The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and death - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and death from any cause, cancer

• r heart disease/stroke

15th October 2014 Oyinlola Oyebode

Introduction

• Recommendations for fruit and vegetable

consumption

– 400g (WHO, 1990) – Fruit and Veggies-More Matters (USA, 2007) – “Go for 2+5” (Australia, 2005) – 5-a-day (France, Germany, UK)

• “Population nutrient goals have been set

judgementally rather than on the basis of specific evidence as to the necessary level of intake”.

The Health Survey for England

• The major monitoring tool for looking at the nation’s health.
• Used by the government to make important policy decisions

that have an impact on us all

• It is an annual survey and has been running since 1991
• Every address in England has an equal chance of being

included in the survey each year and the results are representative of the population

Methods

• Health Survey for England
• Participants aged 35+, 2001-2008

– 65,226 (2,695 excluded: 4%)

• Asked about 24 hour consumption
• Coded into portion sizes
• Max of one portion of pulses, fruit

juice/smoothie, dried fruit contribute to total

• Linked to mortality up to 2013

Survival Analysis

0-<1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+

100% 95% 90%

4,399 people died (6.7%)

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed

People who eat no fruit and veg

People who eat lots

• f fruit and veg

Vs

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed

Adjusted for:

• sex
• age-group
• cigarette smoking
• social class
• BMI
• education
• physical activity
• alcohol intake

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause

Adjusted for:

• sex
• age-group
• cigarette smoking
• social class
• BMI
• education
• physical activity
• alcohol intake

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0-<1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ HR Portions of Fruit and Vegetable Consumed

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from any cause

Adjusted for:

• sex
• age-group
• cigarette smoking
• social class
• BMI
• education
• physical activity
• alcohol intake

+ excluding people who died within a year of the survey

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0-<1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ HR Portions of Fruit and Vegetable Consumed

Association between portions of fruit and vegetables consumed and risk of death from cancer or CVD

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ HR Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 <1 1-<3 3-<5 5-<7 7+ HR Portions of fruit and vegetables consumed

Cancer CVD

Association between portions of fruit

• r vegetables consumed

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0-<1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 HR Portions of Fruit or Vegetables Consumed

Fruit Vegetables

Association between variety of fruit and vegetable consumed and risk of death from all-causes

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Conclusions

• Strong association between fruit and veg consumption

and all-cause mortality, cancer and CVD mortality.

• Consuming vegetables appears to be better than

similar quantities of fruit.

• Consumption of fresh vegetables, salad, fresh fruit

and dried fruit were associated with decreased mortality.

• Consumption of frozen or canned fruit was associated

with increased mortality.

Final thoughts

• Most people should try to eat more fruit and

veg

• Increasing availability, affordability and

acceptability more effective than health education

• Good to stimulate public debate and increase

the visibility of the issues involved

With thanks to: Vanessa Gordon-Dseagu Alice Walker Jenny Mindell Health Survey for England team Health Survey for England participants Thank you for listening!