TRANSPORTATION 101 CONGESTION MITIGATION & AIR QUALITY PROGRAM June 18, 2018
CMAQ Overview Changes Made by FAST ACT AGENDA CMAQ Guidance Overview of CMAQ Performance Measures
CMAQ PURPOSE US Code 23 Section 149: The CMAQ Three elements of CMAQ: program is established for transportation projects that contribute to the ✓ Is it a Transportation Project? attainment or maintenance of the ✓ Does it have measurable emissions reduction? national ambient air quality standards for ✓ Is the project in a Nonattainment or maintenance ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter. area?
Projects that improve traffic flow, Establishing or operating a traffic monitoring, including projects to improve signalization, A project or program that is likely to management, and control facility or construct high occupancy vehicle lanes, contribute to the attainment of air quality program, including advanced truck stop improve intersections, add turning lanes, The purchase of integrated, interoperable standards based upon data provided by the electrification systems, if the facility or improve transportation systems emergency communications equipment; EPA and shows a high level of effectiveness program is likely to contribute to the management and operations that mitigate in reducing air pollution attainment or maintenance in the area of a congestion and improve air quality, and national ambient air quality standard; implement intelligent transportation system strategies Projects or programs that shift traffic demand to nonpeak hours or other transportation modes, increases vehicle Installation of vehicle-to-infrastructure occupancy rates, or otherwise reduces Diesel retrofits projects Transit Capital & Operating** communication equipment demand for roads through such means as telecommuting, vanpooling, carsharing, alternative work hours, and pricing; ELIGIBLE CMAQ PROJECTS
A State may use funds for a project or program to establish electric vehicle charging stations or natural gas vehicle refueling stations for the use of battery powered or natural gas fueled trucks or other motor vehicles at any location in the State except that such stations may not be established or supported where commercial establishments serving motor vehicle users are prohibited No funds may be used for a project which will result in the construction of new capacity available to single occupant vehicles unless the project consists of a high occupancy SPECIAL RULES vehicle facility available to single occupant vehicles only at other than peak travel times. If a State does not have, and never has had, a nonattainment area designated under the Clean Air Act the State may use funds apportioned to it for any project in the State that is eligible under CMAQ or the Surface Transportation Block Grant Program
Link to: EPA Non-Attainment Designation
FUNDING ALLOCATION • Funding is allocated to States • States with Non-Attainment areas: • Funds must be spent on projects in counties that are designated non-attainment • States must coordinate project selection with local governments in non-attainment areas • Project must be included in the STIP (air quality plan) • States w/o Non-Attainment areas • May spend funds anywhere as if they were CMAQ or STBG projects • Funding allocated to states based on proportion of total CMAQ funding that each State received in FY 2009
FY 2018 CMAQ Apportionments • https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/fastac t/funding.cfm
CMAQ PERFORMANCE PLANS • Required for MPOs with TMAs over one million population that are nonattainment or maintenance • Includes emissions and congestion • Updated biennially and requires progress report from previous plan
OTHER KEY POINTS • Project share 80% federal unless noted otherwise • States and metropolitan planning organizations in non-attainment for PM2.5 shall give priority to projects that are proven to reduce PM2.5, including diesel retrofits. • States and MPOs shall consider cost-effectiveness in determining project selection (FHWA-EPA create cost effectiveness guidance)
C M A Q F U N D I N G B Y P R O J E C T T Y P E 1 9 9 2 T H R U 2 0 1 0 5% 6% 5% Shared Ride 5% Demand Management 9% Pedestrian / Bicycle 36% STP / CMAQ Traffic Flow Improvements 34% Transit
FAST ACT – CMAQ • Few programmatic changes made to CMAQ • Makes two eligibility changes 1. Clarifies eligibility of port related freight operations (so long as emission reductions are attained) 2. Makes installation of vehicle to infrastructure communication installation eligible FY FY FY FY FY FY T otal 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 FY16- 20 CMAQ Obligations $2.27b $2.31b $2.36b $2.40b $2.45b $2.50b $12.02b % Increase 1.8% 2.1% 1.9% 1.8% 2.0% • Maintains that carpool/vanpool projects are still eligible for 100% Federal share (all other projects have a maximum of 80% Federal Share)
