Treatment and reuse of condensate INTEGRALE with IMPROVED: The YARA case MOBIELE PROCESWATERVOORZIENING VOOR EEN ECONOMISCHE DELTA Paul Van Elslande (Ghent University)
OVERVIEW 1. IMPROVED advantages 2. Problem statement – stream analysis Yara 3. Technology selection 4. Experiments Lab scale ➢ From lab to pilot scale ➢ Pilot scale ➢ 5. What ’ s up next? 6. Connect to IMPROVED
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES WATER TREATMENT: ULTRA-VERSATILE Pretreatment Treatment Post-treatment • IEX • ED • Mixed bed SOURCE • GAC • RO • AOP • UF • MD
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES WATER TREATMENT: PLUG & PLAY Easy plug in from process stream Easy switching between technologies
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES SENSORING pH Conductivity Flow Pressure Temperature TOC Sodium Silica DCC Free chlorine
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES ONLINE Data logging
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES ONLINE Control from distance
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES MOBILE
THE YARA CASE
STREAM ANALYSIS YARA CONDENSATE QUALITY Condensate 1 (C1) Condensate 2 (C2) Parameter Average value (mg/L) Parameter Average value (mg/L) NH 4 15 NH 4 350 + + NO 3 50 MeOH 300 - MDEA 8 TOC 300 ➢ Aim : Water reuse / nutrient recovery ➢ Technologies needed that separate selectively separate ions and TOC from the water: Reverse omosis, electrodialysis & membrane distillation / stripping
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION OVERVIEW Driving force Membrane Mechanism Dense semi Reverse osmosis Pressure difference permeable Transport of water (RO) membrane Electrochemical Dense ion Electrodialysis potential exchange Transport of ions (ED) difference membrane Membrane Temperature Porous distillation (MD) / Transport of difference / pH hydrophobic membrane volatiles difference membrane stripping (MS)
EXPERIMENTS LAB SCALE Condensate 1 (C1) – Rejection / removal efficiencies RO ED MD NH4 + 93% 97% 99% NO3 - 86% 92% 99% Condensate 2 (C2) – Rejection / removal efficiencies RO ED MS NH4 + 95% 84% 94% ➢ Batch experiments → Upscaling needed
EXPERIMENTS FROM LAB TO PILOT SCALE fOTOS? RO MD ED
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Reverse osmosis
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Reverse osmosis Feed Permeate Rejection (%) NH4 + NO3 - NH4 + NO3 - Time NH4 + NO3 - Recovery (%) (hours) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0 17.8 78.5 0.2 17 99% 78% 75 97% 78% 22 18.6 82.8 0.5 18.3 99% 81% 49 20 91.3 0.2 17.4 3 49.3 191 1.7 15.6 97% 92% 80 27 40.6 173 0.4 29.5 99% 83% 47 40.5 170 0.8 24.5 98% 86% 40 158 4 0.7 19.3 98% 88% 85 52 25.5 115 0.3 24.1 99% 79%
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Electrodialysis: Feed & bleed mode
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Electrodialysis: Continuous mode
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Electrodialysis: Feed & bleed vs. continuous mode Diluate in Diluate out Removal (%) NH4 + NO3 - NH4 + NO3 - (mg/L) NH4 + NO3 - (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Feed & 81% 91% 6.2 39 1.2 3.5 bleed 68% 73% Continuous 12 57 3.7 16
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Membrane distillation Feed Permeate Rejection (%) NH4 + NO3 - NH4 + NO3 - NH4 + NO3 - (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Time (hours) 21.9 107 4.2 12.5 81% 88% 0 31.4 151 2.4 6.5 92% 96% 5 37.8 182 0.6 1.4 98% 99% 24 48 232 0.7 0.6 99% 100% 26.5 48.2 235 1 0.8 98% 100% 28
WHAT’S UP NEXT? STREAM C1 ➢ Reverse osmosis ➢ Not suitable for this stream due to high fluctuations in product quality ➢ Electrodialysis ➢ Best performer on water production ➢ Decent water quality ➢ Membrane distillation ➢ Best product quality ➢ Fluxes very low RO ED MD ➢ Energy requirements needed: Specific electrical energy consumption 0.58 0.10 2.78 (kWh/m³)
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C2 Reverse osmosis Feed RO Permeate NH4 + NH4 + Recovery MDEA MeOH MDEA MeOH (%) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 70 1 092 40 994 92 <1 659 75 1 570 20 677 95 <1 677 80 1 398 17 882 86 <1 901 85 1 467 24 959 90 <1 989
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C2 Electrodialysis Diluate in Diluate out Setting NH4 + NH4 + product MDEA MeOH MDEA MeOH quality (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (µS/cm) 400 383 13 775 75 2.7 1 115 200 145 2.7 713 45 2 775 100 103 2.7 107 31.1 1.9 863 50 120 <1 1 282 13 <1 1 129 25 65 5 1 061 10 <1 1 193
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Membrane stripping Feed Permeate time NH4 + NH4 + MDEA MeOH MDEA MeOH (hours) 0 12 8 960 645 < 1 405 1 29 12 750 1 055 < 1 525 20 3 9 1 040 2 010 < 1 1 415 23 3 7 1 040 2 460 < 1 1 095 25 1 12 1 235 2 610 < 1 1 070 47 3 9 1 030 3 280 < 1 1 015 49 4 9 1 180 3 550 < 1 1 190 51 2 14 955 3 420 < 1 1035 68 37 19 945 3 850 < 1 985 70 5 9 1 175 3 965 < 1 1 085 72 10 7 975 3 920 < 1 1 100
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1 Membrane stripping 4500 Concentration NH4 + (mg/L) 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 Permeate 1500 Feed 1000 500 0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (hours)
WHAT’S UP NEXT? STREAM C2 ➢ Reverse osmosis ➢ Selective MDEA removal ➢ No upconcentration of ammonium ➢ Electrodialysis ➢ Partially selective MDEA removal ➢ No upconentration of ammonium ➢ Membrane stripping ➢ Selective MDEA removal ➢ Upconcentration of the ammonium ➢ Extra technique needed for removal of methanol: Cation exchange resin before membrane stripping
CONNECT TO IMPROVED? ➢ Set-up will be accessible after project ➢ Can be used in other projects at maintenance cost ➢ Solving difficult research questions with regards to water quality ➢ Testing ground for novel technology
CONTACT Arne Verliefde Professor Universiteit Gent Arne.Verliefde@Ugent.be 09/264.60.02
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