Ultra-Low Duty Why? Cycle MAC with Scheduled Save Energy Channel - - PDF document

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Ultra-Low Duty Why? Cycle MAC with Scheduled Save Energy Channel - - PDF document

Ultra-Low Duty Why? Cycle MAC with Scheduled Save Energy Channel Polling by turning the radio off Wei Ye, Fabio Silva, and John Heidemann Presenter: Stu Glaser (Existing method 1) (Existing method 2) Low-Power Listening (LPL) Scheduled


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SLIDE 1

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Ultra-Low Duty Cycle MAC with Scheduled Channel Polling

Wei Ye, Fabio Silva, and John Heidemann Presenter: Stu Glaser

Why?

Save Energy by turning the radio off

Low-Power Listening (LPL)

(Existing method 1)

Sleep Poll (no one sending) Sleep Poll (someone sending to me) Receive data Poll (no one sending) Sleep Broadcast preamble Send data

Receiver Sender Only check for activity

Listen

Scheduled Transmissions

(Existing method 2) (no one sending)

Receive data

(no one sending)

Wake up Sleep Send ready (contention) Wake up Wake up Wake up Wake up Wake up Wake up Wake up receive ready Send data

But

In Low-Power Listening (LPL)... ...sender requires more energy

Receive Send

Long Preamble

Receiver Sender

But

In scheduled transmission (S-MAC)... ...receiver requires more energy

Receive Send

Wakeup and listen

Receiver Sender

Send ready (contention period)

Wakeup and listen Wakeup and listen

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SLIDE 2

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So

Combine them!

Low Power Listening (LPL) Scheduled Transmissions Scheduled Channel Polling (SCP)

Remember this acronym

Scheduled Channel Polling (SCP)

Receiver

Poll channel If there's no activity, then sleep Otherwise, wake up Receive header If the message is not for me, then

sleep

Otherwise, receive message

Sender

Transmit (short) preamble Transmit header Transmit message

Issue: synchronizing schedules

Synchronization

Send out a SYNC packet every 10 to 60 minutes. (Slightly) larger preamble.

Issue: contention

Two-Phase Contention

What about the hidden terminal problem? 1 2 Preamble Contention Windows Data

Senders

  • Wake up
  • Select a slot
  • If someone else selects an

earlier slot, abort send

Issue: network load

Adaptive Channel Polling

When a listener receives a message, it creates high-frequency polling slots On the next regular poll, the listener begins sending to the next listener.

Implementation

Mica2 motes TinyOS Implemented LPL for comparison

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SLIDE 3

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Results

SCP outperforms LPL in every category

Duty cycle LPL: 1-2% SCP: 0.1%

Critique

What about the hidden terminal problem? How does SCP compare to S-MAC? How do they synchronize the entire network?

  • - Explained in another paper (but the reference

is easily missed)