CMAQ – QUESTIONS TO ASK • Paying for a Project or Paying for a Program? • If it’s a project: • is it capital or operating • If it’s for your program • What are you paying for? • Sometimes, breaking out tasks and getting several grants provides more flexibility with funding
CMAQ GUIDANCE Examples: • Questions to ask yourself – is it capital or operating • Vanpool projects – Understand difference between Capital costs & Operating Costs 16
CMAQ GUIDANCE – OPERATING ASSISTANCE • Operating costs limited to 3 years (third year may last three years**) • Marketing & Outreach are not subject to operating limit 17
CMAQ – 2013 GUIDANCE • Marketing & Outreach are not subject to operating limit 18
CMAQ GUIDANCE 19
CMAQ – GUIDANCE • If it’s for your program • What are you paying for? • Sometimes, breaking out tasks and getting several grants provides more flexibility with funding
CMAQ – GUIDANCE Carsharing - MAP-21 specifically highlights carsharing projects, these efforts involve the pooling of efficient, low-emission vehicles, provided to travelers who have occasional need for a vehicle but not the constant, daily necessity that demands ownership. As with any CMAQ project, sponsors need to demonstrate an emissions reduction from the carsharing program. If a program-wide emissions reduction cannot be demonstrated, CMAQ funding may be available to support vehicle costs under Alternative Fuels and Vehicles eligibility
PERFORMANCE MEASURES Fight for CMAQ FUNDS --- HERE IS YOUR AMMO: • (1) Percent of Person-Miles Traveled on the Interstate System That Are Reliable (the Interstate Travel Time Reliability measure); and • (2) Percent of Person-Miles Traveled on the Non-Interstate NHS That Are Reliable (the Non- Interstate NHS Travel Time Reliability measure). Together they are the Travel Time Reliability measures. Both of these measures assess Level of Travel Time Reliability (LOTTR), defined as the ratio of the 80th percentile travel time to a “normal” travel time (50th percentile). Data are derived from the travel time data set using either the National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) or equivalent. • (3) Percent Change in Tailpipe CO 2 Emissions on the NHS from the Calendar Year 2017, assesses environmental performance. This measure is calculated using data on fuel use and VMT.
PERFORMANCE MEASURES Three measures are established under the CMAQ program (the CMAQ measures) including two measures for traffic congestion: (1) Annual Hours of Peak-Hour Excessive Delay Per Capita (the PHED measure); and • • Data for this measure is derived from the travel time data set of NPMRDS. • (2) Percent of Non-SOV Travel • The second measure is a new measure developed to recognize the role of lower-emissions modes in meeting air quality goals. State DOTs and MPOs have three options for providing data for this measure. • (3)Total Emissions Reduction. • This measure uses data from the CMAQ Public Access System to calculate total emission reductions for applicable criteria pollutants or precursors.
TIMELINE Targets 1 st Reported – October 1, 2018 State Reports Progress – October 1, 2020 FHWA Assess progress – August 15, 2022
POST-FAST ACT – CMAQ Post Authorization CMAQ Issues • Need DOT to create clear and definitive guidance and practices o What one FHWA State office allows under CMAQ, another does not. There is a need for consistency in rulings. • Clarify difference between operations/labor and education/outreach o Operations/Labor are only eligible to receive CMAQ funding for up to 5 years. Education & Outreach have no limitations. Clarity & consistency needs to be made when it comes to whether labor associated with education & outreach is subject to limitation
FAST ACT – CMAQ Post Authorization CMAQ Issues • Clarify use of CMAQ funds for incentives o Some FHWA state offices allow CMAQ funds to be used for commuter incentives, while others do not. Clarity & consistency needs to be set on the question. • Amend CMAQ guidance related to vanpools o Current guidance refers to leasing of vanpools. Vanpool arrangements between the public and private sector are ‘contract for service’ agreements, not leases. • Increasing allocation based upon incorporation of new technologies 26
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