UAV assessment to support EU policies Elena Roglia Max Craglia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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UAV assessment to support EU policies

Elena Roglia Max Craglia

Sistema di Monitoraggio Avanzato del Territorio – SMAT

SMAT Project aims at studying and demonstrating a surveillance system, to support: prevention and control of a wide range of natural events (fires, floods,landslides) environment protection against human intervention (traffic, urban planning, pollution and cultivation)

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SMAT architecture

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SMAT-F1, was the first phase of SMAT project and aimed to demonstrate an integrated use of three Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) platforms inside of a primary scenario, relevant for the Piedmont Region.

 Before mission: mission planning, UAS tasks allocation.  During mission: mission monitoring, data collection from the CSs,

• perator support in the

interaction with the system  After mission: conclusive report and Second Level Exploitation of data.

SSC

Second Level Exploitation activity

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analyze and correlate data collected during missions allow visualization, re-processing and retrieval of data according to users needs Provide a mechanism to retrieve and search metadata

Metadata Retrieval and Search

Add metadata to geo-referenced

• bjects related to missions stored

in the SSC database Metadata are annotations provided by users of an

• pen, collaborative system

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Route Waypoints & Flown Points Airport Target

EnviroDrones

Exploratory Research on New Information Sources and Data Integration

Investigate the potential of UAS for environmental applications, and identify implications for European policy. Develop INSPIRE-compliant communication protocols for mobile sensors

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INSPIRE Directive 2007/02/EC

The INSPIRE Directive lays down general rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment

This decentralised infrastructure is built on the infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States

JRC is the technical coordinator

• 1. Metadata
• 2. Interoperability of spatial data sets

and services

• 3. Network services (discovery, view,

download, transform, invoke)

• 4. Data and Service sharing (policy )
• 5. Coordination and measures for

monitoring & reporting

INSPIRE Thematic Scope

Annex I

• 1. Coordinate reference

systems

• 2. Geographical grid systems
• 3. Geographical names
• 4. Administrative units
• 5. Addresses
• 6. Cadastral parcels
• 7. Transport networks
• 8. Hydrography
• 9. Protected sites

Annex II

• 1. Elevation
• 2. Land cover
• 3. Ortho-imagery
• 4. Geology

Annex III

• 1. Statistical units
• 2. Buildings
• 3. Soil
• 4. Land use
• 5. Human health and safety
• 6. Utility and governmental

services

• 7. Environmental monitoring

facilities

• 8. Production and industrial

facilities

• 9. Agricultural and

aquaculture facilities 10.Population distribution – demography

• 11. Area management/

restriction/regulation zones & reporting units

• 12. Natural risk zones
• 13. Atmospheric conditions
• 14. Meteorological

geographical features

• 15. Oceanographic

geographical features

• 16. Sea regions
• 17. Bio-geographical regions
• 18. Habitats and biotopes
• 19. Species distribution
• 20. Energy Resources
• 21. Mineral resources

user user dataset dataset dataset ... ...

• Access to different data
• several formats and semantic

structures  lack of interoperability

Interoperability Starting point…

... ...

Network Service Network Service Network Service

Provide access to harmonized data at EU level Data sets used in Member States may stay as they are Harmonization through transformation services that can "translate" data based

• n a data model agreed between the

European Member States

dataset dataset dataset user user

... The objective of INSPIRE Interoperability

“Deepening” INSPIRE: Air Quality reporting pilot

• Using INSPIRE for enabling access to comparable near

real-time air quality information

• Cooperation

between DG ENV, JRC, EEA and MS volunteers

• Conformant with

INSPIRE & existing reporting data flows between MSs and the EEA

• Extension of the

data model for mobile sensors

• Future extensions in
• thers INSPIRE thematic

areas.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

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Category Range (km) Flight Altitude (m) Endurance (h) MTOW (kg) Example Micro/Mini UAV (MUAV)

• r Low Altitude

Short Endurance (LASE) < 10 300 < 2 < 30 md4-200, Nano Hummingbird Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) > 500 15,000 24 - 48 1,500 - 7,000 Talarion, Predator, Heron High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) > 2,000 20,000 24 - 48 4,500 - 15,000 Global Hawk Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL UAV) < 200 < 6,000 < 8 < 1,400 Nano Hummingbird, MQ-8 Fire Scout

Source: Adapted from Blyenburgh (2011, 120)

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(Dis)Advantages of UAV

+ Low-cost (MUAV/LASE) + comparatively high endurance (MALE/HALE) + Increased safety for operating personnel + Flexible sensor payload + Very high resolution (cm)

− absence of a legal and regulatory framework − the political and societal acceptance − high development and procurement costs (MALE/HALE) − short endurance and low speed (MUAV/LASE) − Need for miniaturizing instrumentation − Need for experience to operate UAV systems − Coverage  not intended for covering EU / countries

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Estimated UAV market

(Source: Frost & Sullivan)

UAV market in commercial sectors

(Source: Frost & Sullivan)

• A recent study on robotics industry forecasts that UAVs will generate

$13.6 billion in economic impact in the first three years of operation in the U.S.

• It is predicted more than 70,000 new jobs created in the first three years.
• It is predicted a market of roughly 10,000 active commercial UAVs in five

years

• 90% of the potential UAV market would be for agriculture and public

safety

UAV forecast 2015-2025

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

European Commission Initiatives

• Hearing conducted on 8 October 2009 on Light

UAS (DG MOVE)

• High Level Conference on Unmanned Aircraft

Systems 1st July 2010 (European Commission and the European Defense Agency)

• Five workshops in 2011-2012: Resulted in the

European RPAS(remotely piloted aircraft systems community) Steering Group

Example of civil application:

• Scientific Research and

Environmental Monitoring

• Precision Agriculture

and policy monitoring

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada – JRC

Some Conclusions

» Discussion regarding Unmanned vs Manned vs Satellite is unnecessary  complement each other (satellite + UAV OR manned) » Imagery from UAVs superior in spatial & spectral resolution (but smaller coverage) to satellites (larger coverage) » EU end users request products derived from UAVs and aircraft that satellites cannot provide  critical for monitoring agricultural & environmental resources » As part of the new CAP there is a need to monitor specific targets / elements which are difficult with current standard satellites:

water for irrigation / soil cover / practices to limit erosion / landscape features / measures to avoid invasive plant species

elena.roglia@jrc.ec.europa.eu