Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital Cranfield University, 30 October 2017 Alison Smith Natural capital Wildlife habitat Intrinsic & cultural value Pollination, pest predators Provisioning services Regulating

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Tools to inform delivery of net gain in Natural Capital

Cranfield University, 30 October 2017 Alison Smith

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Natural capital

Soil, water, plants, animals

Provisioning services

  • Food: crops,

livestock, fish

  • Timber
  • Biofuels
  • Fresh water supply

Cultural services

  • Landscape, local identity
  • Recreation, education

Regulating services

  • Water quality
  • Flood control
  • Erosion control
  • Air quality
  • Carbon storage
  • Local climate
  • Noise regulation

Wildlife habitat

  • Intrinsic & cultural value
  • Pollination, pest predators

Natural capital

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Delivering net gain

Measuring impact Identifying improvements Making the business case Scoring Mapping and modelling Modelled impacts Opportunity maps Valuing Valuing

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HABITAT Recreation Aesthetic Spiritual Intellectual Sense of Place Wildness Pollination Pest Control Habitat Global Climate Air Quality Flood Protection Water Quality Soil Erosion Local Climate Noise Crops Urban Food Livestock Water Supply Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland

5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 0.5 2.0

Broad-leaved plantation

4.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0

Coniferous plantation

3.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Dense/continuous scrub

2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0

Unimproved acidic grassland

3.5 4.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5

Unimproved neutral grassland

4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5

Unimproved calcareous grassland

3.5 4.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.5

Improved grassland

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 5.0 1.5

Marsh/marshy grassland

3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.0

Tall ruderal

1.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 2.5

Dry heath/acid grassland mosaic

3.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.0

Standing water

4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.0 5.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 3.5 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 5.0

Arable

1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 1.0

Amenity grassland

3.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0

Bare ground

1.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Urban - hard surfaces

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Scores

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Habitat for wildlife

ES Score

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Food production (max)

ES Score

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BD ES1 ES2 … Hab 1 5 5 3 … Hab 2 3 2 1 … … … … … Metrics BD ES1 ES2 … Before 525 600 300 … After 1 200 270 120 … After 2 … … …

Habitat map Adjust scores for quality, condition, location, time lag Assess quality, condition, location, time lag Σ(Score x area) Matrix of scores Total scores for each ES

Assessing net impact

ES1

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

Tools

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Natural Capital Standard for GI (Prototype)

Score Bonus Stand of 10+ trees / woodland retained HBV 1 yes Retained native hedgerow (≥ 3 native species) 1 yes Retained native hedgerow (≤ 2 species) 0.8 yes Stand of 10+ trees / woodland retained LBV 0.8 Retained species rich meadow 0.8 yes Retained non-native hedgerow 0.8 Retained native tree 0.8 yes SuDS HBV 0.8 Yes Community growing area/allotment 0.8 Rain garden HBV 0.8 Yes Retained non-native tree 0.8 Shrub bed HBV 0.8 yes Stand of 10+ trees / woodland planted HBV 0.8 yes Green roof HBV 0.8 yes Established wildflower meadow 0.8 yes Vertical greening HBV 0.6 Score Bonus Stand of 10+ trees / woodland planted LBV 0.6 Water feature (e.g. pond), HBV 0.6 Yes Amenity grassland with bulbs / naturalised grassland 0.6 Shrub bed LBV 0.4 SuDS LBV 0.4 Amenity grassland 0.4 Green roof LBV 0.4 Rain garden LBV 0.4 Planted native tree 0.4 Planted native hedgerow (≥ 3 native species) 0.4 Planted native hedgerow (≤ 2 species) 0.3 Vertical greening LBV 0.3 Planted non-native hedgerow 0.3 Planted non-native tree 0.3 Naturalised play area 0.3 Permeable paving/gravel/ with green element 0.2 Herbaceous flower bed border 0.2 Permeable paving / gravel / partially porous surface 0.2 Water feature LBV 0.2 Sealed areas e.g. tarmac, concrete

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Burkhard et al 2012

Other scoring systems

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Kopperoinen et al 2013 (GREENFRAME)

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

  • Modelling

Tools

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  • Combine datasets using rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE)

e.g. Air quality benefits depend on:

  • Vegetation type →leaf area index →

pollution deposition rate

  • Distance from roads → pollution levels
  • Population living within (say) 100m of

road e.g. Flood control depends on:

  • Vegetation (forest best)
  • Slope
  • Soil type (saturation, compaction)
  • Population in downstream flood zone
  • Rainfall

Modelling Tools

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  • Datasets & rules (EcoServ-GIS, SENCE)
  • Flow modelling (InVEST, Viridian, LUCI,

NaturETrade, Co$ting Nature)

Modelling Tools

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

  • Modelling

– Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

Tools

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Mapping: hotspots

Eco-Serv-GIS model Run by Natural Capital Solutions

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Mapping: opportunities

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

  • Modelling

– Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

  • Valuing

– Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool

Tools

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Type of Trees Number of trees planted Start Year of the evaluation period Finish Year of the evaluation period Total Carbon Sequestered (tonnes) Present Value of Carbon £ Deciduous - Small 2 2017 2037 £5 Deciduous - Medium 3 2017 2037 3 £144 Deciduous - Large 3 2017 2037 2 £ 123 Conifer - Large 1 2017 2037 2 £85

Valuing: BEST SuDS Tools

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

  • Modelling

– Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

  • Valuing

– DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool – Specialist: iTree-Eco (trees); Orval (recreation) – Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

Tools

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  • Scoring

– Easy to compare across services to determine net gain – Need to ensure scores are grounded in evidence

  • Modelling

– Potentially more accurate; take account of local context (e.g. slope, soil type); can identify hotspots to protect and

  • pportunities to enhance natural capital

– More complex to use; do not calculate net gain directly

  • Valuing

– Could be used to assess net gain or make the business case for investment – Monetary valuation not always possible; need good site- specific data.

Summary

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  • Scoring

– Natural Capital Planning Tool (testing) – Natural England Eco-metric (in development) – Natural Capital Standard for GI (prototype)

  • Modelling

– Free DIY tools: InVEST, ARIES, EcoServ-GIS – Proprietary tools: Viridian, SENCE, LUCI – Web maps: Co$ting Nature, NaturETrade

  • Valuing

– DIY Spreadsheets: GI-Val, BEST SuDS Tool – Specialist: iTree-Eco (trees); Orval (recreation) – Models: InVEST, ARIES – Consultancy evaluation (often use benefit transfer)

Tool status

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Delivering net gain

Measuring impact Identifying improvements Making the business case Scoring NCPT Mapping and modelling SENCE Valuing Valuing GI-Val, Consultancy

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  • Simplicity vs scientific robustness
  • Lack of evidence on ES scores
  • Impact of habitat condition on ES supply
  • Trade-offs between different ES
  • Cultural ES such as aesthetic value hard to measure
  • Others…..?

Please add your thoughts and feedback to the wall! Thank you

Challenges

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Click anywhere on map to see property boundaries (from Land Registry) Instant report:

  • Carbon stored in vegetation (t)
  • Runoff avoided (t/ha/hr max)
  • Soil erosion avoided (t/ha/y)
  • Pollination index
  • Recreation (estimated visitors/y)

Web Maps: NaturETrade (in development)

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Scoring: simple, but is it robust?

Natural England (NERR056) National Ecosystem Assessment