Mosquito Control, Zika, and the ATSDR endorse the purchase of any - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mosquito Control, Zika, and the Clinician

Mark Miller MD, MPH

Co-director, Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit at UCSF Director, Children’s Environmental Health Center, California EPA

(comments do not represent the state of California) Developmental Disabilities Conference UCSF March 2017

Mosquito Control 101

No Disclosures

PEHSU Funding from ATSDR and US EPA

The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and should not be construed to represent an agency determination or policy. Acknowledgement: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports the PEHSU by providing partial funding to ATSDR under Inter-Agency Agreement number DW-75-95877701. Neither EPA nor ATSDR endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in PEHSU publications

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Zika, dengue, chikungunya

• Breeds in very small

containers of water

• Multifaceted approach
• Larvicide/ Adulticide
• Eliminate standing

water

• “In the yard”
• Home
• Aerial spray
• AGO traps
• Spray alone will not do

the job

Also Ae. albopictus

Remove standing water where mosquitoes

could lay eggs

• At least weekly, remove water from anything that

contains even a small amount

• Tightly cover cisterns, etc.
• Use larvicides on water containers that can’t be

thrown out.

Keep mosquitoes out with screens

• Don’t leave doors open

Use air conditioning when possible Consider use of indoor or outdoor insecticide as

needed (not first option)

Action at home

Most effective for quickly controlling population

in a large area

• Part of integrated plan including habitat elimination,

screens, air conditioning use, larval control, community education (dress)

• Requires on the ground workers

Naled –

• 2 tablespoons/ football field (ultra low dose)
• Used extensively since 1950s, short half life
• Not carcinogen, correctly used should not impact

asthma

Bt (larvacide)

• Bacteria used on organic gardens

Aerial Spraying

https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/aerial-spraying.html

Resistance to Pesticides Becoming a Problem

CDC

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Choose protective clothing (e.g., long sleeves) DEET – AAP/CDC preferred for effectiveness

and relative safety

• 10-30% (above 2 mos) – higher concentration

longer lasting

• Canada – increases concentration and frequency by age
• Under 2 months use mosquito netting with tight elastic fit for

car seats, etc.

Picaridin IR3535 2-undercanone (methyl nonyl ketone) Oil of lemon eucalyptous / PMD (above 3 years)

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/avoid-bug- bites

epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-insect-repellent-right-you Genetically engineered males

• Self limited – offspring of males who mate with wild

females die

• Reported 90% reduction in mosquitos
• Studies in Brazil, Cayman Islands, Panama

Risks? (considered low)

• Ecological niche replacement (Aedes albopictus)
• Alteration of food chains
• Possibility of insecticide tolerance and transfer to

wild populations

• Mosquito Mate – infection of males results in sterility which

is passed on to females (and other novel approaches)

Biotec mosqito control - Oxitec

Beech et al. As Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 2009

Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap

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General information for home:

www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/controlling-mosquitoes- at-home.html https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/larvicides-factsheet.pdf

Aerial Spraying

www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/aerial-spraying.html

Insect repellants

www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-insect-repellent- right-you