U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service PLANTS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service PLANTS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service PLANTS FOR THE WEST Forage and Range Research Laboratory Legumes for Rangeland Restoration in the Semi- arid Western USA Shaun Bushman Doug

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Forage and Range Research Laboratory

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Shaun Bushman Doug Johnson Tom Jones

Legumes for Rangeland Restoration in the Semi- arid Western USA

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Need for North American Legumes

Important for:

  • Seeding diversification
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Native pollinators
  • Wildlife food and habitat
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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

  • 2. Evaluation
  • 5. Seed production
  • 1. Seed

collection

  • 3. Select

appropriate releases

  • 4. Germination and

establishment protocols

Pipeline for germplasm development

  • 6. Release for

seeding

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SLIDE 4

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Collection Variation

among Pops 29% Within Pops 71%

Among Pops 27% Within Pops 73%

Dalea searlsiae Lotus utahensis

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Lotus species:

  • 3 common-gardens.
  • 19 collections transplanted.
  • RCB design, 6-plant plots, 5 reps.
  • Two years post-establishment.

Assessing variation

Dalea searlsiae:

  • 2 common-gardens.
  • 20 collections transplanted.
  • RCB design, 6-plant plots, 5 reps.
  • Two years post-establishment.
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SLIDE 6

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Measured Plant Traits

  • Seed pod weight
  • Dry matter yield
  • Survival
  • Plant height
  • Number of stems
  • Foilage diameter
  • Flowering date
  • Acid detergent fiber
  • Neutral detergent fiber
  • Crude protein

Fitness Morphology Phenology Forage quality

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SLIDE 7

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Dalea searlsiae

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Trait Variation – D. searlsiae

Traits PC1 PC2 PC3 Eigenvalue 4.28 2.54 2.32 Cumulative proportion 0.63 0.76 0.87 Dry matter yield, Hyde Park 0.78 0.25

  • 0.33

Dry matter yield, Millville 0.86 0.25 0.17 Inflorescence weight 0.95 0.16

  • 0.19
  • No. of inflorescences, Millville

0.76 0.10

  • 0.57
  • No. of inflorescences, Hyde Park

0.61 0.26

  • 0.64

Flowering date

  • 0.07
  • 0.26

0.92 Plant height 0.48 0.45 0.17

  • No. of stems

0.46 0.20

  • 0.37

Foliage diameter 0.69 0.18

  • 0.39

Acid detergent fiber 0.29 0.75

  • 0.45

Neutral detergent fiber 0.08 0.94

  • 0.11

Crude protein

  • 0.24
  • 0.72

0.20

PC1 loadings high for: DMY & seed yield PC2 loadings high for: Forage quality traits PC3 loadings high for: Flowering date

Trait P value Dry matter yield, g/plot ** Plant height, cm **

  • No. of stems

**

  • No. of inflorescences

** Foliage diameter (cm) ** ADF% ** NDF% * Crude protein (CP), % ** Inflorescence weight, g/plot ** Flowering date *

1* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01

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SLIDE 9

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Trait variation and collection site – D. searlsiae

Elev Temp Precip PC1 0.26ns1 0.17ns 0.76** PC2 0.11ns 0.15ns 0.31ns PC3

  • 0.50*

0.50*

  • 0.11ns

Recall that PC1 ~ DMY and seed yield.

Precipitation helped to shape the genetic variation for these traits

  • n the landscape.
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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Precipitation structure - D. searlsiae

~12” ~14”

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Molecular variation and structure - D. searlsiae

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Similarity within collections – D. searlsiae

0.600 0.620 0.640 0.660 0.680 0.700 0.720 0.740 0.760 0.780 0.800

Similarity index (S)

NW Utah

Under lake Bonneville

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

How molecular variation relates - D. searlsiae

Comparison r Genetic vs. Geographic 0.76** Genetic vs. Phenotypic 0.37** Genetic vs. Elevation 0.30* Genetic vs. Precipitation 0.01ns Genetic vs. MA Temp. 0.16ns Strong isolation by distance. Differences in precip. did not Correspond to genetic differences.

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Release strategy - D. searlsiae

Two common-garden and molecular marker supported releases. A third was requested because some collections

  • fficially reside in the

Colorado Plateau.

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SLIDE 15

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Release strategy - D. searlsiae

Collection

  • Infl. weight

(g.plot-1)

  • No. of infl.
  • No. of infl.

