Types of Soil Tests The Basics: Texture & Organic Matter Cation Exchange Capacity pH Macro Nutrients – N P K Ca Mg S Micronutrinets – Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, The Not So Basic: Soil Health – “Haney Test”
W hy do w e test?? • Fertility recom m endations • Find out w hat w e have??? • Change over tim e • pH • Organic Matter
W hat Tim e of Year to Sam ple? • Spring • Fall
How Should I Sam ple? • W hat Depth • Representative Distribution
SOIL SAMPLING
SOIL SAMPLING
How Should I Sam ple? • W hat Depth • Representative Distribution • Sam ple Preparation • Freezing • Air Drying
W hat are My Laboratory Choices? • University of I daho • Stukenholtz Laboratory • Midw est Laboratories • Northw est Agricultural Consultants
Cost? • U of I - $ 4 5 • pH, OM, NH4 , NO3 , P, K • Stukenholtz – $ 3 8 , $ 4 1 , or $ 5 0 • pH, OM, NH4 , NO3 , P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, CEC ( S) ( S, Fe, Mn, Cu, B, Zn, Cl) • Midw est – $ 1 0 .5 0 , $ 2 6 .5 0 , to $ 3 4 • pH, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, CEC ( NO3 , S, Fe, Mn, Cu, B, Zn) ( NH4 ) • Northw est - $ 3 5 to $ 5 3 • pH, OM, NH4 , NO3 , P, K, S ( Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, B, Zn) • Rapid Test Kit – Approx $ 1 0 for 2 sam ples
pH OM NH4-N NO3-N P K Ca Mg Na CEC S Fe Zn Cu B Mn % ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm Stukenholtz 7.0 2.9 5.3 18 91 579 8.0 28.5 6.0 1.0 1.0 9.1 meq/100g 8.2 1.9 0.1 12.0 Midwest 7.2 5.1 4.0 22 302 544 1631 186 19 12.0 48.0 7.1 1.0 1.3 20.0 meq/100g 11.2 U of Idaho 7.2 5.3 2.5 21 >20 670 Rapid Test 7.0 VL VL VL
pH OM NH4-N NO3-N P K Ca Mg Na CEC S Fe Zn Cu B Mn % ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm Stukenholtz 7.0 2.9 5.3 18 91 579 1640 231 23 8.0 28.5 6.0 1.0 1.0 9.1 meq/100g 1.5 8.2 1.9 0.1 12.0 Midwest 7.2 5.1 4.0 22 302 544 1631 186 19 12.0 48.0 7.1 1.0 1.3 20.0 meq/100g 1.4 8.2 1.5 0.1 11.2 U of Idaho 7.2 5.3 2.5 21 >20 670 Rapid Test 7.0 VL VL VL
I nterpretation and Recom m endations
Soil pH Adjustm ent
How Much Agricultural Limestone to Apply? Depends on Soil Texture (general guide). To raise pH to 6.5 from: pH Sand Loam Clay (lbs/1000 sq ft) 5.0 40 100 150 5.5 30 80 100 6.0 15 40 60 --------------------------------------------------- Apply in Fall; Retest in Spring
I rrigation W ater pH
Nutrient Recom m endations Tw o W ays of Calculating: Experim ental Yield Curves – P and K Replacem ent of Crop Rem oval – N
1.7 ppm NO 3 -N 3.2 ppm NH 4 -N OM % =7.3
Recom m endation • Goal • Supply N, P, K • Low er pH • I ncrease Mg as % of Base Saturation • Suggested Additions • 3 0 0 lbs/ acre KMag ( 0 -0 -2 2 -2 3 plus 1 1 Mg) • 3 0 0 lbs/ acre Am m onium Phosphate Sulfate ( 1 6 -2 0 -0 -1 4 ) • 4 0 0 lbs/ acre Starter ( 2 7 -1 0 -1 0 ) banded • Result • 1 5 6 lbs/ acre N • 1 0 0 lbs/ acre P2 O5 • 1 0 6 lbs/ acre K2 O • 1 0 8 lbs/ acre S • 3 3 lbs/ acre Mg
Fertilizer Formulations 10 - 10 - 10 -10 N - P O - K O - S 2 5 2 10 4.4 8.3 10 lbs/100 lbs N P K S
“Inorganic” Nutrient Sources • Nitrogen • Anhydrous NH 3 (82-0-0) • Urea (46-0-0) • Ammonium Nitrate (34-0-0) • Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate (16-20-0-14) • Ammonium Sulfate (21-0-0-24) • Potassium Nitrate (13-0-45) • Phosphorus • Triple Super Phosphate (0-46-0) + Ca • Potassium (K) • Muriate of Potash (KCl) (0-0-50)
“Organic” Nutrient Sources • Fish Emulsion (5-2-2) + micronutrients • Soybean Meal (7-2-?) • Blood Meal (14-?-?) +micronutrients • Guano (11-2-2) • Rock Phosphate (20%P and 48% Ca) • Green Sand (3% K) + micronutrients • Limestone (40% Ca) • Dolomite (22% Ca, 13% Mg)
Nitrogen Fertilizer Pathways Org N Ammonia-N Nitrate-N + NH 4 + H O + 2 H 2 - NO 3
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