U.S. Climate Reference Network: Current Status and Future Directions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Climate Reference Network: Current Status and Future Directions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Climate Reference Network: Current Status and Future Directions Sharon LeDuc Michael Palecki National Climatic Data Center DOC/NOAA/NESDIS USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009 1 USCRN Goals Making science quality

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Sharon LeDuc Michael Palecki National Climatic Data Center DOC/NOAA/NESDIS

USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009 1

U.S. Climate Reference Network: Current Status and Future Directions

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  • Making science quality climate observations

adhering to the Ten Climate Monitoring Principles of GCOS, NRC/NAS, and CCSP

  • Answering the question at mid-century:

“How has the climate of the United States changed over the last 50 years?”

  • Serving as a reference standard for other

networks, while evaluating new technology

  • Leveraging USCRN knowledge and

infrastructure to support new missions

USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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USCRN Goals

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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USCRN Continental U.S. Deployment Completed in 2008

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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CRN Station Model

Relative Humidity Soil Moisture and Temperature

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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The Basics: How USCRN Works

Grand Teton CRN Station Triplicate Temperature Sensors

Primary variables are measured with triplicate configurations that allow for intercomparisons:

  • 3 PRTs measure T
  • 3 wires measure P
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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Triplicate Temperatures:

  • 3 platinum resistance

thermometers calibrated to NIST traceable standards

  • 3 fan speeds
  • equipment flags

are used to calculate the 5-minute and hourly temperatures with an accuracy of +/- 0.3°C

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Crossville, TN: February 2009

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Crossville, TN: 12 February 2009

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Crossville, TN: 7 PM,12 February 2009

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  • Highest Air Temperature = 52.2°C

Stovepipe Wells, CA; July 5, 2007

  • Lowest Air Temperature = -49.2°C

Barrow, AK; February 3, 2006

  • Highest Ground Surface Temperature = 72.2°C

Stovepipe Wells, CA; June 24, 2006

  • Lowest Ground Surface Temperature = -49.9°C

Barrow, AK; February 3, 2006

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USCRN Temperature Extremes

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What is happening over time?

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What is happening at Asheville CRN?

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Taking a national look at climate

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  • Relationships between the USCRN observations

and adjacent homogenized cooperative observer records were calculated and applied to the 1971- 2000 coop data to construct pseudonormals for each USCRN station

  • These pseudonormals are subtracted from each

station’s monthly mean to create departures for each that can be averaged together into national departures

  • This same approach will be used to synthesize

lengthy historical times series to thread to the future USCRN station records

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A First Look at the USCRN National Air Temperature Departure Time Series

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  • 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Departure (°C) Year Continental U.S. Annual Temperatures

USHCN v 2.0 USCRN

  • The mean bias for the first 5 annual averages is -0.05°C

compared to the US Historical Climate Network v.2.0

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  • Develop additional layers of quality control and

network monitoring

  • Provide improved access to hourly and daily

USCRN observations

  • Facilitate science applications of USCRN data
  • Reduce data latency – the Rolling 12

USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Current USCRN Activities

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  • A USCRN station transmission has consisted of a

complete set of all raw variables for the three most recent clock hours, ending at the most recent complete clock hour (e.g., 11:28 transmission, 8:00-11:00 data)

  • This data latency concerned real time data users, such

as the National Weather Service

  • To solve this, a new set of 12 five-minute calculated

temperature and precipitation values are provided that extend to the most recent five-minute clock interval prior to the hourly transmission (e.g., 10:25-11:25 data)

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The Rolling 12

8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 Time 3-Hour Data Window Rolling 12

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  • USCRN has been cooperating with satellite

climatology efforts that may benefit from observations

  • f surface air temperature, surface skin temperature,

and solar radiation

  • Areal heterogeneity and station representativeness

studies have begun to support this effort

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Science Application: Satellite Calibration/Validation

KS_Oakley_19_SSW: Homogeneous Grass

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  • Deployment of soil moisture / temperature probes

and RH instruments across the USCRN network in cooperation with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) program – Probes will be installed at 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm depths in three separate locations around the USCRN station tower

  • Build out the USCRN in Alaska over the next 5 years

and collaborate with GCOS in placing instruments in underrepresented areas

  • Assist the US Historical Climatology Network –

Modernization Program by leveraging the USCRN experience and infrastructure

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New Directions for USCRN

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USCRN Soil Climate Network

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Crossville, TN, first official USCRN installation of soil probes, April 2009

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Crossville, TN: 3 soil moisture measurements at 20 cm depth

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25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361 385 409 433 457

TN Crossville 7 NW - 20 cm Moisture

Hourly since 2100 on 20090409

M1020 M2020 M3020 M20

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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USCRN Expansion and Ongoing USGCOS Collaboration

  • The Global Climate Observing System has

provided support for two USCRN stations in Alaska, with two more in FY09

  • GCOS is also collaborating with USCRN to

improve Arctic region climate observations by placing a CRN-design station at Tiksi in Siberia

  • NOAA FY10 Budget requests $1.3 M to deploy

USCRN stations in Alaska

  • GCOS is providing support to prepare site

surveys in preparation for the FY10 deployment

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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USCRN Alaska and Hawaii sites (including 2009-2015 Alaska plans)

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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Future GCOS / USCRN Work

Tiksi, Siberia Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

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  • USCRN instrument science, logistics, and computer

processing experience are leveraged to provide the basis for USHCN-M development and deployment

  • Experience gained by USCRN with the Alabama

USHCN-M prototypes proved very useful in planning for the design and maintenance of regional UCHCN- M deployments

  • A goal of 1000 stations for the continental U.S. would

provide sufficient spatial resolution to resolve regional climate trends in the continental U.S. within a decade

  • f their start

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U.S. Historical Climate Network Modernization (USHCN-M)

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USCRN Current Status and Future Directions, May 2009

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USHCN-M National Deployment: 1000 Stations

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USCRN: Meeting the Needs of Climate Stakeholders in the U.S.

  • Accurate, real time, climate science quality observations
  • f temperature and precipitation
  • Unique triplicate measurements of soil moisture and

temperature will be invaluable to operational needs (weather prediction, drought monitoring, agriculture, horticulture), and scientific needs (satellite calibration/validation, soil moisture modeling, soil moisture/temperature trend detection)

  • Good quality global solar radiation measurements for users

and engineers of passive solar devices http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/uscrn/