echa.europa.eu/en/web/guest/registry-of-svhc-intentions/- /dislist/details/0b0236e182bbccf8

PFBS

  • "PFBS is…amongst the most stable

and persistent organic molecules

  • possible. No studies have observed

degradation of PFBS … under environmental conditions…."

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  • New lobbying group – Responsible Science Policy Coalition
  • Casting doubt on science
  • Donations to state attorneys general

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/23/political-chemicals-cleanup-3m-1012445

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EPA Local Government Advisory Committee PFAS Report – 11/19/18

  • LGAC – Provides recommendations to assist EPA in ensuring

that its regulations, policies, guidance and technical assistance improve the capacity of local governments Highlights:

  • Need for increased monitoring
  • risk-based approach to identify drinking water supply systems and/or

ground water private wells that should be monitored.”

  • publish a map of current monitoring and potential sources of PFAS

contamination and make available on EPA’s website.

  • further testing under Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

(UCMR)

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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EPA Local Government Advisory Committee PFAS Report – 11/19/18

Highlights (continued):

  • Need for guidance:
  • “There is an urgent need to get MCL for PFAS, testing guidance and

costs, risk and health threats based on current science.”

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Problems with FDA approval process for PFAS in food contact materials

  • Companies seeking FDA approval for food additives

(including food contact substances) must provide all relevant chemistry, toxicology, and environmental data

  • Review of FOIA records for one C6 PFAS:
  • Failure to report all toxicity data (even studies that were otherwise

publicly available)

  • Failure to consider cumulative effects
  • Failure to mention biopersistent breakdown products
  • Need for increased transparency

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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http://blogs.edf.org/health/2018/11/04/fda-approved-pfas-breakdown-assessing-food-additive- safety/?

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PFAS are Problematic & Difficult to Clean Up

Prevention is Preferable!

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Summary of Recommendations

  • 1. Reduce the use of PFAS-containing fire-fighting

foams where possible

  • 2. Further monitoring of PFAS in drinking water.
  • 3. Declare PFOA, PFOS, and others hazardous

substances

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Recommendation 1

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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  • Users
  • Airports
  • Military
  • Local fire departments
  • Refineries, chemical plants
  • Fuel storage facilities

Reduce the use of PFAS-containing fire-fighting foams where possible.

  • WA state bill
  • Prohibits training with

PFAS-containing foam

  • Restricts manufacture and sale
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Fluorine-Free Foams

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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https://ipen.org/documents/fluorine-free-firefighting-foams

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Recommendation 2

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

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Further monitoring of PFAS in drinking water

  • Contaminated water systems

identified by UCMR3: 2

  • Contaminated sites identified

by MDEQ: 31

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PFAS are numerous

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4730 PFAS in commerce (OECD, 2018) 240 PFAS in fire-fighting foam and contaminated ground water 14 PFAS measured by EPA Method 537 6 PFAS included in UCMR3 2 PFAS with federal Health Advisories

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Recommendation 3

GREEN SCIENCE POLICY INSTITUTE www.GreenSciencePolicy.org

Declare PFOA, PFOS, and others hazardous substances.

  • Clean Water Act Section 311?
  • Superfund/CERCLA Section 102?
  • Toxics Release Inventory?

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  • EPA: will be addressing in National PFAS Management Plan
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With Reduced Use of Highly Fluorinated Chemicals

We can have a healthier world

www.GreenSciencePolicy.org