Treatment Technologies for Alternative Water Sources and Qualities - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Treatment Technologies for Alternative Water Sources and Qualities - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 19, 2022 32 likes •264 views

THE 63 RD ANNUAL NEW MEXICO WATER CONFERENCE October 18, 2018 Treatment Technologies for Alternative Water Sources and Qualities Pei Xu, PhD Civil Engineering Department Development of Alternative Water Supplies is Crucial for Water Security

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Treatment Technologies for Alternative Water Sources and Qualities

Pei Xu, PhD Civil Engineering Department

THE 63RD ANNUAL NEW MEXICO WATER CONFERENCE October 18, 2018

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Development of Alternative Water Supplies is Crucial for Water Security

Water Scarcity Elevated Salinity High sodium adsorption ratio Contaminants of emerging concerns Desalination Produced Water Water Reuse

Concentrate

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Challenges of Alternative Water Supplies

  • Water quality concerns
  • High cost
  • Intensive energy demand
  • Concentrate and waste management

Need Innovative Approaches

Short-term solutions: Modify and optimize current technologies Long-term solutions: Develop next generation

  • f technologies
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Highlights of Treatment Technologies

  • Produced water treatment
  • Selective electrodialysis for non-potable water use
  • High recovery desalination system
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Produced Water Quality

Source: Benko and Drewes (2008)

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Produced Water Quality

Hydraulic Fracking

Source: Benko and Drewes (2008)

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Produced Water Quality

Salt tolerant crops Hydraulic Fracking

Source: Benko and Drewes (2008)

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Produced Water Quality

Salt tolerant crops Drinking water Salt sensitive crops Livestock Hydraulic Fracking

Source: Benko and Drewes (2008)

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Treatment Technology Assessment

 Review identified 62 fundamental treatment

technologies and integrated systems/processes

 Commercial status of technology  Feed and product water quality  Removal efficiencies  Water recovery  Infrastructure considerations  Energy consumption  Chemical demand  Life cycle  O&M considerations

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Produced Water Treatment Decision Support Tool

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Technology Summary

Produced Water

Pre-treatment TDS Bins (mg/L)

Deep Well Injection Removal of:

  • TSS
  • Organics
  • Hardness
  • Disinfection

Beneficial Use Reuse for hydraulic fracturing (No desalination required) Recovery of valuable products and energy (I2, NaCl, NH4Cl, MgCl2, Na2CO3, etc.) Reuse for other purposes (potable use, aquifer recharge, irrigation, industrial, etc.) < 10,000 10,000 – 40,000 40,000 – 70,000 > 70,000 Mature, less costly, existing technology

  • RO/NF
  • ED/EDR

Mature, cost intensive, existing technology

  • SWRO
  • BWRO

Emerging, cost intensive technology

  • FO
  • MD

Moderate mature, moderate costly technology

  • MVC
  • MED

Treatment/Desalination Waste Disposal

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Online Resources for Produced Water

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Highlights of Treatment Technologies

  • Produced water treatment and beneficial reuse
  • Selective electrodialysis for non-potable water use
  • High recovery desalination system
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High Sodium to Hardness Ratio Resulted in Reuse Challenges

 SAR = Sodium Adsorption Ratio

SAR = [Na+] / {([Ca2+] + [Mg2+]) / 2}1/2

≤3 6 to 9 > 9

(use meql units)

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Selective Electrodialysis for ZLD of Reclaimed Water

CaSO4 MgCl2 CaCl2

Ca2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ SO4

2-

Cl- Na+ Cl- Na+ SO4

2-

Ca2+

Irrigation Cooling Water Wetland

Salty Reclaimed Water

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

Na2SO4 NaCl Ion Switcher Reclaimed water with low hardness, higher salinity Reclaimed water with low sodium, lower salinity

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Selective Membrane Coating

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Pilot Site Development

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Modeling and Full Scale Design

Bench Testing Pilot Testing Full Scale Design Data Fitting and Mathematical Modeling Water and Salt Balance, Process Modeling Cost Analysis WATSYS: Specialty EDR Projection Model by GE (Normal Grade Membrane Only)

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Scottsdale Blending Analysis and Cost Comparison – 1 MGD Reclaimed Water (4-stage)

Baseline Alternative Alternative 1A Alternative 1 Alternative 2 UF + RO Normal EDR - WATSYS Normal EDR - Testing Selective EDR Feed Water Flow (mgd) 1 Feed Water Sodium (mg/L) 235

Overall Recovery 88% 93% 92% 94%

Unit Recovery 85% 90% 90% 90% Product Water Sodium (mg/L) 110 Product TDS (mg/L) 530 522 433 634 Number of Stages

  • 4

4 4 Capital ($/gpd product flow) $6.1 $6.5 $7.6 $6.5

O&M ($/kgal) $1.09 $0.88 $0.83 $0.81

Selective ED achieved higher water recovery and 26% cost reduction treating municipal reclaimed water

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Highlights of Treatment Technologies

  • Produced water treatment and beneficial reuse
  • Selective electrodialysis for non-potable water use, e.g.,

irrigation and thermal power plant cooling water

  • High recovery desalination system
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Highlights of Research Projects

  • Produced water treatment and beneficial reuse
  • Selective electrodialysis for non-potable water use, e.g.,

irrigation and thermal power plant cooling water

  • High recovery desalination system
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High Recovery Desalination

Source: Aquamembranes Source: Eco1st

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Pei Xu: pxu@nmsu.edu