U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Trade Linda Calvin USDA-Economic Research - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Trade Linda Calvin USDA-Economic Research Service Immigration Reform: Implications for Farmers, Farm Workers, and Communities Washington, DCMay 27-28, 2010 U.S. imports, 1990 and 2009 1,000 mts 6000 5000 15%

SLIDE 1

U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Trade

Linda Calvin USDA-Economic Research Service

Immigration Reform: Implications for Farmers, Farm Workers, and Communities Washington, DC—May 27-28, 2010

SLIDE 2

U.S. imports, 1990 and 2009

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1990 2009 1990 2009 ROW Canada Mexico

1,000 mts Vegetables (fresh and processed) Fruit (fresh and processed)

65% 20% 15% 38%

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

SLIDE 3

U.S. production and trade statistics

Source: ERS, Fruit and Tree Nuts Yearbook and Vegetables and Melons Yearbook

SLIDE 4

Some Factors Affecting Trade

Climate
Technology
Biology
Consumer demands for variety and year-

round supply

Business risk
Labor costs
Declining tariffs

SLIDE 5

Winter field tomato production areas

SLIDE 6

Changes in technology U.S.-Canadian tomato trade

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 U.S. exports to Canada U.S. imports from Canada

1,000 mts Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.

SLIDE 7

Western table grape production areas

SLIDE 8

U.S. shipments of fresh grapes, 2009

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Others Chile Mexico United States

Source: USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service. 100,000 lbs

SLIDE 9

U.S.- Mexican grape trade

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 U.S. exports to Mexico U.S. imports from Mexico

1,000 mts Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

SLIDE 10

Lettuce production for the U.S. market

SLIDE 11

Green onion production for the U.S. market

SLIDE 12

U.S. shipments of green onions

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

1980 1990 2000

Source: USDA, AMS Mexico United States 100,000 lbs

SLIDE 13

U.S. supply of fresh asparagus, 1900-2009

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce United States Mexico Peru

SLIDE 14

Asparagus shipments, 1990 and 2009

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Jan Jul 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Jan Jul Source: USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service

United States Mexico Peru

SLIDE 15

Summary

Not all increases in imports imply that U.S.

production is uncompetitive due to labor

Other factors besides labor

– Tomatoes (weather, technology) – Grapes (biology, consumer demands) – Lettuce (business risk) – Green onions (labor) – Asparagus (labor and declining tariffs)

SLIDE 16

www.ers.usda.gov

SLIDE 17

U.S. exports, 1990 and 2009

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1990 2009 1990 2009 ROW Canada Mexico

1,000 mts Vegetables (fresh and processed) Fruit (fresh and processed)

SLIDE 18

U.S.-Mexican fresh tomato trade

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 U.S. exports to Mexico U.S. imports from Mexico

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

SLIDE 19

U.S. lettuce imports from Mexico and Canada, 2000-2009

20 40 60 80 100 120 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Canada Mexico

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1,000 mts

SLIDE 20

U.S. frozen broccoli supply, 1978-2009

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1980 1990 2000

Million lbs Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, ERS United States Mexico Others

SLIDE 21

Broccoli imports, 2007

Frozen Import share of consumption 92 Import share: Mexico 73 Guatemala 13 Ecuador 9 China 5 Canada *

Is less than 1%.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

SLIDE 22

Broccoli imports, 2009

Fresh Frozen Import share of consumption 12 92 Import share: Mexico 97 73 Guatemala * 13 Ecuador * 9 China * 5 Canada 2 *

Is less than 1%.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce.

SLIDE 23

Decline of U.S. asparagus industry

50 100 150 200 250 1990-02 average 2005-07 average Million lbs farm weight Freezing Canning Fresh

Source: ERS, Vegetables and Melons Yearbook