UAV assessment to support EU policies Elena Roglia Max Craglia www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation
Sistema di Monitoraggio Avanzato del Territorio – SMAT SMAT Project aims at studying and demonstrating a surveillance system, to support: prevention and control of a wide range of natural events (fires, floods,landslides) environment protection against human intervention (traffic, urban planning, pollution and cultivation)
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SMAT architecture SMAT-F1, was the first phase of SMAT project and aimed to demonstrate an integrated use of three Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) platforms inside of a primary scenario, relevant for the Piedmont Region. 5
SSC Before mission: mission planning, UAS tasks allocation. During mission: mission monitoring, data collection from the CSs, operator support in the interaction with the system After mission: conclusive report and Second Level Exploitation of data.
Second Level Exploitation activity analyze and correlate data collected during missions allow visualization, re-processing and retrieval of data according to users needs Provide a mechanism to retrieve and search metadata 7
Metadata Retrieval and Search Add metadata to geo-referenced objects related to missions stored in the SSC database Route Waypoints & Flown Points Target Airport Metadata are annotations provided by users of an open, collaborative system 8
EnviroDrones Exploratory Research on New Information Sources and Data Integration Investigate the potential of UAS for environmental applications, and identify implications for European policy. Develop INSPIRE-compliant communication protocols for mobile sensors 9
INSPIRE Directive 2007/02/EC The INSPIRE Directive lays down general rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment 1. Metadata This decentralised 2. Interoperability of spatial data sets infrastructure is built on the infrastructures for and services spatial information 3. Network services (discovery, view, established and operated download, transform, invoke) by the Member States 4. Data and Service sharing (policy ) 5. Coordination and measures for JRC is the technical monitoring & reporting coordinator
INSPIRE Thematic Scope Annex III Annex I 11. Area management/ 1. Statistical units 1. Coordinate reference restriction/regulation systems 2. Buildings zones & reporting units 2. Geographical grid systems 3. Soil 12. Natural risk zones 3. Geographical names 4. Land use 4. Administrative units 13. Atmospheric conditions 5. Human health and safety 5. Addresses 14. Meteorological 6. Utility and governmental 6. Cadastral parcels geographical features services 7. Transport networks 15. Oceanographic 7. Environmental monitoring 8. Hydrography geographical features facilities 9. Protected sites 16. Sea regions 8. Production and industrial 17. Bio-geographical regions facilities Annex II 18. Habitats and biotopes 9. Agricultural and 1. Elevation 19. Species distribution aquaculture facilities 2. Land cover 20. Energy Resources 10.Population distribution – 3. Ortho-imagery demography 21. Mineral resources 4. Geology
Interoperability Starting point… user user • Access to different data ... ... • several formats and semantic structures lack of interoperability dataset dataset dataset
Interoperability ... The objective of INSPIRE user user Provide access to harmonized data at EU ... ... level Data sets used in Member States may stay as they are Harmonization through transformation Network Network Network services that can "translate" data based Service Service Service on a data model agreed between the European Member States dataset dataset dataset
“Deepening” INSPIRE: Air Quality reporting pilot • Using INSPIRE for enabling access to comparable near real-time air quality information • Cooperation between DG ENV, JRC, EEA and MS volunteers • Conformant with INSPIRE & existing reporting data • Future extensions in flows between MSs others INSPIRE thematic and the EEA areas. • Extension of the data model for mobile sensors
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Flight Range Endurance MTOW Category Example Altitude (km) (h) (kg) (m) Micro/Mini UAV (MUAV) md4-200, Nano < 10 300 < 2 < 30 or Low Altitude Hummingbird Short Endurance (LASE) Medium Altitude 1,500 - Talarion, Predator, Long Endurance > 500 15,000 24 - 48 7,000 Heron (MALE) High Altitude > 4,500 - 20,000 24 - 48 15,000 Global Hawk Long Endurance 2,000 (HALE) Vertical Take-off < Nano Hummingbird, < 200 < 6,000 < 8 and Landing 1,400 MQ-8 Fire Scout (VTOL UAV) Source: Adapted from Blyenburgh (2011, 120) 15
(Dis)Advantages of UAV − absence of a legal and regulatory framework + Low-cost (MUAV/LASE) − the political and societal acceptance + comparatively high endurance − high development and procurement costs (MALE/HALE) (MALE/HALE) + Increased safety for operating − short endurance and low speed (MUAV/LASE) personnel − Need for miniaturizing instrumentation + Flexible sensor payload − Need for experience to operate UAV systems + Very high resolution (cm) − Coverage not intended for covering EU / countries 16 −
UAV market in commercial sectors (Source: Frost & Sullivan) Estimated UAV market (Source: Frost & Sullivan)
UAV forecast 2015-2025 A recent study on robotics industry forecasts that UAVs will generate $13.6 billion in economic impact in the first three years of operation in the U.S. It is predicted more than 70,000 new jobs created in the first three years. It is predicted a market of roughly 10,000 active commercial UAVs in five years 90% of the potential UAV market would be for agriculture and public safety source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
European Commission Initiatives • Hearing conducted on 8 October 2009 on Light UAS (DG MOVE) • High Level Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems 1st July 2010 (European Commission and the European Defense Agency) • Five workshops in 2011-2012: Resulted in the European RPAS(remotely piloted aircraft systems community) Steering Group
Example of civil application: • Scientific Research and Environmental Monitoring • Precision Agriculture and policy monitoring
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC
Some Conclusions » Discussion regarding Unmanned vs Manned vs Satellite is unnecessary complement each other (satellite + UAV OR manned) » Imagery from UAVs superior in spatial & spectral resolution (but smaller coverage) to satellites (larger coverage) » EU end users request products derived from UAVs and aircraft that satellites cannot provide critical for monitoring agricultural & environmental resources » As part of the new CAP there is a need to monitor specific targets / elements which are difficult with current standard satellites: water for irrigation / soil cover / practices to limit erosion / landscape features / measures to avoid invasive plant species
elena.roglia@jrc.ec.europa.eu
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