Two interpretations of dynamic semantics Sentences express context - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Two interpretations of dynamic semantics Sentences express context - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 07, 2023 333 likes •877 views

Two interpretations of dynamic semantics Sentences express context change potential Common ground Agents mental state (e.g. Heim, 1982; Groenendijk & Stokhof, (e.g. Geurts, 1999; 1991; van der Sandt, Kamp, 2015) 1992) Paradox of

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Two interpretations of dynamic semantics

Common ground

(e.g. Heim, 1982; Groenendijk & Stokhof, 1991; van der Sandt, 1992)

Agent’s mental state

(e.g. Geurts, 1999; Kamp, 2015)

 ‘Paradox of fictional names’

(Maier, 2017)

Sentences express context change potential

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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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The paradox of fictional names

Fictional statement:

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon (The Lord of

the Rings)

Parafictional statement:

  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit

Metafictional statement:

  • Frodo is a famous fictional character

(Recanati, 2018)

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The paradox of fictional names

Fictional statement:

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon (The Lord of

the Rings)

Parafictional statement:

  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit

Metafictional statement:

  • Frodo is a famous fictional character

(Recanati, 2018)

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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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DRT

  • Pedro owns a donkey
  • Pedro beats it
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DRT

  • Pedro owns a donkey
  • Pedro beats it
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DRT

  • Pedro owns a donkey
  • Pedro beats it
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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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Psychologistic DRT

  • Regular assertions are prescription to believe

 Trump is the president of the U.S.

  • Fictional statements are prescriptions to imagine

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

(Walton, 1990)

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A test case

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon
  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit
  • Frodo is a famous fictional character
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A test case

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon
  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit
  • Frodo is a famous fictional character
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A test case

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon
  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit
  • Frodo is a famous fictional character
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Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon
  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit
  • Frodo is a famous fictional character
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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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SLIDE 17

The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit that travels to a

dark and far away land

  • Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character created by Arthur

Conan Doyle

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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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Back to the basics

  • Psychologistic DRT:

Fiction – Imagination (Walton, 1990)

  • Workspace account:

Fiction – Imagination (Matravers, 2014)

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The workspace account

Assertive closure Fictive closure

P Q P Q

□F

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Assertion

Trump is the president of the U.S.

Assertive closure

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ common ground

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Assertive opening

Trump is the president of the U.S.

Assertive closure

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ workspace common ground

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Workspace update

Trump is the president of the U.S.

Assertive closure

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ president(x) ________________ workspace common ground

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Assertive closure

Trump is the president of the U.S.

Assertive closure

________________ ________________ ________________ president(x) ________________ common ground

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Fictional statement1

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

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Fictional statement1

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ workspace common ground

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Workspace update1

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ name(x,Frodo) trying-time(x) ____________, x workspace common ground

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Fictive closure1

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

______________ ______________

trying-time(x)

LOTR

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Fictive opening2

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

______________ ______________

LOTR

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Fictive opening2

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

________________ ________________ ________________ workspace common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

______________ ______________

LOTR

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Workspace update2

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

________________ ________________ trying-time(x) ________________ workspace common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

______________ ______________

LOTR

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Fictive closure2

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

common ground ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

______________ ______________

trying-time(x)

LOTR

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A closer look at fictive closure

Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon

Fictive closure

workspace common ground

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Fictional characters

  • The abstract object Frodo (Zalta, 1983; 1988)

Encodes being a hobbit Exemplifies being fictional

  • The dot‐object Frodo (Recanati, 2018)

Flesh and blood facet Abstract object facet Proceedings paper and poster ‐ ESSLLI 2018 student session

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Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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SLIDE 37

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 38

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 39

Solving the paradox

Fictive closure

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 40

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 41

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 42

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 43

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 44

Solving the paradox

Assertive closure

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 45

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 46

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 47

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 48

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 49

Solving the paradox

Assertive closure

  • Frodo had a very trying

time that afternoon

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit

  • Frodo

is a famous fictional character

workspace common ground

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SLIDE 50

Solving the paradox

  • Frodo had a very trying time that afternoon
  • In The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is a hobbit
  • Frodo is a famous fictional character
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SLIDE 51

Overview

  • The paradox of fictional names
  • DRT
  • Psychologistic DRT

 Solves the paradox  The para‐ and metafictional challenge

  • The workspace account

 Solves the paradox  Avoids the challenge

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Avoiding the challenge

  • In The Lord of the Rings,

Frodo is a hobbit that travels to a dark and far away land

  • Sherlock

Holmes is a fictional character created by Arthur Conan Doyle

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An additional challenge

  • Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character created by Arthur

Conan Doyle

  • Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe
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Conclusions

Psychologistic DRT

Solves the paradox of fictional names Faces the para‐ and metafictional challenge

The workspace account

Solves the paradox of fictional names Avoids the para‐ and metafictional challenge

Modelling fiction interpretation does not force a move to a psychologistic interpretation of DRT