Ds-12 29.6EFG 32.2CDEFG 25.4BCDE Ds-16 21.7G 26.8EFG 8.8G Ds-21 22.7G 22.3G 9.8FG Ds-23 30.2DEFG 27.8DEFG 16.3DEFG Ds-03 57.6BCD 44.0ABCDE 32.9ABC Ds-05 20.7G 26.1DEFG 15.3EFG Ds-07 22.1FG 23.9FG 18.2DEFG Ds-08 49.1BCDE 45.2ABCDE 35.5AB Ds-09 32.6DEFG 33.8CDEFG 20.4BCDE Ds-10 33.5CDEFG 43.1ABCDEF 24.6BCDE Ds-11 27.9EFG 35.2CDEFG 24.1BCDE Ds-13 65.4AB 52.3ABC 45.0A Ds-15 82.5AB 60.5AB 45.9A Ds-18 51.3BCD 44.6ABCDE 35.2AB Ds-20 29.5DEFG 33.6CDEFG 32.6ABC Ds-25 46.3BCDEF 44.7ABCDE 32.5ABC Ds-26 61.3ABC 46.7ABCD 35.2AB Ds-01 20.7G 29.9DEFG

  • Ds-14

72.7AB 42.0BCDEF 25.8BCDE Ds-17 58.4BCD 34.1CDEFG 21.1CDEF

* * *

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Germination and establishment

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Germination and establishment

10 20 30 Daor Dase 1/4 3/4

a a b b

10 20 30 40 NT acid sand # emerged of 50 Daor Dase

a b d c c f

¼” depth better than ¾”. Acid scarification best, emergence at ~70%. Sandy soils work best in both species, emergence near 100% for ornata and near 85% for searlsiae.

10 20 30 40 50 60 100% sand 66% sand 33% sand 100% clay Daor Dase a b b bc bc c d d

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Seed production

>150 lbs/ acre shattering 2017 seed requests thus far: 61 lbs 4 entities

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SLIDE 19

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Lotus utahensis & wrightii

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Trait variation – L. utahensis

Trait P value

Dry matter yield, g/plot ** Plant height, cm **

  • No. of stems

**

  • No. of inflorescences

* Inflorescence weight, g/plot ** Foliage diameter (cm) ** ADF %

  • NDF%

* Crude protein (CP), % ** Flowering date *

1* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01

Factor 1: survival and flowering time Factor 2: DMY, morphology, forage qual. Factor 3: tannins

Variable Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Eigenvalue 3.33 1.05 0.41 Cumulative 0.67 0.88 0.96 Morphology (C)

  • 0.48

0.79 0.28 Forage Quality (C)

  • 0.14

0.89 0.35 Condensed Tannins (D)

  • 0.11

0.34 0.93 Survival (D) 0.97

  • 0.10
  • 0.08

Phenology (C) 0.84

  • 0.49
  • 0.13
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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Trait variation and collection site – L. utahensis

Factor 1LU Factor 2LU Factor 3LU Latitude 0.17 ns 0.08 ns 0.15 ns Longitude 0.02 ns

  • 0.01 ns

0.1 ns Elevation 0.32 ns 0.11 ns

  • 0.17 ns

Mean Ann Temp

  • 0.22 ns
  • 0.17 ns

0.17 ns Diurnal Temp Range

  • 0.25 ns

0.18 ns 0.05 ns Warmest Month High

  • 0.27 ns
  • 0.09 ns

0.18 ns Coldest Month Low

  • 0.22 ns
  • 0.21 ns

0.1 ns Mean Ann Precip

  • 0.35 ns

0.22 ns

  • 0.22 ns

phenology & survival morphology & quality tannins

Factors were not even moderately correlated with any environmental characteristic, so no indications of strong local adaptation.

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Molecular variation and structure – Lotus

2 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 23

  • Coord. 2
  • Coord. 1

Principal Coordinates (PCoA)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

corniculatus wrightii 2,4,15 5,16,20 The rest

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Similarity within collections – Lotus

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

corniculatus

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

How molecular variation relates – L. utahensis

Discriminant Analysis: 3 groups within utahensis

DMY Flowering date Pod mass distinguished the 3 utahensis groups.

2,4,15 5,16,20

wrightii

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Seed Pod Weight in Lotus Collections

1 2 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 Dry matter yield (g) Pod mass (g)

5 16 20

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Release strategy – L. utahensis

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SLIDE 27

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

  • 2. Evaluation
  • 5. Seed production
  • 1. Seed

collection

  • 3. Select

appropriate releases

  • 4. Germination and

establishment protocols

Pipeline for germplasm development

  • 6. Release for

seeding

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SLIDE 28

FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Other species

Astragalus filipes Dalea ornata Hedysarum boreale

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FORAGE AND RANGE RESEARCH LABORATORY

PLANTS FOR THE WEST

Thank you!

Doug Johnson – 41 years Kevin Connors – 30 years Lisa Michaels Kim Thorsted Jason Stettler Kishor Bhattarai

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SLIDE 30

The preceding presentation was delivered at the This and additional presentations available at http://nativeseed.info

2017 National Native Seed Conference

Washington, D.C. February 13-16, 2017