Tools in the War In Drugs Marc Lasher, D.O., MSW Volunteer Clinical - - PDF document

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Tools in the War In Drugs

Volunteer Clinical Faculty  UCSF, Fresno – Family Practice & Community Medicine Residency Program  Valley Health Team – Family Practice Residency Program  California Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic Medicine Medical Director  Aegis Treatment Centers – Fresno  Fresno Free Medical Clinic Addiction Medicine Services  Adventist Health, Hanford, CA Marc Lasher, D.O., MSW

Objectives:

Recognize that we have a drug/opioid/overdose problem; Able to differentiate between addiction and physiological dependency using DSM V criteria; Able to identify STAGES OF CHANGE to direct appropriate options of care. Able to make the appropriate referral to Addiction Medicine or Pain Management; Aware of the U.S. Surgeon General’s recommendation of prescribing naloxone.

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 Characterized by the compulsive use of a drug despite the multitude of adverse consequences to the individual caused by this compulsive use.

Addiction

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 Often, a normal, physiological response to repeated use of a drug.  Development of tolerance to the drug needing more to get the same response.  Commonly, when drug abruptly discontinued, a set of withdrawal symptoms occur.

Dependence

 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – V (2013)  Substance Use Disorder  (2 of 11 criteria from any 4 groups)

DSM-5

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 Substance use in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than was originally intended;  Persistent desire to cut down on use or multiple unsuccessful attempts at cutting down or stopping use;  Great deal of time spent using substance or recovering from its effects;  Increased desire to use or craving for the substance.

Group I: Impaired Control

 Substance use resulting in failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home;  Substance use causing or exacerbating interpersonal problems;  Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced due to substance use.

Group II: Social Impairment

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 Recurrent use of substance in physically hazardous situations;  Continued use despite negative physical or psychological consequences.

Group III: Risky Use

 Tolerance to the effects of the substance;  Withdrawal symptoms with cessation of substance use.

Group IV: Pharmacological Dependence

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 Last 2 criteria: Tolerance and Withdrawals  Without at least one other criteria  Is not Substance Use Disorder

Pharmacological Dependence

 2-3 Mild  4-5 Moderate  6 or more Severe

Severity

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1. Experimenting – can be stopped with minimal adverse effects. Some control of usage.

• 2. Some indeterminate point – lost ability to walk
• away. Lost control, overwhelming compulsion, free

choice no longer exists. Addicted.

• 3. Brain changes, adapts new set of values and

behaviors based on acquiring and using the drug,

• 4. Physiologic abstinence syndrome sets in when drug

cannot be obtained. Suffers severe symptoms.

Pathway to Addiction

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Yellow highlighted text denotes a live link.

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 Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies that reduce negative consequences of drug use, incorporating a spectrum of strategies from safer use, to managed use to abstinence. Harm reduction strategies meet drug users "where they're at," addressing conditions of use along with the use itself. (Harm Reduction Coalition)

Definition of Harm Reduction AT RISK

 OVERDOSE  INFECTION  ARREST/INCARCERATION

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 Methadone  Buprenorphine  Buprenorphine/Naloxone  Naltrexone  Plus Counseling  Relieves sign and symptoms of physiologic abstinence syndrome.  Allows brain, damaged by the drug use, to heal itself.  Out patient Counseling  Residential Rehab  12 Step

Medicated Assisted Treatment

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https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/physician-program-data/treatment-physician-locator

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Yellow highlighted text denotes a live link. https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/training-resources/buprenorphine-physician-training

 Drug related incident seen in ED: severe withdrawals seeking pain relief,

• verdose, cellulitis/abscess, injury under the influence, other.

Identify patient: a) in need of drug treatment in addition to the immediate medical care in the ED; and b) desiring to start treatment immediately. Phone consult available 24/7 to ED’s MD/DO, PA, NP or RN. Telemed encounter with patient, access needs and devise plan, possible prescribe medication such as buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid withdrawals or BDZs for alcohol withdrawals. Enough medication until follow-up appointment within 1-3 days to continue being in treatment. Navigator involved to overcome all the obstacles to facilitate continued treatment including appointments, transportation, medication, housing, insurance, etc….

ED-BRIDGE TO TREATMENT